- •Англ1йська мова
- •Видано за рахунок державних коштчв. Продаж заборонено.
- •Contents
- •I ntr о цш cto ry review
- •Read the article quickly. Refer its
- •Read the article again and discuss the questions in groups.
- •Present time
- •Past time
- •Future time
- •Ask and answer in pairs.
- •Read the instructions and write a letter.
- •5J Discuss the following questions in groups.
- •A) Skim the short article in one minute. Which of the following sentences describes the main idea of the text?
- •Look at the numbers below and say what they refer to. Match each number with its reference.
- •Scan the text again in 30 seconds to check your answers in (b).
- •3A bateau [’baetao] — плоскодонний човен
- •In groups, try to find as many English words that have entered your language as you can. The winner is the group with the longest list. Set a time limit.
- •Make the longest meaningful sentence using these words.
- •Indirect questions
- •Implication (,impirkei(n| вппутуваиия;
- •Пщручник для 11 класу загальноосвггжх навчальних закладйв. Р1вень стандарту
- •Видано за рахунок дсржавних коигпв. Продаж заборонений.
- •46006, М. Тернопть, вул. Гайова, 8 Свщоцтво про внесения до Державного реестру суб’ектш видавничо! справи tp Ne 28 вщ 9.06.2005 р.
- •61024. М. Харюв, вул ОльмЫського. 17.
- •Work in groups.
- •Interview one of the students to find out what helps him/her to achieve good results in this or that subject.
- •Share your results with other groups.
- •Read the text (page 24) and complete its paragraphs (1-7) with the suitable words or word combinations (a-g).
- •In groups, discuss why different types of dictionaries are valuable.
- •Vocabulary °
- •Refer each sentence to the correct type of Conditionals (I or II).
- •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate form of the verb in brackets.
- •It sounds like...
- •It reminds me of ...
- •1 The case for coeds1
- •Is a person or company that
- •Introductory paragraph Paragraph 1
- •Introductory paragraph Paragraph 1
- •1Лаааая
- •3Rd conditional
- •Complete the text with the words from the box.
- •VMtTariah TtRriMl maDt vith qoat's che.E.Sl amo auurgiMtS
- •I'll find out what's happened to it.
- •Work in pairs. Find out which of the above dishes your partner would or wouldn't like to try and why.
- •Use the reporting verbs in brackets to report the following statements.
- •Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue with the sentences below (a-f) and dramatise It
- •The Traditional Healthy
- •Vegetarian Diet Pyramid
- •Is it possible for everyone to follow such a diet? Is it necessary to do so?
- •If it Is advisable to do so or not?
- •Introductory paragraph Paragraph 1
- •Introductory paragraph Paragraph 1
- •Visit their website: network.Org.Ua or call.
- •If you have any questions about
- •It's free!
- •1 A) Guess the meanings of the following words (1-6) and match them with their definitions (a-f).
- •Infinitive and gerund (-4ng form) revision
- •6 F Listen to the song and sing it along.
- •It note for note,
- •4) In groups, choose one of the topics (ы0) and discuss it. Complete the table 'Problems. Solutions. Results'. See the example on oaae 229
- •Politics
- •Gerund (-ing form)
- •Participle I (0,1, II, III)
Indirect questions
form Indirect questions do not have the question word order and the auxiliary do
is not used There is no tense change in indirect questions use To make questions sound more pofcte and formal
Note: Indirect questions begin with expressions like.
Could you teU me.. .? WoukJyou mind teUing me...? Do you know...?
DIRECT QUESTION |
INDIRECT QUESTION |
Why did you go to town? How do you turn the computer on? What time are you leaving? |
Would you mind telling me why you went to town? Could 1 ask how you turn the computer on? Could you tell me what time you are leaving? |
TIME
CLAUSES
time
expression
example
until
/
by
the time =
up to the
time
wtven
by
=
not later than
when
=
at the time
as
soon as =
immediately after
before
=
earlier than
after
=
later than
once
■
after
while
/
as
in
case =
because (condition)
You
must stay until
the
President gets here By
the time he
arrives, the boat will have left.
Let
me know by
Sunday
if you can come My voice hurts when
1
speak.
As
soon as dinner
is cooked, we will eat!
1
must get to the bank before
it
closes
1
will ring you after
Mark
has left
Once
1
have decided where to go. 1 will book my holiday.
He
rang while
1
was watching television.
1
saw him as
1
left the office 1 win take my umbrella in
case it
rains.
GERUNDS
AND INFINITIVES
GERUND
(-ing
form used as a noun)
INFINITIVE
with
to
INFINITIVE
without
to
Swimming
is
good for you 1
enjoy
swimming
Common
verbs and phrases followed by a gerund -ing
form: admit,
avoid, deny, can't help, do you mind?, consider, dislike, enjoy,
feel like, rmish. give up. imagine, mention, practise, nsk,
suggest
1
want to watch TV
this evening
Common
verbs and phrases followed by an infinitive with to:
afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask. attempt, begin
*, can
t stand', care, choose, consent, continue, decide, expect, fail,
forget, happen, hate', help, hesttate. hope, intond’. learn,
like*.
love’,
manage, mean, offer, ought, prefer*
prepare,
pretend, promise, refuse, regret\
remember’.
seem, start", swear, try’, want, wish
1
would rather play
tennis
Common
verbs and phrases followed by an infinitive without to. can.
could,
may, might, must, shall, will, would rather
Note:
The
verbs marked * can be followed by either an infinitive without to
or a
gerund -ing
form, but
there may be a change In meaning.
QUESTION TAGS
Question
tags often
follow sentences in speech and informal writing. We use them when we
want to check if something is true.
use
example
This
is a regular statement but if we are not sure, we can check by
adding a question tag.
We
are playing tennis this afternoon, aren’t
we?
The
meaning of a question tag is: ‘Is it true?' ‘Do you agree?’
form
example
We
mako the question tag in the same way we make an ordinary
question, it consists of an
auxiliary ♦ a pronoun. But
when the main sentence is positive, the question tag is
negative.
When
the mam sentence is negative, the question tag is positive.
She
is very nice, isn’t
she?
You
don’t know the answer, do
you?
use |
example |
If there is only the verb be in the mam sentence, we repeat it in the question tag. |
It is a nice day. isn’t It? Mrs Green wasn't at home, was she? |
But:
I'm
very late, aren’t
I?
The
question tag for I’m
is
aren’t
I?
use
example
If
there is a modal auxiliary verb (can,
could, must, should, will, would, etc.)
In the mam sentence, we repeat it in the question tag.
If
there is an auxiliary verb (be.
have, do)
in the main sentence, we repeat it in the question tag
If
there is no auxiliary verb in the main sentence, we use do
in
the question tag.
You
can't understand me. can
you? They
should be here, shouldn't
they? Peter
could help us, couldn’t
he?
You
won't tell anyone, will
you?
She
is doing well, isn't
she?
It
was raining, wasn't
It?
You
haven't seen Jack, have
you? Your
mum doesn't speak German, does
she?
She
didn't lose the tickets, did
she? You
play the piano, don’t
you?
Tim
gave you this book, didn’t
he?
A
AIDS |емк| СНЩ
absorb ab'saib! вбирати, всмсжтувати abuse (a'bju:z| обрахати. злоеживати access !'a*kse*| 1. п. доступ; 2 v. мати доступ, одержати доступ acquire |a’kwaia| набувати. здобувати;
одержувати adherence [ad'huronsl лрихильнють;
суооре додержання adolescent (^eda'lrsntl юнак, д1вчина. пщлпок
advance Ud’va:ns] просування; ycnix; прогрес
affect la'fekt] впливати; хвилювати, зворушувати affectionate [a'fekjamtl люблячий, жжний: пристрасний allege [alcdsl твердит и посилатися (на щось)
ambitious честолюбний; що
прагме (чогось, до чогосъ) angle l>ogl| кут appealing (a'pi:h[)] благальний;
эворушливий; привабливий appreciate |a'pri;ji«t| оц)нювати, цЫувати argue I'a <jju:| слеречатися;
аргументувати переконувати arrangement (of) la'rcmdjmantl влорядкування; розташування; домовлеиють assault |a‘s>-lt] насилувати; ('валтувати assessment IVsesniant) оцжка, ои1нюеання assist la'sistl доломагати, сприяти attend («‘tend] бути присутн!м, вщвщувати; придшяти увагу; тклуватися, турбуватися authorise ['э.багаи] уповноважувати;
доручати authorities I .^:’0«>r«tiz) органи влади autonomous [y'tDnamasJ автономний available la'veilabll доступний, наявний be available бути наявним avalanche ('asvalonjl сэеговий обвал.
лавина average I'a-vandjl середнм avoid У void 1 уникати
В
ban jbxni заборомяти bandage baendidjl бинт, пов язка be grounded ('румтуватися be jailed бути ув'язненим be obliged (to) бути эобов'язаним (змушеним) be satisfied with бути задоволеним ч им ось
be sinking out of sight зникати з поля эору
be well regarded (in) добре котируватися become commonplace стати
заичайною р«ччю; стати банальним benefit | 'beniiit I давати користь.
доломагати. одержувати користь blame (bleim] звинувачувати; вважати винмим
blizzard I'bhzadj зав1рюха, хуртовина boost |bu:st] П|дн!мати; доломагати тдмятися; рекламувати; пщвищувати
(фу)
brain drain [Ъгеш drein] вщплив М1зюв breakdown ['breikdaonl цшковите знесилення. паджня; розруха breakthrough |'bretk0ru:| прорив, велике досягнення bricklayer I'bnklcia] муляр
С
cantankerous (’kan'tiiegkras) сварливий.
причепливий capture l'kaept(a] брати в попон.
стймати, схопити; привертати (увагу) carpenter |’ka:panta| тесляр; столяр carry out доводити до мнця; виконувати catch smb's breath эатамувати подих cause |кэ:г \ причина; пщетава; привцд cheat (tjit| обманювати. обдурювати cherish I'tjerij) плекати; тнувати civic I‘s«vik] громадянський, цившьний coach |kaot(] карета; репетитор; тренер.
(нструктор coherent [kao'hiarant] зв'язаний; лопчно
ЛОСЛ1ДОВНИЙ
common ! komanl звичайний; епшьний have (a lot) in common мати щось (багато) cninbMo (cninbHoro) commonplace I'komanpleis) звичайна ргч; банальнють community (ka’mju:niti | громада, община compress (kam'presl стискувати conceal (kan'si:l| ховати, приховувати concise (kan'saisl стислий, короткий conclude |kan'klu:d| укладати (догоФр); робити висновок
conclusion Ikan'klujnl завершения;
висмоеок conduct |k»n‘dAkt| вести; проводити conduct a survey проводити опитування. огляд confidence 'kon(id;wi»l Aoeipa;
упевненмггь consequent |T(onsikwant) послщовний.
що e результатом (чогооь) considerable Ikan'stdarabll значний contradictory |.ki>ntra'dikt?ri|
п. суперечпиве тверджения;
adj. суперечливий
contribute |kan'tribju:t| сприяти: робити млад
conviction Ikan'vikjnl засудження;
переконамня convince |kan'vins| переконувати соре with smth справитися, упоратися
чимосъ
courgette |koV\fl| кабачок course |lo:s| курс; шлях; страва court |k;>:t| суд; fleip: корт, майданчи* couscous |*ku sku:s| кускус
(п!вн1чмоафриканська страва i3 пшеничноТ крупи) crucial I'kruJI) вирпиальний cuisine |kwi'ri:n) кухня curriculum Ika'rikjalaml курс навчаиия; навчальиий план; роз клад
D
damage (’dx-midj) заадавати збитюв (шкоди); пошкоджувати decay |di~kei] гнити. розкладатися degree Idt'gri: | ступень; градус
Bachelor/Master's degree ступ1нь бакалавка/маг1стра deliberate Idilibarat I навмисний;
обдуманий delinquency Idi'lipkwansij элочинмгсть (неповиолггн)х) desirable [di'zaiarablj бажаний, жадаиий
despite smth (di'spaitl незаажаючи на
щось
device [di'vaisl план; прийом; пристрм, мехамзм devote [di'vaotl присвячувати devote one's life to science присвячувати свое життя иауц) devote smb to smth приршати когось на щось
directory fd»'rektari] дов1дник. покажчик; адресна книга; алфав1п*ий список (будь-яких даних), каталог disaster |drio;st»| лихо, б«да. катастрофа disgrace |<lis'grcis| 1. л. ганьба.
беэчестя; 2 v ганьбити. безчестити distinguished Idi'stipgwi^t I вщомий, видагний distraction (dr*triek}n| В1Двоткання у ваги; неуважмстъ; розвага diversity |dai’v3:wti| р*»номан1тн1сть, р13номан1ття dough |do<)l| Ticro: паста draughts [dro:fts| шашки (гра) play draughts грати e шашки dreadful ['dredfll жахливий. страшний drought Idraot) nocyxa. засуха drug |drA{)| л1ки; наркотик
E
employee Iim'pbii:| службовець, прашвник employer |im”pbia| роботодавець engage Itn'geidjl займатися
be engaged (in) займатися (чимосъ). бути зайнятим (чимосъ) enliven lin'laivn] ложвавлювати;
надихати enterprise I'cntapraul п1дпр**емство entertain |,епОЧет] розважати, забавляти entertainer (.enU'tcmal естрадний артист; конферансье entertainment Unta'teinmant] розвага oscape ! i'skci pi ут*кти; униккути essential I I’.senjl I необх<дний; ictothhh exhausted |ifl’z3-Sttd! виснажений.
змучений existence |ig’zistans| «смуванмя exponent iik'*paon.»nt] 1итерпретатор; викомавець (муэичного твору): представник (теорй), тип, зразок; екслонент exposition l.ekspa'zijnl виставка, експозиц1я extended lik'stendidl роэтягнений;
розшпрений, продовжений; тривалий extensive |ik‘*lemiv] обширний. широкий; далекосяжний
F
facility lla'silitil здатнють. ум1ния;
доступн!сть; pi можливосп умови, р) устаткування, обладнання, пристроТ
faint-hearted .feint Ъа:Ы) боягузливий, легкодухий favoured i'Feivadj прившейований; що мае nepeeary
•ntk.i/Llm -•
reel a lump In smb's throat ощчувяти клубок у гора fit (ht] 1. v. в1дпов1дати (чоиусь): годитися; пасу лат и (до чогось)
2. ad) здоровий, у добрш форм1 stay fit перебуяати у хорош* форм, гидтримувати форму flaky |‘fl«iki ] пласпвмастий fleeting (li:tir)| скоромииучий float |fl*ot| ппаватм, триматися на поверю*; пливти fluent ('flu anti плавкий шльний (про люву)
forbid |f»T»di (forbad, forbade: forbidden) заборонят и fossil I'fusll схам'яншють: вичопна тварина
foundation course п|дготоечий. баэовий курс
founder ['faondal засновиик freedom I’fri dam) свобода. воля frequency |‘fri:kwansi| частота: чаете поеторювання frequent i1ri;k«»nt| частий; часто поеторюваний freshman I'fre^mani першокурсник.
амер. новачок (у шкот) fuel |*lju all палиао; пальме fussy |1да1| метушлиеий
G
generous ['djenoras] шедрий get exposure бути висв1тленим get insight (into) проникнути в суть get on well ладити (з кимсь) give due to the memory вщдавати належне пам'ял global warming |.glaobl Vj-mipl глобальне потепления goal |gaol| мета, цшь graduate I'grsNiyiat] вмлускник вищого начального закладу, амер. той. що заюичив навмальний заклад graduate (from) I'grjrdjjueit) эакжчувати навчальний заклад greenhouse gas (.grhnhaus 'g*s| ларниковий газ
H
hailstorm (lieibtxnil гроза з градом злива: сильний град handle |'h*ndl| керувати; упоретися з
•1ЯМК
helicopter I'helikaptal вертоли highlight IliaiUitl видшяти. яскраво осв1тлювати high-tech (also hi-tech British) iJiai "tek|
п. сучасна гехнемюпя,
асф. високотехнолопчний HIV-positive i.eitj ai vi: 'poiattvl В1Л-
позитивний
I
immensely It'mettsli] дуже, надзвичайно, надм1рио