- •Chest Imaging
- •Foreword
- •Preface
- •Educational Support and Funding
- •Acknowledgments
- •Contents
- •Fundamentals > Chest Primer Presentation
- •Chest X-Ray Interpretation Self-Study Instructions
- •Using the RoboChest Website
- •Decision Tree Algorithms to Help Solidify Concepts
- •References
- •Comprehensive Review of Search Patterns
- •Search Pattern Mnemonic
- •Interpretive Approach to CXR
- •Applying the Mnemonic to the Search Pattern
- •Chest Primer Presentation
- •References
- •Introduction and Terminology
- •Chest Imaging Terminology
- •Mach Effect on CXR
- •Trachea and Lungs on CXR
- •Mediastinal Anatomy on CXR
- •The Hilum (Plural: Hila)
- •Pulmonary Arteries and Veins
- •Normal Lung Markings
- •Vessel Size
- •Quiz Yourself: Mediastinum Lines, Edges
- •Shoulder Anatomy
- •Reference
- •Abnormal Lung Parenchyma
- •Mass
- •Mass Considerations
- •Size
- •Mass Characteristics
- •Malignancy
- •Case 4.1
- •Metastatic
- •Case 4.2
- •Bronchial Carcinoid
- •Radiological Signs
- •Case 4.3
- •Granulomatous Disease
- •Infectious Granulomatous Disease
- •Case 4.4
- •Non-infectious Granulomatous Disease
- •Benign Neoplasm
- •Hamartoma
- •Case 4.6
- •Congenital Abnormality
- •Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations
- •Case 4.7
- •Consolidation
- •Consolidative Radiological Findings/Distribution
- •Consolidative Model
- •Blood (Hemorrhage)
- •Case 4.8
- •Pus (Exudate)
- •Case 4.9
- •Case 4.10
- •Water (Transudate)
- •Pulmonary Edema
- •Case 4.11
- •Case 4.12
- •Protein (Secretions)
- •Case 4.13 (see Figs. 4.38 and 4.39)
- •Cells (Malignancy)
- •Interstitial
- •Radiological Signs
- •Linear Form: Lines
- •Case 4.14
- •Nodular Form: Dots
- •Case 4.15
- •Reticulo-Nodular Form
- •Pneumoconiosis
- •Case 4.16
- •Case 4.17
- •Destructive Fibrotic Lung
- •Case 4.18
- •Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
- •Case 4.19
- •Vascular Pattern
- •Normal Pulmonary Vascular Anatomic Review
- •Radiological Signs in the Vascular Pattern
- •Mechanism
- •Vascular Examples
- •Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)
- •Case 4.20
- •Pulmonary Venous Congestion
- •Pulmonary Venous Congestion: Edema
- •Emphysema
- •Airway (Bronchial) Patterns
- •Complete Obstruction
- •Lobar Atelectasis (Collapse)
- •Signs
- •Lobar Atelectasis Patterns
- •Complete Obstruction: Case Study
- •Partial Obstruction
- •Radiological Signs
- •Bronchial Wall Thickening
- •Bronchial Wall Thickening Causes
- •Bronchial Wall Thickening Model
- •Bronchiolar
- •Case 4.21
- •References
- •Pleural Effusion
- •Case 5.1
- •Technique and Positioning Revisited
- •Case 5.2
- •Comparison of Effusions over Time
- •Loculated Fluid/Pseudotumor
- •Case 5.3
- •Case 5.4
- •Thickening
- •Pneumothorax
- •Fluid and Air
- •Analogous Model
- •References
- •Anterior Mediastinal Mass
- •Case 6.1
- •Middle Mediastinal Mass
- •Posterior Mediastinal Mass
- •Case 6.2
- •Mediastinal Enlargement
- •Case 6.3
- •Reference
- •Case 7.1
- •Lines and Tubes
- •References
- •Appendix
- •Appendix 1: Glossary and Abbreviations
- •Appendix 2: Sources and Additional References
- •Text Sources
- •Image Sources
- •Additional References
- •Chest Imaging References
- •Chest Imaging Online References
- •Index
Mass |
37 |
Fig. 4.5 Primary lung carcinoma, lateral view
Findings: A cavitated round opacity is present at the right lung base. It overlies the back of the heart shadow on the lateral view. The location is thus right lower lobe. There are nodular opacities inside the cavity and an air-fluid level is visible.
Pattern: This is a mass pattern.
Differential Diagnosis: Malignancy is favored over inflammation because of the irregularity of the inner wall of the cavity. The air-fluid level is not useful in differential diagnosis; it only indicates that the bronchus connected to the mass is either partially or intermittently obstructed.
Diagnosis: Bronchogenic carcinoma, adenomatous.
Metastatic
Characteristics like shape, distribution, and multiplicity support metastatic mass diagnosis. Normal pulmonary markings (vessels) can be followed from the hilum toward the lung periphery in all directions. They branch at acute angles, taper, and diverge toward the periphery.