15.2. Word-building
15.2.1. Make adjectives with the help of suffix -ive:
collect, attract, create, demonstrate, execute, negate.
15.2.2. Translate the following word-combinations:
conservative party, productive work, expensive clothes, defensive measures, progressive policy, administrative building, affirmative answer.
15.3. Full understanding
15.3.1. Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте:
legal ['ll], document, standard corporation, verdict ['vdkt], proceeding [prou'sd].
* 15.3.2. Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте:
New words:
solicitor [s'lst] — поверенный
to give advice — давать совет
to pass an exam — сдать экзамен
junior [djnj] — младший
councel ['kauns()l] — советник
plaintiff ['plentf] — истец
defendant — ответчик
age — возраст
juror ['djur] — присяжный
guilty ['lt] — виновный
to appoint — назначать
to examine — (зд.) изучать
to add — добавлять
guest — гость
probably — вероятно
School vocabulary:
to be glad, necessary.
* 15.3.3. Прочитайте и переведите:
Steve tells about judicial profession in England
«... Well, you've told us many interesting things about English law and courts, but you didn't tell anything about lawyers» — Nell said. «Oh, I like your being so inquisitive and I'm glad I can give you all the necessary information», Steve answered. Then he said that there were two classes of lawyers — Barristers and Solicitors. And when Pete asked him what the difference was between them Steve explained that solicitors were lawyers who took legal business for ordinary people. «You know, that I'm the solicitor myself. So as a rule my business is to give advice to non-professional clients and to prepare all the necessary documents for the barrister. It's the barrister who conducts the case in the higher courts». Nell asked if barrister had some educational standard. «Yes», Steve answered. A barrister must pass the special legal exams and become a member of a legal corporation called «Inn of Court». Pete said that he had learnt about four Inns of Court when he had been in London. «But probably you don't know that barristers are either «juniors» or «King's (Queen's)» Steve said. When a barrister becomes O.C. he «takes silk». It means that he can wear a silk gown. Participating in a trial, a barrister may be counsel for the plaintiff (counsel for the prosecution) or counsel for the defendant (counsel for the defence)». «I've heard so much about English jury. What are their duties?» Nell asked. «All serious crimes are tried in a superior court before a jury. Most men and women between the ages of 21 and 60 can be jurors. According to English law the jury is to return only one of two verdicts — Guilty or Not Guilty». Then Pete asked whether they elected judges in England. «No, the judges are appointed from the barristers. The judge's functions are to conduct the proceedings, put questions to the parties and witnesses, examine the documents and evidence and to pass the sentence (judgement)».
«Well, and now I think it's my turn to ask questions», Steve added. But Pete and Nell said that they would gladly answer all the questions of their guests, but next day, because it was too late.
15.3.4. В тексте есть 8 случаев употребления согласования времен. Найдите их.
15.3.5. Прочитайте следующую шутку и скажите, удалось ли автору избежать ошибок в согласовании времен.
Presence of mind
A fire broke out in the middle of the night in a country house where a number of guests had been staying. Now they were all standing outside wrapped up in shawls, sheets and blankets. One of the guests was the last to join the crowd. He said he is not at all excited and didn't loose his usual presence of mind in spite of danger. He drew everybody's attention to the fact that he had not only put on his shirt and tie but even found time to fetch his pipe and his tobacco-pouch. The other guests were full of admiration and praised his self-possession. Only one of them wondered why together with shirt and tie he didn't put on his trousers.
15.3.6. Преподаватель приводит некоторые факты в отношении студентов вашей группы. Но вы не удивлены, вы все это знали. (Не забудьте о согласовании времен.)
Model: I. Bill Has passed his exam.
S. I' knew Bill had passed his exam.
1. Helen likes to give advice.
2. Steve is a good solicitor.
3. Bob examined the scene of the crime very carefully.
4. John was glad to meet his girl-friend.
5. Tommy worked at his English very hard yesterday.
6. Irene will get married next Friday.
7. Vie will get a nice present tomorrow.
8. Henry lost all his money.
15.3.7. Скажите по-английски:
. 1. Он был очень рад, что вы пришли. 2. Поверенный знал, что у истца нет необходимых документов. 3. Ответчик был уверен, что он прав. 4. Мистер Блэк знал, что его назначат судьей. 5. Она сказала, что уедет завтра. Затем она добавила, что ей здесь очень понравилось. 6. Я был уверен, что ответчик виновен.
15.3.8. У вашего преподавателя что-то случилось с голосом и он не может громко говорить. Помогите ему, повторяя его распоряжения. (Используйте косвенные приказания.)
Model: Т. Peter, go to the door.
S. He told Peter to go to the door.
15.3.9. Теперь у вас что-то случилось со слухом. Вам не удается расслышать, что преподаватель спрашивает. Попросите друга помочь вам.
Model: Т. Do you like this book?
S1. What did he ask?
S2. He asked if you liked this book?
S1. Oh, yes, I do.
1. Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 2. Have you read this book? 3. Are you a good sportsman? 4. Can you speak Italian? 5. Did you see Helen yesterday? 6. Have you finished your work? 7. Are you listening to me? 8. Were you abroad last year?
15.3.10. Стив пришел к вам в группу побеседовать с вами. Но он не совсем хорошо понимает ваши вопросы и поэтому кто-нибудь из вас должен помочь ему.
Model: S1. Where do you work? STEVE: What did he ask?
S2 He asked where you worked.
*15.3.11. Прочитайте следующие шутки и затем попытайтесь пересказать их вашим друзьям. Избегайте употреблять прямую речь.
1. A young man introduced his friend, a well-known comedian, to his aunt, an old lady. Trying to be witty he said, «This is a friend of mine, the famous K. and he is not such a fool as he looks». «Indeed, madam», said the comedian, «and that is the great difference between me and your nephew».
2. Once a young man applied for a job to the manager of a circus. The following dialogue took place between the two.
«What is your name and what can you do?»
«I'm John Brown, the egg-king, for I can eat six dozen eggs at a single sitting».
«Do you know that we give four shows every day?»
«Well, four shows will fetch more money than one!»
«Do you think you can perform four times a day?»
«I have no doubt whatever about it».
«But on holidays we shall try to manage a show every hour!»
«In that case one thing must be settled before I sign a contract».
«Namely?»
«No matter how many shows you give a day, I must have time to go out and have my dinner».
* 15.3.12. Скажите по-английски:
1. Джим сказал, что не любит бокс. 2. Том спросил, где я купил учебник. 3. Мистер Браун спросил, готов ли обед. 4. Мы не понимали, почему он рассердился на нас. 5. Они не знали, какую музыку предпочитает Роджер. 6. Я не знал, пригласила ли моя жена мистера Моргана. 7. Мы спросили детей, обедали ли они. 8. Мы хотели узнать, в каком часу прибывает поезд. 9. Джейн сказала, что живет теперь в общежитии. 10. Роберт спросил, дома ли Генри.
* 15.3.13. В Великобритании есть два класса юристов: адвокаты и поверенные. Нелли не совсем понимает разницу между ними. Объясните ей эту разницу, пожалуйста.
BARRISTERS SOLICITORS
1...................... 1. .....................
2...................... 2......................
* 15.3.14. Попытайтесь разгадать это шифрованное послание агента его боссу.
15.3.15. В следующих предложениях не хватает некоторых слов. Автор собрал все недостающие слова, но не знает, куда поместить их. Помогите ему сделать это.
1. I am so ... I have ... ...!
2. I've got all the ... things here.
3. All the ... have come already.
4. He was ... the ... for the defence.
5. The ... has won the case.
counsel, appointed, necessary, passed an exam, glad, jurors, plaintiff.
15.3.16. Прочитайте историю об адвокате м-ре Смите. Автор сделал в ней 3 ошибки. Найдите их.
Mr Smith is going to take silk. For this he has to pass special legal exams. Then he'll be able to give advice to non-professional clients and not to take part in the court trials as the counsel for the prosecution but only as the counsel for defence.
15.3.17. Предположим, что вы — один из присяжных. Расскажите нам о ваших обязанностях.
15.3.18. Предположим, что вас выбрали судьей английского суда. Каковы будут ваши обязанности?
15.3.19. Знаете ли вы, как называют лиц, которые выполняют следующие действия?
1. conduct a trial and pass the sentence;
2. have a first-hand knowledge of the event and give evidence under oath;
3. bring suits against other persons;
4. in cooperation with other persons are to decide the truth of the case tried before the judge;
5. act for the state in prosecuting criminals;
6. are appointed to try small offences in Britain;
7. break laws;
8. are suspected of committing crimes and brought before the court.