- •Сучасна стоматологія. Відомі відкриття у стоматології……………...169
- •1. My future profession моя майбутня спеціальність
- •My future profession
- •2. Odessa state medical university одеський державний медичний університет
- •Odessa state medical university
- •3. Nikolay ivanovich pirogov микола іванович пирогов
- •Nikolay ivanovich pirogov
- •From theory to surgery
- •4. Human body будова тіла людини
- •Human body
- •5. The oral cavity ротова порожнина
- •The oral cavity
- •Some facts from the history of medicine and dentistry
- •Anatomy of a tooth анатомія зуба
- •Anatomy of a tooth Structure of the Teeth
- •Cementum
- •Dentine
- •Supporting Structures
- •Anatomy of individual teeth
- •7. Sets of teeth
- •Sets of teeth
- •The number and surfaces of the teeth кількість та поверхні зубів
- •The number of the teeth The Deciduous Teeth
- •The Permanent Teeth
- •Surfaces of the teeth
- •9. Dental formulas. Tooth roots зубна формула. Корні зубів
- •Dental formulas
- •Tooth roots
- •Tooth roots
- •10. Oral hygiene гігієна ротової порожнини
- •Oral hygiene and the prevention of dental disease
- •Tooth brushing and plaque removal
- •11. Caries. Causes of caries карієс. Причини карієсу
- •Caries. Causes of caries
- •12. Pulp diseases хвороби пульпи
- •Pulp diseases
- •13. Periodontal diseases хвороби періодонта
- •Periodontal diseases
- •(Down, by, to, of, at, in, on, with)
- •14. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis лікування виразкового гінгівіту
- •Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- •(Down, after, off, for, by, to, from, of, at, in, on, with, before)
- •15. The examination of the oral cavity огляд ротової поожнини
- •The examination of the oral cavity
- •Examination of the teeth
- •16. Case his tories історія хвороби. Стоматологічний аналіз
- •Case history
- •Case history
- •17. Dental radiography стоматологічна рентгенологія
- •Dental radiography
- •18. Dental anesthesia стоматологічна анестезія
- •Dental anesthesia
- •19. Analgetics in dentistry анальгетики у стоматологічній практиці
- •Analgetics in dentistry
- •20. Dental instruments стоматологічне обладнання
- •Dental instruments
- •21. At a chemist’s в аптеці
- •At the chemist’s
- •22. Oral candidiasis кандидоз ротової порожнини
- •Oral candidiasis
- •Classification
- •Risk factors
- •Management
- •Prognosis
- •23. Teeth malformation аномалії розвитку зубів
- •Teeth malformation
- •Teeth malformation
- •24. Oral cancer рак ротової порожнини
- •Oral cancer
- •(By, to, of, at, in, on, with)
- •25. Writing a summary складання summary
- •Writing a summary
- •Cleft lip (harelip)
- •Odontogenic cysts
- •26. Blood кров. Зараження крові
- •27. Systems of the body системи організму людини
- •Systems of the body
- •28. History of dentistry історія стоматології
- •History of dentistry
- •History of dentistry
- •29. The evolution of dental technologies. Modern dental technologies сучасна стоматологія. Відомі відкриття у стоматології
- •The evolution of dental technologies
- •Modern dental technologies
- •Modern dental technologies
- •Air Abrasion
- •Bone Replacement
Anatomy of a tooth анатомія зуба
PART I
PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS
Exercise 1. Learn the following words:
visible [vizibl] видимий
hidden [hidn] прихований
junction ['dƷΛnkʃn] з’єднання
to be called [kɔ:ld] називатися
sensitive ['sensitiv] чутливий
to cover ['kΛvǝ] покривати
hard [hard] твердий
undergo ['Λndǝgǝu] підлягати
to cause [kɔ:z] визивати
decay [di'kei] гниття
injury ['indƷǝri] пошкодження
process ['prǝuses] процес
rod [rɔd] смужка
angle ['æŋgl] кут
surface ['sǝ:fis] поверхня
soft [sɔft] м’який
unlike [Λn'laik] на відміну
vessel [vesl] судина; посудина
foramen [fɔ'reimǝn] отвір
chamber ['tʃeimbǝ] камера
occur [ǝ’kǝ:] відбуватися; проявлятися
layer ['leiǝ] шар
repair [п'реǝ] відновлення
bundle ['bΛndl] пучок
Exercise 2. Remember the pronunciation of the following anatomical terms:
Crown [kraun], apex ['eipeks], enamel [i'næmǝl], dentine ['denti:n], root [ru:t], cementum [si'mentǝm], pulp [рΛ1р], fissure ['fiʃǝ], cusp [kΛsp], jaw [dƷɔ:].
Exercise 3. Define the structure of the compound words and translate them:
a) notebook, birthday, homework, headache, newspaper.
b) writer, lecturer, helper, examiner, teacher, to replace, to remove, to rewrite.
Exercise 4. Form verbs from the following nouns with the help of conversion and translate them:
a house, a group, a place, a head, an end, a form, a line, an act, a pass, a help, a name.
Exercise 5. Translate the following adverbs formed with the help of the suffix -ly:
Quickly, daily, normally, intensely, badly, really, weekly, purely, fully, obliquely
Exercise 6. Match two columns of symptoms and translate them:
appear a. reason
cover b. evident
sensitive c. restore
injury d. take place
visible e. protect
occur f. arise
repair g. painful
cause h. decompose
decay i. damage
Exercise 6. Read and translate the text:
Anatomy of a tooth Structure of the Teeth
Every tooth consists of a crown, a neck and one or more roots. The crown is the part visible in the mouth and the root is the part hidden inside the jaw. The junction of crown and root is called the neck and the end of the root is called the apex. Every tooth is composed of enamel, dentine, cementum and pulp.
Enamel
This is the outer covering of the crown and is the hardest substance in the body. It is insensitive to pain. Unlike most other body tissues it cannot undergo repair; thus any damage caused by decay or injury is permanent. The microscope shows that it consists of long solid rods, called enamel prisms, cemented together by the interprismatic substance. The prisms run roughly at right angles to the surface.