Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
English exam 2010.doc
Скачиваний:
5
Добавлен:
07.09.2019
Размер:
596.48 Кб
Скачать

2. Promoting development based on an integrated approach

20. The principle designations of diplomatic relations (8-10)

diplomatic relations

  1. diplomatic intercourse between nations; including the mutual presence of a diplomatic mission in each nation

21. Principles of democracy, political freedom and equality

Democracy is a political form of government carried out either directly by the people (direct democracy) or by means of elected representatives of the people, as if the people and the elected person were one, linear line of decisions. (representative democracy). The term comes from the Greek, in the middle of the fifth-fourth century BC to denote the political systems then existing in some Greek city-states, notably Athens following a popular uprising in 508 BC.[2] Even though there is no specific, universally accepted definition of 'democracy',[3] there are two principles that defines the word democracy. They include: equality and freedom.[4][ These principles are reflected in all citizens being equal before the law and having equal access to power.[5] and the freedom of its citizens is secured by legitimized rights and liberties which are generally protected by a constitution.[6][7]

What are the 5 principles of democracy?

  1. Fundamental worth 2. Equality of all persons 3. Majority rule minority rights 4. Necessity of compromise 5. Individual freedom.

2. EQUALITY (noun)   The noun EQUALITY has 2 senses:

1. the quality of being the same in quantity or measure or value or status 2. a state of being essentially equal or equivalent; equally balanced

The right to equality is the right of all human beings to be equal in dignity, to be treated with respect and consideration and to participate on an equal basis with others in any area of economic, social, political, cultural or civil life. All human beings are equal before the law and have the right to equal protection and benefit of the law.

Principles of equality:

1) Formal Equality

When two persons have equal status in at least one normatively relevant respect, they must be treated equally with regard to this respect. This is the generally accepted formal equality principle.

2) Proportional Equality

According to Aristotle, there are two kinds of equality, numerical and proportional. A form of treatment of others or as a result of it a distribution is equal numerically when it treats all persons as indistinguishable, thus treating them identically or granting them the same quantity of a good per capita. That is not always just. In contrast, a form of treatment of others or distribution is proportional or relatively equal when it treats all relevant persons in relation to their due. Just numerical equality is a special case of proportional equality. Numerical equality is only just under special circumstances, viz. when persons are equal in the relevant respects so that the relevant proportions are equal. Proportional equality further specifies formal equality; it is the more precise and detailed, hence actually the more comprehensive formulation of formal equality. It indicates what produces an adequate equality.

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]