Сравнение герундия, причастия и отглагольного существительного

Обратите внимание на различные значения ing-формы:

В следующих предложениях reading — причастие:

My brother is reading a book.

In the library you can see many people reading books.

Reading his newspaper, the old man fell asleep.

В следующих предложениях reading — герундий:

Reading a good book gives me a lot of pleasure.

It is no use reading these notes.

I like reading a good book.

I am thinking of reading a new A. Christie book.

I remember reading a very clever article on market economy.

Сравните эти два предложения:

My brother is reading the latest story by R. Bradbury, причастие

My dream is reading the latest story by R. Bradbury, герундий

Упражнение 39

Расположите по порядку:

предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;
предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием.

1. Не was looking at the plane flying overhead. 2. Wishing to learn to skate, she bought herself a pair of skates. 3. Just imagine his coming first in the race! 4. The children were tired of running. 5. Being frightened by the dog, the cat climbed a high fence. 6. It is no use going there now. 7. Coming out of the wood, the travellers saw a ruined castle in the distance. 8. My greatest pleasure is travelling. 9. Growing tomatoes need a lot of sunshine. 10. Growing corn on his desert island, Robinson Crusoe hoped to eat bread one day. 11. Growing roses takes a lot of care and attention. 12. Having prepared all the necessary equipment, they began the experiment. 13. Mary will stop for a few days at the seaside before going back home. 14. While translating the text, I looked up many words in the dictionary. 15. I usualy help mother by washing the dishes and doing the rooms. 16. Entering the room, I saw my friends smiling at me. 17. Instead of phoning his friend, he went to see him. 18. The boys continued playing football. 19. Watching the playing kittens was great fun for the children.

Сравните герундий и отглагольное существительное:
Reading a good book gives me a lot of pleasure.	герундий
The reading of a good book gives me a lot of pleasure.	отглагольное существительное

Упражнение 40

Расположите по порядку:

предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием;
предложения, в которых ing-форма является отглагольным существительным.

1. The singing of those beautiful folk songs impressed me greatly. 2. Your having written is really no excuse for your not coming on the day fixed. 3. Such doings can hardly be explained. 4. The motor was carefully examined before starting. 5. I am very pleased to meet you after hearing so much about you. 6. Your hair wants cutting. 7. I shall look forward to seeing you again. 8. The building of this house will cost much money. 9. Sleeping is necessary. 10. We felt so disappointed at your having missed nearly half the programme. 11. It was no use talking about it any longer. 12. Are you dressed for going out? 13. Then came a general lighting of pipes and cigars. 14. I hate the idea of doing it once more. 15. But you don't mind being asked to help us, do you? 16. The forest resounded with the hooting of owls and the howling of wolves. 17. She blamed herself for having been a dull companion.

Упражнение 41

Расположите по порядку:

предложения, в которых ing-форма является причастием;
предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием;
предложения, в которых ing-форма является отглагольным существительным.

1. The driving wheel of the machine is broken. 2. Driving in a motor car, we passed many villages. 3. We have every chance of passing our exams well. 4. Having been knocked down by a passing car, the poor man was at once taken to hospital. 5. You don't know what you miss, not having the desire to listen to good music. 6. These happenings are remarkable. 7. Travelling is a pleasant way of improving one's education. 8. Happily we escaped being delayed on our way. 9. I was told of a great friendship existing between the two captains. 10. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 11. Asking him for help is useless. 12. Every trust arranges for the marketing of its products. 13. There are many discoveries being made all over the world. 14. Seeing this man, I recollected perfectly having met him many years before.

ТАБЛИЦА НЕПАВИЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ

Перевод	Инфинитив (Present)	Прошедшее время (Past Simple)	Причастие 2 (Perfect)	Причастие 1 (Continuous)
Translation	Infinitive	Past	Perfect	Continuous
быть	be	was/were	been	being
бить, колотить	beat	beat	beaten	beating
становиться	become	became	become	becoming
начинать	begin	began	begun	beginning
гнуть	bend	bent	bent	bending
спорить	bet	bet	bet	betting
кусать	bite	bite	bitten	biting
дуть	blow	blew	blown	blowing
ломать	break	broke	broken	breaking
приносить	bring	brought	brought	bringing
строить	build	built	built	building
взрывать, врываться	burst	burst	burst	bursting
покупать	buy	bought	bought	buying
ловить	catch	caught	caught	catching
выбирать	choose	chose	chosen	choosing
приходить	come	came	come	coming
стоить	cost	cost	cost	costing
резать	cut	cut	cut	cutting
иметь дело с...	deal [di:l]	dealt [delt]	dealt [delt]	dealing
копать	dig	dug	dug	digging
делать	do	did	done	doing
рисовать	draw	drew	drawn	drawing
пить	drink	drank	drunk	drinking
вести машину	drive	drove	driven	driving
есть, кушать	eat	ate	eaten	eating
падать	fall	fell	fallen	falling
кормить	feed	fed	fed	feeding
чувствовать	feel	felt	felt	feeling
бороться, сражаться	fight	fought	fought	fighting
искать	find	found	found	finding
летать	fly	flew	flown	flying
запрещать	forbid	forbade	forbidden	forbidding
забывать	forget	forgot	forgotten	forgetting
прощать	forgive	forgave	forgiven	forgiving
замораживать, остужать	freeze	froze	frozen	freezing
получать	get	got	got	getting
давать	give	gave	given	giving
идти	go	went	gone [ga:n]	going
расти	grow	grew	grown	growing
вешать	hang	hung	hung	hanging
иметь	have	had	had	having
слушать	hear	heard	heard	hearing
прятаться	hide	hid	hidden	hiding
нажимать, ударять	hit	hit	hit	hitting
держать	hold	held	held	holding
наносить вред	hurt	hurt	hurt	hurting
хранить	keep	kept	kept	keeping
знать	know	knew	known	knowing
класть, уложить	lay	laid	laid	laying
опережать, лидировать	lead	led	led	leading
покидать	leave	left	left	leaving
сдавать в аренду	lend	lent	lent	lending
разрешать	let	let	let	letting
лежать	lie	lay	lain	lying
освещать, зажигать	light	lit	lit	lighting
терять	lose [lu:z]	lost	lost	losing
делать	make	made	made	making
значить	mean	meant	meant	meaning
встречать	meet	met	met	meeting
платить	pay	paid	paid	paying
класть, ложить	put	put	put	putting
читать	read [ri:d]	read [red]	read [red]	reading
ехать	ride	rode	ridden	riding
звонить	ring	rang	rung	ringing
подниматься	rise	rose	risen	rising
бежать	run [ran]	ran [ren]	run [ran]	running
сказать, говорить	say	said	said	saying
видеть	see	saw	seen	seeing
искать	seek	souhgt	souhgt	seeking
продавать	sell	sold	sold	selling
отправлять	send	sent	sent	sending
вставлять, ставить, устанавливать	set	set	set	setting
шить	sew	sewed	sewn/sewed	sewing
трясти	shake	shook	shaken	shaking
сиять, светить	shine	shone	shone	shining
стрелять	shoot	shot	shot	shooting
показывать, представлять	show	showed	shown	showing
сжиматься, уменьшаться	shrink	shrank	shrunk	shrinking
захлопывать, закрывать	shut	shut	shut	shutting
петь	sing	sang	sung	singing
тонуть	sink	sank	sunk	sinking
сидеть	sit	sat	sat	sitting
спать	sleep	slept	slept	sleeping
говорить	speak	spoke	spoken	speaking
проводить	spend	spent	spent	spending
расщеплять	split	split	split	splitting
распространяться, распространять	spread [spred]	spread	spread	spreading
происходить, возникать	spring	sprang	sprung	springing
стоять, вставать	stand	stood	stood	standing
украсть, воровать	steal	stole	stolen	stealing
втыкать, приклеивать	stick	stuck	stuck	sticking
жалить, укалывать	sting	stung	stung	stinging
вонять, смердеть	stink	stank	stunk	stinking
бастовать, ударять	strike	struck	struck	striking
клясться, ругаться	swear	swore	sworn	swearing
подметать	sweep	swept	swept	sweeping
плавать	swim	swam	swum	swimming
брать	take	took	taken	taking
учить	teach	taught	taught	teaching
разрывать	tear [tea]	tore	torn	tearing
говорить, сообщать	tell	told	told	telling
думать	think	thought	thought	thinking
бросать, кидать	throw	threw	thrown	throwing
понимать	understand	understood	understood	understanding
будить	wake	woke	woken	waking
носить	wear [wea]	wore	worn	wearing
побеждать	win	won	won	winning
писать	write	wrote	written	writing

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