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29. International relations of Ukraine Russia

A major breakthrough in Russia-Ukraine relations occurred in May 1997 when Presidents Yeltsin and Kuchma signed an agreement on the Black Sea Fleet, whereby Ukraine undertook to lease the harbour of Sevastopol to Russia until 2017. The presidents also signed a Bilateral Treaty on Friendship and Co-operation, recognising each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity within their existing borders. In February 2003, the two countries agreed on the delimitation of their land border. However, this left the Azov Sea border undelimited and in October 2003 a dispute flared over Ukraine's possession of Tuzla Island in the Kerch Strait, which links the Azov and Black Seas. The two sides signed a framework agreement on the Kerch Strait in December 2003, controlling the entry of naval vessels of other states. This was ratified by the respective parliaments in April 2004, although negotiations on the precise location of the maritime borders continue.

President Putin's backing for President Yushchenko's opponent in the 2004 Presidential election and Yushchenko's pro-EU and NATO policies strained Ukraine's relations with Russia.  Since the election of Viktor Yanukovych as President, both Ukraine and Russia have sought to put relations on a new footing and regular meetings of the two Presidents are set to resume.

A priority for successive Ukrainian Governments has been to reach agreement with Russia on the supply of gas. This has become more acute following disputes in late 2005, early 2006, March 2008 and January 2009, which saw supplies to Ukraine and the rest of Europe interrupted.

Poland

Poland was the first country to recognise Ukraine's independence and in 1992 Poland and Ukraine signed a Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation, renouncing territorial claims and confirming the inviolability of their frontiers. Poland sees itself as Ukraine's best ambassador to Euro-Atlantic institutions (e.g. Poland lobbied for Ukrainian membership in the Council of Europe), and Ukraine welcomes Polish support for its European aspirations. Ukrainian troops in Iraq served in the Polish-led part of the multinational force.

The role played by then President Kwasniewski in helping to facilitate a resolution to Ukraine's political crisis in 2004 and Polish support for Ukraine's aspiration to join the EU have further strengthened this relationship.

In April 2007, UEFA announced that Ukraine and Poland would jointly host the European Football Championships in 2012.

Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova (guam)

Ukraine has been a leading member of GUAM (Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova) since 1996 and has played an active part in its development. GUAM states seek to co-operate on economic and democratic development. At a summit meeting in Kyiv in May 2006 GUAM leaders agreed to turn it into a formal regional organisation (Organisation for Democracy and Economic Development) with a Secretariat based in Kyiv. Uzbekistan, which joined the group for a few years, left in 2005.

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