Invention /discovery
-
Use an English-English dictionary and write out the collocations with the
words: investigation, contribution and observation. Compare your results as a class.
|
In the Realm of Science |
-
Words like volt and watt have become part of our language, e.g. a volt is the unit of electrical potential. A watt is a unit of electrical power. However, we sometimes forget that these are the names of famous scientists. A volt is named after Alessandro Volta (1745-1827), the Italian physicist. A watt is named after James Watt (1736-1819), the English inventor of a steam engine. Do you know what these terms mean and who they are named after?
-
ampere ['æmpɛə]
kelvin ['kelvin]
Fahrenheit ['fær(ə)nhait]
bel [bel]
curie ['kju(ə)ri]
pascal [pæ'skæl]
coulomb ['ku:lɔm]
Celsius ['selsiəs]
hertz [hə:ts]
roentgen ['rʌntjən; 'rʌntgən]
farad ['færəd]
ohm [əum]
weber ['webər; 'veibər]
newton ['nju:t(ə)n]
darwin ['dɑwɪn]
-
Remember how to say the names of some well-known scientists:
|
Babbage ['bæbiʤ] |
Avogadro [ˏævə'ga:drəu] |
Isaac Newton ['aizək 'nju:t(ə)n] |
|
Curie ['kju(ə)ri] |
Descartes [dei'ka:t] |
Pythagoras [pə'θægərəs; pai-] |
|
Bohr [bɔ:r] |
Aristotle ['æriˏstɔt(ə)l] |
Hippocrates [hi'pa:krəˏti:z] |
|
Plato ['pleitəu] |
Archimedes [ˏa:kə'mi:diz] |
Aristarchus [ˏæri'sta:rkəs] |
|
Euclid ['ju:klid] |
Einstein ['ainstain] |
Roentgen ['rʌntjən; 'rʌntgən] |
-
Arithmetic operation is a mathematical expression involving numbers.
|
Division |
(:) |
21: 3=7 |
twenty one divided by three is/equals seven |
|
Multiplication or times |
(×) |
4×3=12 |
- the multiplication of four by three gives twelve - four times three equals twelve |
|
Subtraction or minus |
(–) |
4–3=1 |
- the subtraction of three from four leaves one - four minus three equals one |
|
Summation, addition/plus |
(+) |
4+3=7 |
- the summation of four and three gives seven - four plus three equals seven |
|
Equality |
(=) |
25:5=5 |
- twenty five divided by five is/equals five |
|
|
|
|
- twenty five divided by five is equal to five |
-
Read and remember some mathematical symbols.
|
|
is not equal to |
|
ray AB |
|
< |
is less than |
AB |
the
length of
|
|
> |
is greater than |
|
triangle |
|
|
is less than or equal to |
|
is approximately equal to |
|
|
is greater than or equal to |
|
is similar to |
|
( ) |
Parentheses (grouping symbol) |
|
is parallel to |
|
[ ] |
Brackets (grouping symbol) |
|
infinity |
|
{ } |
Braces (grouping symbol) |
|
pi, 3.14159 |
|
| | |
Absolute Value Bars |
|
is congruent to |
|
|
is an element of |
|
therefore |
|
|
is not an element of |
|
square root |
|
|
is a subset of |
|
right angle |
|
|
is not a subset |
! |
factorial |
|
e |
numeric constant 2.71828 |
|
the sum of |
|
|
the intersection of |
|
the set of |
|
|
angle |
|
perpendicular |
|
|
line AB |
|
degree(s) |
|
|
segment AB |
|
|
or
or
|
Unit 1 Progress Monitoring In this unit you have worked on the following vocabulary related to the topic “Evolution of Natural Sciences”
Tick (V) the points you are confident about and cross (X) the ones you need to revise. |
|
Unit 2 A Giant Leap |
||
|
|
L |
|
ead
In-
The most revolutionary and important
discoveries in science are often called
breakthroughs. Work with a partner.
Make a list of breakthroughs and inventions
made in the 20th century.
-
Discuss your lists as a class and agree on five
breakthroughs and inventions that you think
have changed the world we live in.
|
Reading |
-
Read the text about the breakthroughs of the 20th century. Find out what changes they have brought about. Complete the chart.
|
BREAKTHROUGH |
IMPLICATION |
|
Computers, World Wide Web |
|
|
……………………………………….. |
……………………………………………………… |
|
………………………………………… |
………………………………………………………… |