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specific locations, such as injection or delivery stations, pump stations (liquid pipelines) or compressor stations (gas pipelines), and block valve stations.

The information measured by these field instruments is then gathered in local Remote Terminal Units (RTU) that transfer the field data to a central location in real time using communication systems, such as satellite channels, microwave links, or cellular phone connections.

Pipelines are controlled and operated remotely, from what is usually known as The Main Control Room. In this center, all the data related to field measurement is consolidated in one central database. The data is received from multiple RTUs along the pipeline. It is common to find RTUs installed at every station along the pipeline.

The Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system at the Main Control Room receives all the field data and presents it to the pipeline operator through a set of screens or Human-Machine Interface (HMI is the apparatus which presents process data to a human operator, and through which the human operator controls the process), showing the operational conditions of the pipeline. The operator can monitor the hydraulic conditions of the line, as well as send operational commands (open/close valves, turn on/off compressors or pumps, change setpoints, etc.) through the SCADA system to the field.

To optimize and secure the operation of these assets, some pipeline companies are using what is called Advanced Pipeline Applications , which are software tools installed on top of the SCADA system, that provide extended functionality to perform leak detection, leak location, batch tracking (liquid lines), pig tracking, composition tracking, predictive modeling, look ahead modeling, operator training and more.

Задание 1. Прокомментируйте следующие тезисы, используя разговорные формулы:

The statement is right (wrong): it should be pointed; it should be noted; according to the text; as a matter of fact; broadly speaking; as far as I know; to my mind; in my opinion.

1.1.Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods through a pipe.

1.2.Field devices are not instrumentation, data gathering units and communication systems.

1.3.Pipelines are controlled and operated remotely, from what is usually known as The Main Control Room.

1.4.The operator can’t monitor the hydraulic conditions of the line.

Задание 2. Составьте аннотацию текста.

Text 10.

Environmental engineering.

Environmental engineering is the application of science and engineering principles to improve the natural environment (air, water, and/or land resources), to provide healthy water, air, and land for human habitation (house or home) and for other organisms, and to remediate polluted sites. It involves waste water management and air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, environmental sustainability, and public health issues as well as a knowledge of environmental engineering law. It also includes studies on the environmental impact of proposed construction projects.

Environmental engineers conduct hazardous-waste management studies to evaluate the significance of such hazards, advise on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps. Environmental engineers also design municipal water supply and industrial wastewater treatment systems as well as address local and worldwide environmental issues such as the effects of acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, water pollution and air pollution from automobile exhausts and industrial sources. Environmental "civil" engineers focus on hydrology, water resources management, bioremediation, and water treatment plant design.

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Environmental "chemical" engineers, on the other hand, focus on environmental chemistry, advanced air and water treatment technologies and separation processes.

Environmental engineering is an incredibly broad field which is focused on using scientific principles to improve environmental conditions. Environmental engineers may use their skills to prevent damage to the environment, or to deal with the consequences of such damage.

Numerous fields can be pursued within the larger framework of environmental engineering, including biology, ecology, chemistry, geology, environmental law, public health, chemical engineering, nuclear engineering, civil engineering, and mechanical engineering. As a general rule, environmental engineering requires a bachelor's degree at a minimum, and many employers prefer to see graduate level work from their candidates as well.

Preventative measures include things like waste management, pollution controls, and resource allocations which are designed to ensure that supplies of clean water endure. Environmental engineers may also work on projects like developing ecologically friendly building techniques, green vehicles, and environmentally friendly methods of power generation. Many environmental engineers enjoy working on preventative measures such as these, since they are often at the cutting edge of technology.

Environmental engineering also looks at ways to deal with damage to the environment, like oil spills, acid rain, rampant pollution, and destabilization of fragile ecosystems. Environmental engineers develop techniques to help the Earth recover more quickly from serious environmental problems, ranging from using petrochemical-eating bacteria for cleaning up oil spills to restricting access to threatened wetlands to allow them to stabilize.

Задание 1. Расскажите, что нового вы узнали из текста. Определите основную идею текста. Используйте следующие разговорные формулы:

I’d like to say some words about; it’s important to say that; it should be pointed; as is known; the text is about; the text deals with; the content of the text; it should be noted that; according to the text; the subject of the text is; as a matter of fact; I can add; I’d like to say that; broadly speaking; as far as I know; to my mind; in my opinion.

Задание 2. Составьте аннотацию текста.

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Терминологический англо-русский словарь

A.

absorbing – абсорбирующая (поглотительная) способность accumulate – аккумулировать; накапливать

acid – кислота

hydrochloric acid – соляная кислота adsorption – адсорбция, поверхностное поглощение alkali – щелочь

application – область применения asphalt – асфальт, нефтяной битум automation – автоматизация

B.

basin – бассейн, резервуар benefit – прибыль, выгода

boiling – кипение, бурное газообразование bottom – забой (скважины), дно breakdown – анализ нефти

bug – устройство очистки внутренней поверхности трубопровода by-product – побочный продукт

C.

capacity – объем, величина carbon – углерод

carbon dioxide – двуокись углерода charcoal – древесный уголь

clean – чистый, свободный от примесей combustible – топливо; горючее; горючий compound – смесь, состав; химическое соединение composition – состав

condensate – конденсат, газоконденсат consume – потреблять

consumer – потребитель consumption - потребление crude – сырой, неочищенный

cut – фракция, погон; содержание воды и грязи в нефти

D.

degassing – дегазация

dehydrate – обезвоживать, удалять воду delivery – выдача, поставка, доставка demand – спрос, потребность

deposit – залежь, месторождение derrick – буровая вышка develop – разрабатывать

developed field – освоенное месторождение development – разработка месторождения drilling – бурение

drilling costs – затраты на проведение буровых работ

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dry – сушить, высушивать

E.

emissions – выбросы engineer – инженер

processing engineer – инженер-технолог engineering – техника, технический environment – окружающая среда

environmental damage – ущерб, нанесенный окружающей среде environmental effects – воздействие на окружающую среду environmentally friendly – экологически чистый

equipment – оборудование

production equipment – эксплуатационное оборудование exploitation – эксплуатация месторождения, разработка exploration – разведочные работы по месторождению extraction – извлечение, экстракция

F.

facilities – оборудование, приспособления, средства field – месторождение, бассейн

field costs – текущие промысловые расходы fissure – разрыв, трещина

fluid – флюид, жидкость

formation – образование, формирование fossil – ископаемое, окаменелость fraction – фракция

fuel – топливо

G.

gas – газ, газообразное вещество

piped natural gas – природный газ, передаваемый по трубопроводу liquefied natural gas (LNG) – сжиженный природный газ

gas field – месторождение нефти gasification – газификация gasline – газопровод

gas-oil – газоиль, сжиженный нефтяной газ gasoline – бензин (амер.)

generate – производить (энергию) generation – генерация, генерирование

generating capacity – производительная мощность grain – отдельная частица (минерала), зерно, песчинка

H.

haul – транспортировка, перевозка headway – проходка (при бурении) heat – тепло; нагрев, подогрев heavy – тяжелый, вязкий, плотный heavy crude oil – тяжелая нефть hydrocarbon – углеводород

hydrocarbon fuel – углеводородное топливо

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hydrogen-containing – содержащий водород hydrogen sulfide - сероводород

I.

impermeable – непроницаемый для жидкости или газов impurity – примесь

increase – увеличение, рост

industrial – промышленный, производственный

infilter – скважина, пробуренная при уплотнении первоначальной сетки размещения скважин

influence – влияние, воздействие

innage – заполненное нефтепродуктом пространство в резервуаре instrumenting – оборудование контрольно-измерительными приборами investigation – исследование, обследование (месторождения)

J.

jetting – промывка скважины сильной струей воды job – работа, операция

jog – остановка изменения температуры на кривой Охла joint venture – совместное предприятие

joint-stock company – акционерная компания jump – бурить ручным способом

K.

keeper – держатель kerosene – керосин

knockouts – ловушки (на низких участках газовых линий для сброса газобензинового конденсата

know-how – специфика (процесса), технология, ноу-хау

L.

layer – слой, пласт

leaded gasoline – этилированный бензин leak – утечка, течь, просачивание

lean gas – тощий, низкокалорийный газ light oil – легкая нефть

limestone – известняк liquid – жидкий

liquification (of gas) – сжижение (газа) liquify gas – сжижать газ

lubricant – смазочный материал

M.

main – магистральный трубопровод maintenance – техническое обслуживание marine – морской

market – рынок, торговля means – средства, способы

mineral – минерал, полезное ископаемое

mineral reserves – запасы (полезных ископаемых)

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mineral resources – ресурсы полезных ископаемых mixture – смесь; смешивание

monitoring – контроль, контролирование mud – буровой раствор

N.

naphthenes – нафтены, углеводороды нафтенового ряда, циклопарафины natural – природный, натуральный

near-shore – прибрежный neat – чистый, натуральный

network – сеть, сетка размещения скважин new development – новое месторождение normal – обыкновенный, нормальный

O.

odorant – добавка, придающая запах газу; одорант offshore – оффшорный, прибрежный

oil – нефть, масло (растительное или минеральное)

oil multinational (company) – транснациональная нефтяная компания oiler – нефтяная скважина; нефтевоз

onshore - наземный

operator – оператор; компания-оператор organic – органический

origin – происхождение, источник outgassing – дегазация

oxidation – окисление oxygen – кислород

P.

paraffine – парафин, парафиновый углеводород permeable – проницаемый (о породах) petroleum – нефть, нефтяной

petrochemical – нефтехимический petrochemistry – нефтехимия petrology – петрология

pipelayer – трубоукладчик pipeline – трубопровод

buried pipeline – подземный трубопровод pipeline gas – перекачивать газ по трубопроводу plant – завод; силовая установка

platform – морская платформа pollution – загрязнение

pressure – давление, пластовое давление process – обрабатывать, перерабатывать processing – обработка, переработка produce – добывать, производить production – добыча, производство property – свойство

prospecting – поиск, разведка protection – защита

pure – чистый

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purification – очистка purify – очищать

Q.

quality – качество, добротность quantity – количество, размер

R.

raw – сырой, неочищенный raw material – сырье refine – очищать

refining – очистка, перегонка (нефти) refinery – нефтеперегонный завод

reservoir – коллектор, нефтяной или газовый пласт residual – остаточный; остаток

residual fuel (heavy) oil – мазут, нефтяные остатки rock – горная порода

rubber – каучук, резина

S.

seal – сальниковое уплотнение

sedimentary – осадочный; осадочные отложения separation – отделение, разделение

service – технический образец

soil – грунт, наносы, почвенный слой solid – твердое тело

solution – раствор; решение sorbent – сорбирующее вещество source – источник

state-owned-company – государственная компания storage – склад, хранилище

substance – вещество, материя sulphur – сера

low sulphur oil – нефть с низким содержанием серы sulphide – сернистое соединение

supplier – поставщик survey – изыскание, поиск

T.

tank – резервуар, ёмкость

tanker – танкер, нефтеналивное судно

terminal – конечная станция, конечная станция нефтегазопровода test – испытание, проверка

tightness – плотность, герметичность

trap – ловушка, улавливатель (ловушка для отделения газа от жидкости или нефти от воды)

treat – обрабатывать

treatment – обработка (воды, бурового раствора)

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tube – труба

U.

underlayer – нижний слой

undersealing – негерметичное уплотнение

unitization – объединение отдельных участков месторождения для разработки и эксплуатации по единому проекту

unleaded gasoline- неэтилированный бензин unstable – неустойчивый, нестабильный user – пользователь

end user – конечный пользователь

V.

value – стоимость, цена; значение, величина vaporization – испарение, выпаривание vehicle – средство передвижения

vehicle fuel – автомобильное топливо venture – коммерческое предприятие viscosity – вязкость

volume – объем, масса

W.

wastes – отходы

water-absorbing – гигроскопический wax – твёрдые углеводороды

weight – вес, масса, плотность welding – сварка, сварочные работы well – скважина

wildcat – разведочная скважина

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ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ Формы глагола: to ask – asked – asked – asking

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СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

Образование: to be в соответствующем времени + III форма основного глагола (причастие II)

PRESENT

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Список литературы.

Gas Industry of Russia, journal, 2009-2011

Hart’s Petroleum Engineer International, the worldwide magazine of drilling, production and reservoir technology, 2010-2011

Oil & Gas Journal, 2009-2011

Oil of Russia, half-yearly magazine, 2009-2011

Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling and Production, magazine 2007 Oil: Anatomy of an Industry, New Press, 2004

Petroleum refining for the nontechnical person (2nd Edition ed.), PennWell Books. 1985 Oil and Gas Business, Electronic scientific journal, 2009-2011

Англо-русский словарь по химии и переработке нефти, В.В. Кедринский, Москва 1979

Англо-русский словарь по нефти и газу, А.И. Булатов, В.В. Пальчиков, Москва 2001

Petroleum Production in nontechnical language, Forest Gray, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1995

Русско-английский словарь по нефти и газу

Longman Active Study Dictionary of English, Longman Group UK Limited, 1991

English Pronouncing Dictionary, Daniel Jones, M, 1964

ABBYY Lingvo 10. Англо-русский, русско-английский электронный словарь

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7. Кто имел много английских книг? – Мой друг имел много английских книг, когда он был студентом.

3. Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What is your name?

2.How old are you?

3.Are you a student?

4.Where do you study?

5.What do you want to be?

6.What language do you learn?

7.Is your family large or small?

8.Who are the parents?

9.Have you a brother or a sister?

10.You always help each other, don’t you?

Text “Foreign languages in our life”.

Learning a foreign language isn’t an easy thing. Nowadays it’s especially important to know foreign languages. Some people learn languages because they need them for their work, others travel abroad, for the third studying foreign languages is a hobby. Everyone, who knows foreign languages can speak to people from other countries, read foreign authors in the original, which makes your outlook wider. I study English. It’s a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and efforts. Over 300 million people speak it is as a mother tongue. The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand. English is one of the official languages of the United Nations Organization and other political organizations.

English language is a wonderful language. It’s the language of the great literature. It’s the language of William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens and others. Half of the world’s scientific literature is in English. It’s the language of computers technology. The great German poet Goethe once said, “He, who knows no foreign language, doesn’t know his own one”. That’s why in order to understand oneself and environment one has to learn foreign languages.

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Grammar and lexical exercises.

1.Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы:

1.Many people learn foreign languages.

2.The native speakers of English live in Great Britain.

3.My friend knows English very well.

4.We speak English to our teacher.

5.Our students read foreign authors in the original.

2. Переведите на английский язык.

1.На каком языке вы обычно разговариваете на уроке? – Обычно мы говорим по-английски, иногда по-русски.

2.Я редко говорю по-английски дома.

3.Вы изучаете французский язык? Нет, я не изучаю французский язык. Я изучаю английский язык.

4.Кто знает иностранный язык? Мой друг знает английский язык.

5.Кто говорит по-английски? Наши студенты говорят по-английски.

3. Ответьте на вопросы.

1.Is it an easy thing to learn a foreign language?

2.Why do people learn a foreign language?

3.Do you know any foreign language?

4.Where do the native speakers of English live?

5.What can you say about the English language?

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Lesson Two (The Second Lesson)

1.Text “The United Kingdom”

2.Words and word combinations.

3.Сообщение на тему: “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.

4.Grammar: Продолженные времена (Continuous Tenses)

Text “The United Kingdom”.

The full name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands,

Great Britain and Ireland, and great number of small islands. Their total area is over 31400 sq. km. The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English

Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. Northern Ireland occupies one third of the island of Ireland. It borders on the Irish Republic in the south. The island of Great Britain consists of three main parts: England (the southern and middle part of the island), Wales (a mountainous peninsula in the West) and Scotland (the northern part of the island).

There are no high mountains in Great Britain. In the north the Cheviots separate England from Scotland, the Pennines stretch down North England along its middle, the Cambrian mountains occupy the greater part of Wales and the Highlands of Scotland are the tallest of the British mountains. There is very little flat country except in the region known as East Anglia. Most of the rivers flow into the North Sea. The Thames is the deepest of the British rivers. Some of the British greatest ports are situated in the estuaries of the Thames, Mersey, Trent, Tyne, Clyde and Bristol Avon. Great Britain is not very rich in mineral resources, it has some deposits of coal and iron ore and vast deposits of oil and gas that were discovered in the Northern Sea. The warm currents of the Atlantic Ocean influence the climate of Great Britain. Winters are not severely cold and summers are rarely hot.

The population of the United Kingdom is over 58 million people. The main nationalities are: English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish. In Great Britain there are a lot of immigrants from former British Asian and African colonies.

Great Britain is a highly industrialized country. New industries have been developed in the last three decades. The main industrial centers are London, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Glasgow and Bristol.

The capital of the country is London. The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy.

Words and word combinations

to stretch – простираться estuary – устье реки deposits – залежи

iron ore – железная руда

to discover – обнаруживать current – течение

severely – чрезвычайно decade – десятилетие monarchy – монархия

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GRAMMAR STUDY

Спряжение глаголов во временах группы Continuous

Active

to be+ Participle I

The Present Continuous Tense

I am asking.

He (she, it) is asking. we (you, they) are asking.

Я спрашиваю (сейчас).

He is not asking.

They are not asking.

Is he asking?

Are they asking?

The Past Continuous Tense

I (he, she, it) was asking. We (you, they) were asking.

Я спрашивал.

She was not asking.

We were not asking.

Was she asking?

Were you asking?

Grammar and lexical exercises.

1.Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы:

1.I am taking the book off the table.

2.He is reading the book now.

3.We are speaking English now.

4.I was having dinner when you rang me up.

5.We were having our English at 10 in the morning.

1.Where is the United Kingdom situated?

2.What island do the British Isles consist of?

3.What ocean and seas are the British Isles washed by?

4.How many parts does the Island of Great Britain consist of and what are they called?

5.What country does Northern Ireland border on?

6.Are there any high mountains in Great Britain?

7.What sea do most of the rivers flow into?

8.What mineral resources is Great Britain rich in?

9.What is the climate like in Great Britain?

10.What is the population of Great Britain?

11.What city is the capital of the U. K.?

12.What kind of state is Great Britain?

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Сообщение на тему: “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.

The United Kingdom is situated on the British Isles. The United Kingdom includes Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain contains England, Scotland and Wales. The country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Irish Sea. The climate of Great Britain is mild. The winter is not cold, the summer is not hot and it often rains. There are many beautiful rivers, lakes, mountains and forests in the UK. The UK is rich in mineral resources: oil, natural gas, coal and others. The UK is a highly-developed industrial country. The textile industry, heavy and electrical engineering are the most important. The British grow wheat, fruit, vegetables, oats and others. London is the capital of the country. It stands on the river Thames. The UK is a parliamentary monarchy. The Queen is head of the state, the Prime Minister is the head of the government.

Words and word combinations. to be situated – быть расположенным

to include – включать to contain – содержать to wash – омывать mild – мягкий

cold – холодный hot – жаркий

to rain – идет дождь coal – уголь

highly-developed – высокоразвитый

heavy engineering – тяжелое машиностроение electrical engineering – электротехника important – важный

wheat – пшеница oats – овес

to grow – выращивать monarchy – монархия government – правительство head – глава

state – государство

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Lesson Three (The Third Lesson)

1.Text “Our Country” (Russia)

2.Grammar: Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

3.Grammar exercises.

4. Сообщение на тему “Russia”.

Text “Our Country” (Russia)

Russia is one of the largest countries in the world. It is situated in Europe and Asia. Russia is washed in the North by the Arctic Ocean. In the South, in the West and in the East it is washed by different seas. Russia is a land of long rivers and large lakes. The largest of all Russia’s rivers is the Volga. The three largest lakes in Russia are Baikal, Ladoga and Onega. The relief of Russia is mostly flat. Some parts of the country are covered with hills and mountains, forests and volcanoes. The climate of Russia is different. Much of European Russia and Siberia is very cold most of the year. The central part of the country has a mild climate. In the South it is very hot. The Russian Federation is very rich in mineral resources: oil, natural gas, coal, iron, gold, silver, copper, ferrous, non-ferrous and rare metals, limestone and others. Russia is a highly-developed industrial country. Agriculture is an important sector in the economy of the country. The Russians grow wheat, fruit, vegetables and many others. Moscow is the capital of Russian Federation. It is a political, economic, commercial and cultural center of Russia. The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin and Red Square. There are a lot of beautiful places, old cathedral, churches, monuments, galleries, museums, theaters in Moscow. The Russian Federation is a presidential republic. The president is the head of the state. The Prime Minister is the head of the government.

Words and word combinations

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GRAMMAR STUDY

Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

Grammar and lexical exercises.

1.Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы:

1.They can come at five.

2.She must listen to the radio today.

3.We have to do this work every day.

4.She had to stay at home yesterday.

5.You may open the window before classes.

2. Переведите на английский язык.

1.Кто может перевести этот текст?

2.Мой друг может говорить по-английски.

3.Можно войти?

4.Они должны пойти и посмотреть новый английский фильм.

5.Вам пришлось остаться дома, потому что была плохая погода?

6.Вам не нужно идти в библиотеку, у нас много книг дома, и вы можете взять любую, какую хотите.

3. Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What is the geographical position of Russia?

2.What is the climate of country?

3.What mineral resources is Russia rich in?

4.Russia is a highly-developed industrial country, isn’t it?

5.What do the Russians grow?

6.What is the capital of Russian Federation?

7.Do you know any places of interest in Moscow?

8.What is the political system in Russia?

9.Who is the head of the state?

10.Who is the head of the government?

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Сообщение на тему: “Our Country” (Russia).

Russia is one of the largest countries in the world. It is situated in Europe and Asia. The country has many seas and oceans. There are many rivers and lakes in Russia, for example: the Volga, the Yenisei, the Baikal and the Ladoga. Some parts of the country are covered with hills and mountains, forests and volcanoes. The climate of Russia is different. It is very cold in the North even in summer. The central part of the country has a mild climate. In the South it is very hot. The Russian Federation is very rich in mineral resources: oil, natural gas, coal, iron, gold, silver, copper, ferrous, non-ferrous and rare metals, limestone and others. Russia is a highly-developed industrial country. Agriculture is an important sector in the economy of the country. The Russians grow wheat, fruit, vegetables and many others. There are many universities, scientific institutions, colleges, schools, libraries, museums, galleries, theatres, churches in our country. Moscow is the capital of Russia. There are many interesting places to see in Moscow: the Bolshoi Theatre, the Tretjakov Art Gallery, the Kremlin, Red Square and others. The president is the head of the state.

Words and word combinations. to be situated – быть расположенным

different – различный mild – мягкий

cold – холодный hot – жаркий

to cover – покрывать

to be rich in – быть богатым в… natural gas – природный газ agriculture – сельское хозяйство scientific – научный

gold – золото silver – серебро

ferrous metals – черные металлы

non ferrous metals – цветные металлы rare metals – редкие металлы vegetables – овощи

coal – уголь iron – железо copper – медь

highly-developed – высокоразвитый to grow – выращивать

wheat – пшеница church – церковь important – важный