- •Contents
- •Введение
- •Формы контроля
- •Нормы оценки
- •Содержание курса «практическая фонетика английского языка»
- •1. Key words
- •2. Theoretical background
- •2.1 Organs of speech
- •2.2 Vowels and their classification
- •2.3 Consonants and their classification
- •Voiceless
- •2.4 Transcription
- •3. Self-check questions
- •4. English rhythm practice
- •Unit 2 friction consonants front and back vowels
- •1. Key words
- •2. Theoretical background
- •2.1 Friction consonants
- •2.2 Front and back vowels
- •3. Lab works
- •3.1 Lab work 2 English short vowels
- •3.2 Lab work 6 Fricatives and affricates
- •4. Self-check questions
- •5. English rhythm practice
- •1. Key words
- •2. Theoretical background
- •2.1 Stop consonants
- •2.2 Central vowels
- •2.3 Diphthongs and their classification
- •D iphthongs
- •2.4 Closing diphthongs
- •3. Lab works
- •3.1 Lab work 3 Long vowels
- •3.2 Lab work 4 Plosives
- •4. Self-check questions
- •5. English rhythm practice
- •Unit 4 nasal consonants centring diphthongs
- •1. Key words
- •2. Theoretical background
- •2.1 Nasal consonants
- •2.2 Centring diphthongs
- •3. Self-check questions
- •4. English rhythm practice
- •Unit 5 lateral consonant triphthongs
- •1. Key words
- •2. Theoretical background
- •2.1 Lateral consonant
- •2.2 Triphthongs
- •3. Lab works
- •3.1 Lab work 3 Diphthongs and triphthongs
- •3.2 Lab work 5 Revision
- •4. Self-check questions
- •5. English rhythm practice
- •Unit 6 gliding consonants
- •1. Key words
- •2. Theoretical background
- •2.1 Gliding consonants
- •3. Lab works
- •3.1 Lab work 7 Further consonants
- •4. Self-check questions
- •5. English rhythm practice
- •Unit 7 consonant clusters
- •1. Key words
- •2. Theoretical background
- •2.1 Initial consonant clusters
- •2.1.2 Combinations of alveolar consonants /t, d/ with /r/
- •2.1.3 Combinations of dental consonants /t, d/ with /r/
- •2.1.4 Combination of consonants with /w/
- •2.1.5 Sequences of three consonants initially
- •2.2 Final consonant clusters
- •2.2.8 Longer consonant sequences
- •3. Lab works
- •3.1 Lab work 8 Consonant clusters
- •4. Self-check questions
- •5. English rhythm practice
- •Unit 8 stress
- •1. Key words
- •2. Theoretical background
- •2.1 Word stress
- •2.2 Utterance stress
- •2.3 Weak and strong forms of words
- •3. Lab works
- •3.1 Lab work 9 Weak syllables
- •3.2 Lab work 10 Word stress
- •3.3 Lab work 11 Complex word stress
- •3.4 Lab work 12 Weak forms
- •3.5 Lab work 13 Revision
- •4. Additional exercises
- •5. Self-check questions
- •6. English rhythm practice
- •Unit 9 rhythm
- •1. Key words
- •2. Theoretical background
- •3. Self-check questions
- •4. English rhythm practice
- •Unit 10 fluency
- •1. Key words
- •2. Theoretical background
- •2.1 Linking
- •2.2 Changing word shapes
- •2.2.1 Alterations
- •2.2.2 Disappearances (elision)
- •3. Self-check questions
- •4. English rhythm practice
- •Unit 11
- •Intonation
- •1. Key words
- •2. Theoretical background
- •2.1 Intonation
- •2.2 Utterance and its structure
- •2.3 Tune shapes
- •2.3.1 The Glide-Down
- •2.3.2 The Glide-Up
- •2.3.3 The Take-Off
- •2.3.4 The Dive
- •2.4 Usage of the tunes
- •2.4.1 The usage of The Glide-Up
- •2.4.2 The usage of the Glide-Up
- •2.4.3 The usage of the Take-Off
- •2.4.4 The usage of the Dive
- •3. Lab works
- •3.1 Lab work 15 Tones
- •3.2 Lab work 17 Intonation
- •4. Additional exercises
- •5. Self-check questions
- •References:
3. Lab works
3.1 Lab work 2 English short vowels
Exercise 1 Repetition
Listen and repeat:
I |
bit [bIt] |
bid [bId] |
him [hIm] |
miss [mIs] |
e |
bet [bet] |
bed [bed] |
hen [hen] |
mess [mes] |
x |
bat [bxt] |
bad [bxd] |
ham [hxm] |
mass [mxs] |
A |
cut [kAt] |
bud [bAd] |
bun [bAn] |
bus [bAs] |
P |
pot [pPt] |
cod [kPd] |
Tom [tPm] |
loss [lPs] |
V |
put [pVt] |
wood [wVd] |
pull [pVl] |
push [pVS] |
Exercise 2 Identification
Write the symbol for the vowel you hear in each word (1…10).
Exercise 3 Production
When you hear the number, pronounce the word (which is given in spelling and in phonetic symbols). Repeat the correct pronunciation when you hear it.
1. mad [mxd] |
5. cut [kAt] |
9. men [men] |
2. mud [mAd] |
6. cot [kPt] |
10. man [mxn] |
3. bit [bIt] |
7. put [pVt] |
11. fun [fAn] |
4. bet [bet] |
8. pot [pPt] |
12. fan [fxn] |
Exercise 4 Short vowels contrasted
Listen and repeat:
I and e |
e and x |
x and A |
A and P |
P and V |
bit bet |
hem ham |
lack luck |
dug dog |
lock look |
tin ten |
set sat |
bad bud |
cup cop |
cod could |
fill fell |
peck pack |
fan fun |
rub rob |
pot put |
built belt |
send sand |
stamp stump |
stuck stock |
shock shook |
lift left |
wreck rack |
flash flush |
luck lock |
crock crook |
3.2 Lab work 6 Fricatives and affricates
Exercise 1 Repetition of words containing fricatives
Listen and repeat (words given in spelling and transcription):
f |
fin [fIn] |
offer [Pfq] |
laugh [lRf] |
v |
vat [vxt] |
over [qVvq] |
leave [lJv] |
T |
thing [TIN] |
method [meTqd] |
breath [breT] |
D |
these [DJz] |
other [ADq] |
breathe [brJD] |
s |
sad [sxd] |
lesser [lesq] |
moss [mPs] |
z |
zoo [zH] |
lazy [leIzI] |
lose [lHz] |
S |
show [SqV] |
washing [wPSIN] |
rush [rAS] |
Z |
|
measure [meZq] |
rouge [rHZ] |
h |
hot [hPt] |
beehive [bJhaIv] |
|
Exercise 2 Identification
Write the symbol for the fricative you hear in each word.
a) initial position (1…5)
b) medial position (6…10)
c) final position (11…15)
Exercise 3 Production
When you hear the number, pronounce the word, giving particular attention to the fricatives. You will then hear the correct pronunciation, which you should repeat.
1. [DJz] these |
5. [feDqz] feathers |
9. [sJZq] seizure |
2. [feIT] faith |
6. [fIfT] fifth |
10. [lxSIz] lashes |
3. [heDq] heather |
7. [SIvqz] shivers |
|
4. [sJSL] seashore |
8. [bIheIv] behave |
|
Exercise 4 Repetition of fricative and affricate pairs
Listen and repeat:
a) initial S and C
SPp CPp (shop, chop)
SJt CJt (sheet, cheat)
SHz CHz (shoes, choose)
b) medial S and C
lJSIz lJCIz (leashes, leaches)
wPSIN wPCIN (washing, watching)
bxSIz bxCIz (bashes, batches)
c) final S and C
mxS mxC (mash, match)
kxS kxC (cash, catch)
wIS wIC (wish, witch)
d) medial Z and G
leZq leGq (leisure, ledger)
pleZq pleGq (pleasure, pledger)
lJZqn lJGqn (lesion, legion)
Exercise 5 Discrimination between fricatives and affricatives
You will hear some of the words from Exercise 4. When you hear the word, say “A” if you hear the word on the left or “B” if you hear the word on the right. You will then hear the correct answer and the word will be said again for you to repeat.
A |
B |
SPp |
CPp |
kxS |
kxC |
wPSIN |
wPCIN |
SHz |
CHz |
lJZqn |
lJGqn |
bxSIz |
bxCIz |
SJt |
CJt |
leZq |
leGq |
lJSIz |
lJCIz |
wIS |
wIC |
pleZq |
pleGq |
mxS |
mxC |