Строительная теплофизика / 15

e JZkq_l ihklmie_gby l_ieZ \ ihf_s_gb_ q_j_a gZjm`gu_ h]jZ`^_gby

< l_ieh\hf [ZeZgk_ kh\j_f_gguo a^Zgbc k e_]dbfb HD b [hevrbfb hkl_de_ggufb ih\_joghklyfb kms_kl\_ggmx jhev b]jZxl l_iehihklmie_gby q_j_a gZjm`gu_ HD Ijblhd l_ieZ q_j_a HD y\ey_lky g_klZpbhgZjguf b aZ\bkbl hl baf_g_gbc l_fi_jZlmju gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ b bgl_gkb\ghklb kheg_qghc jZ^bZpbb

Ihf_s_gb_ fh`_l bf_lv HD ^\mo oZjZdl_jguo dZl_]hjbc fZkkb\gu_ g_ijhajZqgu_gZjm`gu_ kl_gu b ihdjulby b g_fZkkb\gu_ emq_ijhajZqgu_ hdgZ \bljZ`b nhgZjb

L_iehi_j_^ZqZ q_j_a gbo ijhbkoh^bl jZaebqgh

GZ jbk ihdZaZgZ ko_fZ ihykgyxsZy ijbgylmx ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv jZkq_lZ ihklmie_gby l_ieZ \ ihf_s_gb_

Ihklmie_gb_ l_ieZ q_j_a fZkkb\gu_ g_ijhajZqgu_ h]jZ`^_gby

Jbk Ko_fZ ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb jZkq_l ihklmie_gby l_ieZ \ ihf_s_gb_ q_j_a

gZjm`gu_ h]jZ`^_gby

Baf_g_gby W+ \ jZkq_lgu_ e_lgb_ kmldb [ueb hij_^_e_gu jZg__ kj_^g_kmlhqghc W+2 b Zfieblm^hc baf_g_gby $W+ Bgl_gkb\gZy kmffZ jZ^bZpbhgghc oZjZdl_jbamxs_cky

kj_^g_kmlhqguf agZq_gb_f T b Zfieblm^Z baf_g_gby bgl_gkb\ghklb $T

L_iehi_j_^Zqm q_j_a h]jZ`^_gby ijb kh\f_klghf ^_ckl\bb jZaghklb ∆ W b l_ieh\h]h h[emq_gby gZjm`ghc ih\_joghklb ihevamykv mkeh\ghc l_fi_jZlmjhc gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ Wmke jZ\ghc

Wmke = W+ + ∆ W S = W+ + S T α +

]^_ ∆ W S = S T α + l_fi_jZlmjgZy ^h[Z\dZ wd\b\Ze_glgZy ^_ckl\bx kheg_qghc jZ^bZpbb

α + dhwnnbpb_gl l_iehi_j_^Zqb gZ gZjm`gu_ ih\_joghklb HD

S dhwnnbpb_gl ih]ehs_gby l_ieZ kheg_qghc jZ^bZpbb ih\_joghklb HDAgZq_gby dhwnnbpb_glZ S ih\_joghklb jZaebqguo kljhbl_evguo fZl_jbZeh\ ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[ebp_

AgZq_gby hlghkbl_evgh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ baemq_gby ε ijb W = − °& b hlghkbl_evgh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ ih]ehs_gby kheg_qghc jZ^bZpbb S ijb W ≈ °& ih\_joghklb jZaebqguo kljhbl_evguo fZl_jbZeh\

LZ[ebpZ

< mkeh\byo klZpbhgZjghc l_iehi_j_^Zqb ihlhd l_ieZ ijhoh^ysbc q_j_a HD ijb kh\f_klghf ^_ckl\bb jZaghklb l_fi_jZlmj b ihlhdZ kheg_qghc jZ^bZpbb hij_^_eblkyjbk jZaghklvx mkeh\ghc Wmke gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ b l_fi_jZlmju ihf_s_gby

Jbk JZkij_^_e_gb_ l_fi_jZlmju \ k_q_gbb HD ijb gZebqbb lhevdh jZaghklb l_fi_jZlmj ijb kh\f_klghf ^_ckl\bb jZaghklb l_fi_jZlmj b iZ^Zxs_]h gZ ih\_joghklv HD ihlhdZ kheg_qghc jZ^bZpbb b jZkij_^_e_gb_ l_fi_jZlmj k bkihevah\Zgb_f mkeh\ghc gZjm`ghc Wmke

Ijb g_klZpbhgZjghc l_iehi_j_^Zq_ agZq_gby Wmke baf_gyxlky \h \j_f_gb < l_q_gbb kmlhd \_ebqbgZ ∆ W j baf_gy_lky lZd qlh \h \j_f_gb __ dhe_[Zgby kh\iZ^Zxl k

T ∆ W S = S T α + l_fi_jZlmjgZy ^h[Z\dZ wd\b\Ze_gl ^_ckl\by kheg_qghc jZ^bZpbb kj_^g__ aZ kmldb agZq_gb_ ∆ W S b Zfieblm^Z $∆ WS jZ\gZ

∆ W S = S T α + $∆ WS = S $T α +

>ey lh]h qlh[u ihemqblvWmke \hkihevam_fky ijZ\behf keh`_gby ]Zjfhgbd \ ^Zgghf kemqZ_ W+ b ∆ W j baf_g_gb_ Wmke hij_^_ey_lky kj_^gbf aZ kmldb agZq_gb_f Wmke

]^_ σ \_ebqbgZ k^\b]Z ih \j_f_gb dhe_[Zgbc Wmke hlghkbl_evgh kemqZcgh]h dhe_[Zgby k [hevrhc Zfieblm^hc <_ebqbgm σ b dhwnnbpb_glZ ψ hij_^_eyxl ih ]jZnbdm,9kf ;h]hkeh\kdbc©Kljhbl_evgZy l_iehnbabdZªklj \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl hlghr_gby Zfieblm^ :∆ WS b $W+ b jZagbpu \h \j_f_gb dhe_[Zgbc W+ b ∆ W S

Dhe_[Zgby l_fi_jZlmju gZ \gmlj_gg_c ih\_joghklb h]jZ`^_gby τ % aZ\bkyl hl baf_g_gby mkeh\bc gZjm`ghc Wmke b bo fh`gh hij_^_eblv ih nhjfmeZf,9kf ;h]hkeh\kdbc©Kljhbl_evgZy l_iehnbabdZªagZy ihdZaZl_eb kd\hagh]h aZlmoZgby ν b k^\b]Z ih nZa_ ε ^ey ^Zgghc HD

Ihklmie_gb_ l_ieZ 4 q_j_a \kx iehsZ^v ) fZkkb\gh]h g_ijhajZqgh]h h[hagZqbf Ι h]jZ`^_gby ijbf_j gZjm`ghc kl_gu [m^ml baf_gylvky ke_^my aZ τ % ih aZdhgm ]Zjfhgbq_kdh]h dhe_[Zgby Kj_^g__ aZ kmldb agZq_gb_ l_iehihklmie_gbc 4 jZ\gh

4 = α % τ − WI ) = . Wmke − WI )

:fieblm^Z dhe_[Zgbc wlbo ihklmie_gbc $4 jZ\gZ

FZdkbfZevgh_ ihklmie_gb_ l_ieZ q_j_a HD jZ\gh

4PD[ = 4 + $4

<h \j_f_gb hgb [m^ml gZ ε qZk iha^g__PD[ W PD[ mke

L_dms__ agZq_gb_ 4 \ ijhba\hevguc fhf_gl \j_f_gb ] jZ\gh

4 = 4 + β $4

Ihklmie_gb_ l_ieZ q_j_a k\_lhijhajZqgu_ h]jZ`^_gby

Hkgh\gu_ ihklmie_gby l_ieZ \ ihf_s_gb_ e_lhf ijhbkoh^yl q_j_a hdgZ < ihf_s_gb_ ihklmiZ_l dhjhldh\hegh\h_ baemq_gb_ g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh ijhgbdZxs__ TΙΙ S q_j_a

hkl_de_gb_ Z lZd`_ dhg\_dlb\gh_ l_ieh b ^ebggh\hegh\h_ baemq_gb_ TΙΙ 7 aZ kq_l jZaghklb l_fi_jZlmj b ih]ehs_gby kheg_qgh]h l_ieZ we_f_glZjgufb aZiheg_gbyfb hdhggh]h ijh_fZ J_amevlbjmxsZy iehlghklv ihlhdZ l_ieZ q_j_a hdgh TΙΙ fh`gh ij_^klZ\blv jbk kmffhc

Jbk <ebyxsb_ nZdlhju b khklZ\eyxsb_ l_iehihkl_ie_gby q_j_a hdgh

TΙΙ = TΙΙ S + TΙΙ 7 = T6 + T' + T5 + T∆ W + Tih]

]^_ T6 T' T5 khklZ\eyxsZy ijhgbdZxs_c jZ^bZpbb TΙΙ S khhl\_lkl\_ggh ih^ \ebygb_f ijyfhc 6 jZkk_ygghc ' b hljZ`_gghc 5 kheg_qghc jZ^bZpbb