- •Глава 1. Методические указания по выполнению и оформлению контрольных работ
- •Глава II. Содержание обучения английскому языку для заочного отделения
- •Глава III. Контрольные работы
- •1 Курс 1 семестр
- •Контрольная работа №1 Вариант 1
- •1. Complete the sentences. Use the verb “to be” in the Present Indefinite Tense.
- •2. Use “to be” or “to have” in one of the Indefinite Tenses (Past, Present, Future).
- •3. Put the words in the right order.
- •4. Make the following nouns plural.
- •5. Choose the correct noun.
- •6. Use nouns in the possessive case instead of prepositional phrases.
- •7. Translate into English using possessive case.
- •9. Choose the right variant.
- •10. Choose the right variant.
- •11. Use articles where necessary.
- •12. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.
- •13. Give three forms of the verbs. Translate them into Russian.
- •Use the correct tense forms (Present, Past or Future Indefinite).
- •15. Translate into English. Use Present, Past or Future Indefinite.
- •16. Read the text.
- •1 Курс, 1 семестр Контрольная работа №1 Вариант 2
- •10. Choose the right variant.
- •11. Use articles where necessary.
- •12. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.
- •13. Give three forms of the verbs. Translate them into Russian.
- •14. Use the correct tense forms (Present, Past or Future Indefinite).
- •15. Translate into English. Use Present, Past or Future Indefinite.
- •16. Read the text.
- •1 Курс, 1 семестр Контрольная работа №1 Вариант 3
- •3. Put the words in the right order.
- •4. Make the following nouns plural.
- •5. Choose the correct noun.
- •10. Choose the right variant.
- •11. Use articles where necessary.
- •12. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.
- •13. Give three forms of the verbs. Translate them into Russian.
- •14. Use the correct tense forms (Present, Past or Future Indefinite).
- •15. Translate into English. Use Present, Past or Future Indefinite.
- •16. Read the text.
- •1 Курс, 1 семестр Контрольная работа №1 Вариант 4
- •3. Put the words in the right order.
- •4. Make the following nouns plural.
- •5. Choose the correct noun.
- •10. Choose the right variant.
- •11. Use articles where necessary.
- •12. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.
- •13. Give three forms of the verbs. Translate them into Russian.
- •14. Use the correct tense forms (Present, Past or Future Indefinite).
- •15. Translate into English. Use Present, Past or Future Indefinite.
- •16. Read the text.
- •Защита контрольной работы включает умение объяснить употребление любого изученного грамматического явления.
- •1 Курс 2 семестр.
- •Контрольная работа №2 Вариант 1
- •1. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Continuous Tense.
- •2. Use the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous Tense.
- •3. Use the correct form of the verb “to be” (the Present Continuous or the Past Continuous Tenses).
- •4. Use the Past Indefinite or the Past Continuous, the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous.
- •5. Match parts I and II.
- •6. Translate into English (use Indefinite or Continuous Tense forms).
- •7. Make the following sentences interrogative.
- •8. Choose the right variant.
- •9. Use “some”, “any”, “no” or their derivatives.
- •10. Choose the right pronoun.
- •11. Insert “much”, “many”, “little”, “few”, “a little”, “a few”.
- •1 Курс 2 семестр Контрольная работа №2
- •2 Вариант
- •5. Match parts I and II.
- •6. Translate into English. Use Indefinite or Continuous Tense forms.
- •1 Курс 2 семестр Контрольная работа №2
- •3 Вариант
- •3. Use the correct form of the verb “to be” (the Present Continuous or the Past Continuous Tenses).
- •4. Use the Past Indefinite or the Past Continuous, the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous Tenses.
- •5. Match parts I and II.
- •6. Translate into English. Use Indefinite or Continuous Tense forms.
- •7. Make the following sentences interrogative.
- •8. Choose the right variant
- •9. Use “some”, “any”, “no” or their derivatives.
- •Choose the right pronoun.
- •17. Translate the text into Russian in written form.
- •18. Make up all possible types of questions (general, alternative, disjunctive, special, question to the subject).
- •19. Answer the questions on the text in written form.
- •1 Курс 2 семестр Контрольная работа №2
- •4 Вариант
- •5. Match parts I and II.
- •Choose the right pronoun.
- •11. Insert “much”, “many”, “little”, “few”, “a little”, “a few”.
- •Защита контрольной работы включает умение объяснить употребление любого изученного грамматического явления.
- •2 Курс 3 семестр
- •Контрольная работа № 3 Вариант 1
- •1. Put the adverbs and prepositions in the right place.
- •2. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect Tense.
- •3. Open the brackets using the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite Tenses.
- •4. Put the verb into the most suitable form, the Past Perfect or the Past Indefinite.
- •5. Use the correct tense form (Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect Tenses).
- •6. Translate into English.
- •7. Choose the right variant of the adjective or the adverb.
- •8. Match the opposites.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Use the necessary modal verbs (can, may, must, have to, should, need, to be allowed to, to be able to). Use the right tense form.
- •11. Match part 1 and 2.
- •12. Choose the proper preposition.
- •Separate the two mixed stories.
- •14. Read the text.
- •15. Translate the sentences into Russian in written form. Put down the numbers of the sentences, which correspond to the context.
- •16. Put all types of questions to the next sentences.
- •17. Answer the questions on the text.
- •18. Give a short summary of the text (10 –15 sentences).
- •2 Курс 3 семестр Контрольная работа №3 Вариант 2
- •1. Put the adverbs and prepositions in the right place.
- •12. Choose the proper preposition.
- •13. Separate the two mixed stories and put the sentences in the proper order. Give their titles.
- •14. Read the text.
- •15. Translate the sentences into Russian in written form. Put down the numbers of the sentences, which correspond to the context.
- •2 Курс 3 семестр Контрольная работа №3 Вариант 3
- •2. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect Tense.
- •3. Open the brackets using the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite Tenses.
- •4. Put the verb into the most suitable form, the Past Perfect or the Past Indefinite Tense.
- •5. Use the correct tense form (Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect Tenses) .
- •6. Translate into English.
- •7. Choose the right variant of the adjective or adverb.
- •8. Match the opposites.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Use the necessary modal verbs (can, may, must, have to, should, need, to be allowed to, to be able to). Use the right tense form.
- •11. Match part 1 and 2.
- •12. Choose the proper preposition.
- •13. Find the right order of the sentences. Give the title to the story.
- •14. Read the text.
- •15. Translate the sentences into Russian in written form. Put down the numbers of the sentences, which correspond to the context.
- •2 Курс 3 семестр Контрольная работа №3 Вариант 4
- •2. Put the verb in brackets using the Present Perfect.
- •3. Open the brackets using the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite Tenses.
- •4. Put the verb into the most suitable form, the Past Perfect or the Past Indefinite Tense.
- •5. Use the correct tense form (Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect Tenses).
- •6. Translate into English.
- •7. Choose the right variant of the adjective or adverb.
- •8. Match the opposites.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Use the necessary modal verbs (can, could, may, might, must, have to, should, need, to be allowed to, to be able to). Use the right tense form.
- •11. Match part 1 and 2.
- •12. Choose the proper preposition.
- •13. Find the right order of the sentences. Give the title to the story.
- •14. Read the text.
- •15. Translate the sentences into Russian in written form. Put down the numbers of the sentences, which correspond to the context.
- •Защита контрольной работы предполагает умение объяснить употребление любого изученного грамматического явления.
- •2 Курс, 4 семестр
- •Контрольная работа № 4 Вариант 1
- •Translate into Russian the following word families and word combinations.
- •2. Underline the verbs in the Passive Voice, write down in what tenses they are used and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Put the verbs in brackets in the proper tense (Present, Past, Future Indefinite)and voice.
- •4. Change the following sentences from active to passive form (keep the same tense with each change).
- •5. Translate into English using the Passive voice.
- •6. Change into indirect speech.
- •7. Underline the verbs in the object clauses, write down the tenses in which they are used and translate the sentences.
- •4. Change the following sentences from active to passive form (Keep the same tense with each change).
- •Translate into English using the Passive voice.
- •6. Change into indirect speech.
- •7. Underline the verbs in the object clauses, write down the tenses in which they are used and translate the sentences.
- •8. Translate the following sentences into English using the rules of the Sequence of Tenses.
- •9. Match part I and part II.
- •10. Underline the clauses and translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •11. Choose the right variant.
- •12. Read the text.
- •13. Translate the marked paragraphs of the text into Russian.
- •Put all types of questions to the next sentences.
- •Read the next sentences and mark the sentences, which are true to the text.
- •Underline the verbs in the Passive Voice, write down in what tenses they are used and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •3. Put the verbs in brackets in the proper tense (Present, Past, Future Indefinite) and voice.
- •4. Change the following sentences from active to passive form. (Keep the same tense with each change).
- •5. Translate into English using the Passive voice.
- •6. Change into indirect speech.
- •7. Underline the verbs in the object clauses, write down the tenses in which they are used and translate the sentences.
- •13. Translate the marked paragraphs of the text into Russian.
- •Put all types of questions to the next sentences.
- •Read the next sentences and mark the sentences, which are true to the text.
- •Underline the verbs in the Passive Voice, write down in what tenses they are used and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Put the verbs in brackets in the proper tense (Present, Past, Future Indefinite Tenses) and voice.
- •Change the following sentences from active to passive form. (Keep the same tense with each change).
- •5. Translate into English using the Passive voice.
- •6. Change into indirect speech.
- •7. Underline the verbs in the object clauses, write down the tenses in which they are used and translate the sentences.
- •8. Translate the following sentences into English using the rules of the
- •9. Match part I and part II.
- •10. Underline the clauses and translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •11. Choose the right variant.
- •12. Read the text.
- •4. Choose the right form of the Participle.
- •Underline the Gerund and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Use Infinitive or Gerund.
- •7. Read and translate the text in written form.
- •Answer the questions in the written form.
- •9. Put all types of questions to the sentences.
- •3 Курс 5 семестр.
- •Underline the infinitive and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Translate the following sentences into English using Complex object.
- •3. Encircle the Participles, mark the Present Participle with “Pres.” and Past Participle with “Past” and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Choose the correct form of the Participle.
- •Underline the Gerund and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Use Infinitive or Gerund.
- •7. Read and translate the text in written form.
- •Translate the sentences into English using Complex Object.
- •Encircle the Participles, mark the Present Participle with “Pres.” and Past Participle with “Past” and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Choose the correct form of the Participle.
- •Underline the Gerund and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Use Infinitive or Gerund.
- •Read and translate the text in written form.
- •Answer the questions in written form.
- •Put all types of questions to the sentences.
- •3 Курс 5 семестр.
- •Underline the infinitive and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Translate the sentences into English using Complex Object.
- •Encircle the Participles, mark the Present Participle with “Pres.” and Past Participle with “Past” and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Choose the right form of the Participle.
- •5. Underline the Gerund and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •6. Use Infinitive or Gerund.
- •7. Read and translate the text in written form.
- •Inauguration day
- •3. Put the verbs into the correct tense form.
- •4. Translate from Russian into English.
- •5. Put the sentences from direct into indirect speech.
- •6. Read and translate the text in written form.
- •3. Put the verbs into correct tense form .
- •4. Translate from Russian into English.
- •5. Put the sentences from direct into indirect speech.
- •6. Read and translate the text in written form.
- •Interpol.
- •3. Use the verbs in correct tense forms.
- •4. Translate from Russian into English.
- •5. Put the sentences from direct into indirect speech.
- •6. Read and translate the text in written form.
- •3. Use the verbs in the correct tense forms.
- •4. Translate from Russian into English.
- •5. Put the sentences from direct into indirect speech.
- •6. Read and translate the text in written form.
- •Глава IV. Базовые тексты устных тем.
- •1. (B) About Myself.
- •1. (C) About Myself.
- •2. (A) My working day.
- •2. (B) My working day.
- •3 . My Institute.
- •4. My Future Profession.
- •1 Курс. 2 семестр.
- •1. (A) Travelling.
- •2. Shopping.
- •3. Health Problems.
- •4. Minsk.
- •2 Курс 3 семестр.
- •1. (A) Great Britain.
- •1. (B)The uk Political System.
- •2. Parliament.
- •3. (A) Monarchy in Britain.
- •2 Курс 4 семестр.
- •1. English System of Law.
- •2. Judicial Profession in England
- •The Judicial System of the Republic of Belarus. Legal Professions in Belarus.
- •3 Курс 5 семестр.
- •1. The Constitution of the usa.
- •2. The us Government.
- •3. The President of the usa.
- •4. Congress.
- •III. Курс 6 семестр.
- •1. The us system of the courts.
- •2. Political parties in the usa.
- •3. Elections in the usa.
- •Глава V. Выражения и фразы для составления аннотации и пересказа текста.
2. Judicial Profession in England
Words and expressions
1. two main classes of lawyers
2. barristers
3. solicitors
4. legal business
5. to conduct the case
6. legal corporation
7. wigs and gowns
8. types of legal professions
9. jury
10. coroner
11. evidence
12. guilty or innocent
13. to conduct the proceeding
14. to put questions to the parties
15. unpaid
Lawyer is a person who has become officially qualified to act in certain legal matters because of examinations he has taken and professional experience he has hained. Different groups of lawyers take aparticular kind of examination in order to qualify to do particular jobs.
The legal profession is one of the most prestigious and well paid in Britain.
There are two main classes of lawyers in England – barristers and solicitors.
Solicitor takes legal business for ordinary people, gives advice to non-professional clients and prepares all the necessary documents for the barrister. There are about 50 000 solicitors and their number is increasing.
Barrister (professional advocates) conducts the case in the higher courts. He must pass the special legal exams and become a member of a legal corporation called “Inn of Court”. There are about 5 000 barristers. In court they wear wigs and gowns. The highest levels of barristers have the title QC (Queen’s Counsel).
There are other types of legal specialists in the UK: judges, magistrates, coroners, jury, and clerks of the court.
All serious crimes are tried in a court before a jury. Most men and women between the ages of 21 and 60 can be jurors. Usually jury consist of 12 people. They listen to the evidence in court and decide whether the defendant is guilty or innocent.
Judges are appointed from the barristers. There is no separate training for judges. Their functions are: to conduct the proceedings, put questions to the parties and witnesses, examine the documents and evidence, to pass the sentence.
Magistrates or Justices of the Peace judge cases in the lower courts. They are usually unpaid, have no legal qualifications.
Coroners have medical or legal training; they deal with unnatural deaths.
Clerks of the court look after administrative and legal matters in the courtroom.
The Judicial System of the Republic of Belarus. Legal Professions in Belarus.
Words and expressions
1. to resolve disputes
2. People’s assessors
3. district
12. regional
13. chairman
14. on the consent of...
4. courts of first and second instances 15. legal adviser
5. o pronounce verdicts 6. courts of cassation 7. participate in drawing up 8. concluded (with) 9. counsel for the defence 10. public prosecutor 11. investigator |
16. to be incorporated 17. all our citizens are equal before the law 18. the defendants are guaranteed the right to defence |
Belorussian courts are judicial organs of government, which resolve disputes of civil and criminal cases on the territory of Belarus. The Constitution of Belarus (Articles 151-161) provides the system of election of judges and People’s assessors and the collective order of trying criminal and civil cases in courts.
In general the court system is divided into 3 stages – district (municipal) People’s courts, regional courts and Minsk city court and the highest one –
the Supreme Court of the Republic of Belarus. It is the highest appellate court in our country. It is headed by the Chairman who is appointed by the President on the consent of the Counsel of the Republic.
Criminal and civil courts are distinguished as courts of first and second instances. Courts of first instance pronounce verdicts in criminal cases and pass judgement in civil cases after trial.
Courts of second instance are courts of cassation and can control the legality and justification of verdicts or judgement pronounced by courts of first instance.
In national economy lawyers are entrusted the control on the legality of orders and instructions issued by governing body: they participate in drawing up different agreements and contracts, which are concluded with other enterprises; lawyers also inform workers on the current legislation and give help in legal matters, conduct their cases in courts. So you may work as a judge, an advocate, a counsel for the defence, public prosecutor, procurator, notary, investigator, and legal adviser.
In addition to this professional group there are non-professional legal counsellors who give advice on various legal problems and are often employed by business firms.
All lawyers in our country are incorporated either in the national or regional bar. Members of the bar work at legal advisory offices, which function in every town administrative district.
All our citizens are equal before the law. Judges are elected for a term of 5 years. Not only professional lawyers but also the representatives of the population hear all criminal and civil cases having equal authority.
The defendants are guaranteed the right to defence. Proceedings of all courts are open. All people before the court are presumed innocent, until the court, having observed all procedural guarantees, finds them guilty. Only then is the sentence pronounced. An appeal can be made against the ruling to a higher court, right up to the Supreme Court.
Crime and Punishment.
Words and expressions
-
1. definition
2. a matter of difficulty
3. is punishable by the State
4. a violation of the public rights
5. breaches of law
6. occur
7. involves guilty conduct and
guilty intention
8. particularly grave offences
9. deprivation of liberty
10. death sentence
11. majority
12. corrective labour
The definition of a “crime” has always been a matter of difficulty and no really satisfactory definition of a “crime” has yet been evolved. You may say that “crime” is a violation of the public rights and duties, which is punishable by the State. But a distinction must be drawn between breaches of law which are crimes and those which are merely illegal without being criminal.
Besides, there are some acts, which are crimes in our country but not in another. For example, it is a crime to drink alcohol in Saudi Arabia, but not in Egypt. It is a crime to smoke marijuana in England, but not in the Netherlands. However, there are quite a lot of agreements among states as to which acts are criminal.
No one knows why crime occurs. Since the 18th century various scientific theories have been advanced to explain crime. But since the mid-20th century, the notion that crime can be explained by any single theory has fallen into disfavour among investigators. They explain it by so-called multiple factor, which includes biological, psychological, cultural, economic and political reasons.
As a general rule “crime” involves guilty conduct (actus Reus) and guilty intention (mens Rea).
Treason, sabotage, banditry, desertion at a time of war, armed robbery, premeditated murder, rape under aggravating circumstances and certain other singularly dangerous social crimes are qualified as particularly grave offences. In such an event deprivation of liberty of up to 15 years may be applied or the death sentence which is regarded as an exceptional measure. (The death penalty was abolished in Britain in 1969.)
The purpose of punishment is to reform the offender and to rehabilitate him, on the other hand when punish, we warn other people of what will happen if they break the law.
Criminal sentences ordinarily embrace four basic modes of punishment. In descending order of severity these are: incarceration, community supervision, fine, and restitution. The death penalty is now possible only for certain types of atrocious murders and treason. It is never applied in respect to persons under 18. The majority of criminal sanctions are confined to short terms of deprivation of liberty and penalties not involving deprivation of liberty: corrective labour and public censure.
Criminal and civil procedures are different.
Criminal actions are nearly always started by the state. Civil actions are started by individuals. The party brining a criminal action is called the prosecution, but the party brnging a civil action is called the plaintiff. In both kinds of action the other party is known as the defendant.
Types of punishment: community service, fixed penalty fine, suspended sentence, short-term imprisonment, probation, long-term imprisonment, capital punishment, life imprisonment, disciplinary training in a detention centre.
Types of crime: murder, shoplifting, rape, manslaughter, fraud, selling drugs, drinking and driving, robbery, possession of a gun without a licence, fight in a club, treason, theft, arson, pickpocketing, terrorism, blackmail, mugging, smuggling, bribery, burglary, hijacking, kidnapping, trespass