5 Dictionaries. A) How many dictionaries do you think a language learner should have? What are they? What dictionaries do you have?

A. IDENTITY pl. identities

1 [u, c] someone's identity is their name or who they are ▪

The identity of the criminal is still unknown.

disclose/reveal smb's identity ▪ Police are not revealing the woman's identity until relatives have been notified.

hide/conceal/protect smb's identity ▪

They will testify behind a screen in order to protect their identities.

false identity (=when someone pretends to be another person)

▪ She applied for a teaching job under a false identity.

smb's true identity (=who smb really is) ▪ Someone would soon discover his true identity.

proof of identity (=something that proves you are who you say you are)

▪ Journalists are required to produce proof of identity.

identity papers/documents (=documents that show you are who you say you are)

2 [u] the qualities and attitudes that a person or group of people have, that make them different from other people: ▪ Children need continuity, security, and a sense of identity. ▪ Travelling alone can lead to a loss of identity.

national/cultural/social etc identity (=a strong feeling of belonging to a particular group, race etc) ▪ Our strong sense of national identity has been shaped by our history.

▪ Cultural identity is formed over hundreds of years.

identity crisis/crisis of identity (=a feeling of uncertainty about who you really are and what your purpose is) ▪ My father experienced an identity crisis in middle age.

3 [u] formal exact similarity between two things

STUDY NOTE: identification, n; identifiable, adj.; unidentified, adj. identify, verb

B. IDENTITY noun

adjective

true, assumed, false He was discovered living under an assumed ~ in the USA.

strong, distinct, distinctive, individual, personal, separate, unique

These populations have managed to maintain distinct identities.

collective, common, communal, shared, dual, multiple Shanghai itself has multiple ~s.

civic, class, corporate, cultural, national, political, professional, regional, religious, sexual, social, Catholic, Asian, black, ethnic , racial the struggle for black ~

female, feminine, gender, male, masculine, gay, homosexual

genetic the shared genetic ~ of identical twins brand the ability to maintain a strong brand ~

verb + identity

build, construct, create, define, determine, develop, establish, find, forge, form, shape

They are still struggling to establish their ~ as a political party.

give smb/smth He felt that having a job gave him an ~.

affirm , assert , express, reclaim the way in which African American writers have asserted their ~

base an ethnic ~ based on their common national ancestry

share They share a collective ~, united by an independent spirit.

keep, maintain, preserve, retain, lose, change He changed his ~ on his release from prison.

adopt, assume, take on The company adopted a new corporate ~, including a new logo.

disclose, expose, leak, reveal Someone in the administration leaked the ~ of an undercover CIA agent. He refused to reveal the ~ of his client.

confirm, verify The system will verify the ~ of incoming visitors.

conceal, disguise, hide, keep secret, mask, protect Her voice was disguised to conceal her ~.

steal His ~ was stolen and used to purchase goods from a catalogue.

identity + noun

bracelet, tag, card, documents, papers, parade ( BrE )

The victim picked out her attacker in an ~ parade.

fraud, theft, thief, verification credit-card ~ theft; The technology is used for ~ verification.

development, formation (both esp. AmE ) the importance of family history within ~ formation

preposition

~   as Scotland has never lost its ~ as a separate nation.

~   between the stylistic ~ between the first text and the others

phrases proof of ~ The police officer asked him for proof of ~.

a search for ~ His search for his cultural ~ took him to where his parents were born.

a sense of ~

C. identity • self • individuality • uniqueness

These are all words for the qualities or characteristics that make sb/sth different from others or for the quality of being different from others.

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS

identity / BrE; AmE / [C, U] the characteristics, feelings and beliefs that make a person or group of people seem or feel different from others

a sense of national/cultural/personal/group identity ◇ The organization has no clear corporate identity . The people have a strong sense of national identity. ◇ Many minority groups are struggling to maintain their cultural identity .

self /BrE; AmE / [U] (also the self [sing.]) (formal) the essential part of a person's character that makes them different from other people Many people living in institutions have lost their sense of self. ◇ the inner self (= a person's emotional and spiritual character ) ◇ Such problems stem from deep insecurity and a lack of confidence in the self. It is now fashionable to concentrate on healing the inner self. See also self ⇨ personality , ego ⇨ mind noun

individuality /BrE; AmE / [U] the qualities in a person or thing that make them clearly different from other people or things She expresses her individuality through her clothes. ◇ The plot is credible but the characters lack individuality.

See also individual ⇨ unique , originality ⇨ inspiration

uniqueness /BrE; AmE/ [U] the quality in a person or thing of being the only one of their kind and different from anyone/anything else

The author stresses the uniqueness of the individual.

He learned to treasure his daughter's uniqueness in a world obsessed with normality.

D. 1) идентичность, тождество, одинаковость, тождественность Syn: sameness

2) подлинность Syn: authenticity

3) личность to establish smb.'s identity – установить чью-л. личность

His identity was being kept secret. – Его личность была засекречена.

It was a case of mistaken identity. They mistook him for John. – Это была ошибка. Они приняли его за Джона. – identity card

4) индивидуальность; своеобразие; отличительная черта, особенность national identity – национальные особенности gender identity – гендерная / половая идентичность, половая идентификация Syn: originality , peculiarity

5) тождество