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teaching, research and the quality of its graduates. Lectures, seminars and practical classes are led by the people who are the world experts in their field.

Oxford is a historical and unique institution. As the oldest English-speaking university in the world the Oxford university has strong links with many research institutions, business and industry in the USA and overseas. Oxford’s teaching is in the top rank nationally and internationally. The

University has excellent facilities and resources for education: world-famous libraries, laboratories, museums etc.

Undergraduate courses offer students the chance to study their chosen field more deep. After 4 years of study students get the Bachelor of Arts or the Bachelor of Science degree. To get the Master’s degree they must study 1 or 2 additional years. The highest academic degree is the Doctor of Philosophy.

Words and word combinations.

nursery school – детский сад

to represent – представлять

infant school – дошкольное учреждение

to consist of – состоять из

compulsory primary schooling –

research – исследование

обязательное основное образование

graduate – выпускник университета

secondary education – среднее образование

field – область знаний

Exercises.

1.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

бесплатный, частный, дорогой, качество, строгий, известный, получать, внимательно, трудные предметы, способности, включать, общеобразовательная школа, обучение, главный, сдавать экзамены, хороший шанс, представлять, богатая история, высокое качество (выдающееся мастерство), исследование, крепкие связи, благоприятные условия, область знаний, высшая академическая степень.

2.Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их:

to be of a high quality famous private schools to behave well

according to their abilities to prepare for entering

to provide the limited education more difficult subjects

the quality of its graduates resources for education

to be in the top rank

3. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

1. rather expensive

1.

уникальное заведение

2. strict discipline

2.

степень магистра

3. nursery school

3. очень богатая история

4. to listen attentively

4.

довольно дорогой

5. the majority of schools

5.

всемирноизвестный

6. very rich history

6.

базовый университетский курс

7. worldwide

7.

большинство школ

8. unique institution

8.

строгая дисциплина

9. undergraduate courses

9.

детский сад

10. Master’s degree

10. слушать внимательно

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4.

Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих слов и

словосочетаний:

 

1. область знаний

1. not every family

2.

состоять из

2. can afford

3.

формально

3. to be divided into

4.

практические знания

4. certificate of the secondary education

5.

быть разделенным на

5. formally

6.

превосходный

6. graduate

7.

аттестат о среднем образовании

7. practical classes

8.

не каждая семья

8. field

9.

выпускник университета

9. excellent

10. могут позволить

10. to consist of

5. Составьте предложения из следующих слов:

1.rather, are, schools, expensive, private.

2.has, system, two, the, of, Great Britain, levels, school.

3.there, pupils, to, abilities, their, according, study.

4.of, such, the, schools, comprehensive, majority, are.

5.to get, good, it, a, chance, is, then, for, education, a, higher.

6.and, is, historic, a, Oxford, institution, unique.

7.offer, the, undergraduate, to study, courses, students, more, their, field, chosen, deep, the, chance.

6. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста:

1.All state schools in Britain are free, and schools provide their pupils with books and equipment for their studies.

2.Some parents choose private schools for their children.

3.In the Grammar schools pupils prepare for entering colleges and universities.

4.Every year thousands of students come to Cambridge from overseas to study English.

5.The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest universities in the world.

6.Oxford is famous for its first-class education as well as its beautiful buildings.

7.Oxford is a historic and unique institution.

8.Oxford’s teaching is in the top rank nationally and internationally.

7. Переведите предложения на английский язык:

1.Частные школы довольно дорогие.

2.Дети получают дошкольное образование с 3 до 5 лет.

3.Среднее образование начинается с 11летнего возраста.

4.Большинство таких школ – общеобразовательные.

5.Это хорошая возможность для них получить высшее образование.

6.Высшее образование в Великобритании представлено университетами, которые очень дорогие.

7.Университет Кембриджа является одним из старейших университетов в мире.

8.Оксфорд – историческое и уникальное учебное заведение.

9.Университет имеет превосходные условия и возможности для обучения: всемирноизвестные библиотеки, лаборатории, музеи и т.д.

10.Базовые университетские курсы дают студентам возможность изучить выбранную ими область знаний более глубоко.

8. Ответьте на вопросы:

1.What is the pre-school education in Great Britain?

2.What level of the school system in Great Britain do you know?

3.What infant schools pupils are taught in?

4.What is the secondary education?

5.What are the most famous universities in Great Britain?

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6.What is the Cambridge University?

7.What is the Oxford University?

Lesson Four (The Fourth Lesson)

1.Text: “The system of education of the United States”.

2.Words and word combinations.

Text «The system of education of the United States». Preschool education and schooling in the USA.

The American system of education differs from the educational systems of other countries. There is по home education in the United States. Each pupil is supposed to attend school. А school provides all the necessary conditions for study.

There are three levels of subsidizing the education:

-federal;

-state;

-local.

Each state makes its own laws for the education system of this area.

The Board of Education which is elected every two years by the residents of the school district, takes control of а school system.

Preschool education.

There is а network of nursery schools and day-care centers where children are looked after while their parents are at work. Preschool education is а part of elementary schools. Preschool education is for the children younger than five.

Schools

There are two kinds of schools in the USA:

-public schools;

-private schools.

The majority of American children attend free public schools. The system of private schools is very popular in the USA. The public schools are subsidized by each state. There is also а number or private schools where а free is charged. The cost for education in such schools varies and not each family can afford it.

The school system has two levels:

-elementary (primary);

-secondary (high).

Children start to go to school at the age of five or six and finish it at the age of seventeen or eighteen. The general pattern of education in the USA is an eight-year elementary school, followed by а four-year secondary school. This traditional system has been varied in many different ways.

Usually schools are organized in one of two bases:

-eight years of elementary school and four years of secondary school;

-six years of elementary, three years of junior secondary school and three years of senior secondary school;

-six-year elementary school followed by а six-year secondary school.

Elementary schools give the basic knowledge about the world around us and people who live in it. Pupils are taught to count, to read, to write, to draw, to sing and to dance. In some schools foreign languages are on schedule.

Secondary schools are usually called high schools and their pupils are called students. Marks which are given for their work are called grades.

Pupils study а lot of subjects. In some schools pupils can choose between some subjects.

А school year usually starts at the beginning of September and finishes in the end of June or in the beginning of July. A school year is divided into three terms or trimesters. Pupils have winter and spring breaks for 2 or 3 weeks and summer vacation for 6 or 8 weeks. They go to school five days а week and get to school and from it by а school bus.

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A typical school day in America starts at 7.30 a.m. Children have seven lessons (periods) which last from 30 to 55 minutes. There аге 2-5 minutes break (passing) between the periods and 30 minutes break for lunch.

There is an opportunity for the pupils to meet their specific interests in various fields and to spend their free time together. Schools offer а choice for the pupils willing to go in for sports. They may choose а kind of sport which they are keen on: football, basketball, base-ball, tennis, gymnastics, hockey, swimming, golf, volleyball. Such kinds depend on the size and financial resources of the school.

Higher education in the USA

After leaving school young people either start working or enter colleges and universities. The state colleges and universities usual1y charge tuition fees. Usually there is no admission examination required by а state university for those pupils who have finished high school within the state. Private colleges and universities, especially such well-known institutions as Harvard, Princeton, Yale have rigid scholastic requirements for entrance and examination is one of them.

Colleges and universities can be private or public. In any case students have to pay for such education. State colleges and universities are not so expensive as private. Universities and colleges are built as а separate complex which is called "campus" which includes blocks, 1ibraries, dormitories etc. Universities are larger than colleges. The head of college or university is the president. Other members of the faculty hold academic ranks.

Col1eges and universities of the USA offer different programmes from academic to very practical. Students can get technical professions (mechanics, nursing, medical technology, computer technology etc).

Scholarships are possible for those students who succeed in education.

During the first two years students usual1y fol1ow general course and then choose а major subject or area in which they concentrate.

То get bachelor's degree (Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science) young people study for 4 years.

То get master's degree (А Master of Art or Master of Science) people must study 1-2 years more and do а research work.

То get the highest academic degree (the Doctor of Philosophy) people need more years of study to complete the original research work, pass an oral, comprehensive examination.

Colleges grant а bachelor's degree. They also prepare students for graduate study leading to master's or doctor's degree or a job immediately after graduation.

Words and word combinations necessary conditions – необходимые условия

subsidizing – субсидировать, финансировать

The Boaгd of Education – комитет по образованию preschool education – дошкольное образование nursery school – детский сад

public school – (бесплатная) государственная школа private schools – частная школа

fee – плата

to afford – позволять себе что-либо в денежном отношении elementary (primary) school – начальная школа

secondary (high) school – средняя школа

junior secondаrу school – средняя школа (для учащихся от 12 до 16 лет)

senior secondагу school – полная средняя школа (для учащихся от 12 до 18лет) schedule – расписание

marks, grades – отметки, оценки opportunity – возможность further – дальнейший

tuition fees – плата за обучение admission – прием в учебное заведение rigid – жесткий