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Index 1345

simplified flowsheet 374

technology and equipment 373–374

superheaters, kraft recovery boiler 981

supermolecular structures, characterization

1257–1268

superoxide anion, ozone decomposition,

Initiator 788

superoxide anion radical 646

converter 788

hydrogen peroxide intermediates 852

superoxide formation, ozone reactions 794

supramolecular structure 1041–1047

surface, accessible 1267

surface area, specific see specific surface

surface condenser 978

surface tension

black liquor 971

black liquor and water 136

surfactants, application 687

surge bin, chip storage 102

suspended single fibers, characteristic

parameters 1272

sweetgum, average moisture content 125

swelling 937

concept of Bouchard 799

pulp 1052

pulp fibers 1268

unbleached kraft pulp 733

synthesis gas, cleaning 994

syringyl

monolignol structural units 31

structures 830

syringylpropane

lignin 165

molecular structure 32

t

TA see total alkali

tall oil

crude 967

kraft pulping 112

softwoods 36

Tampella-grinder 1095

tandem infeed rings, debarkers 79

tangential velocity profile, hydrocyclone 581

tangential walls, cell components 44

tannins, hardwoods 38

Tasmanian emission levels, marine

environment 1005

taxifolin 449

formation of quercetin under acid sulfite

conditions 426

TCF-bleached acid sulfite 1048

TCF-bleached dissolving pulp,

characterization 1049, 1051

TCF bleaching 10, 816, 1040

bleachability 267

hydrogen peroxide application 868

sulfite 877–880

TCF bleaching sequence 843

groups 727

ozone placement 848

tear index 235–236

as function of cellulose content 294

as function of tensile index 294, 482

of kraft softwood pulp as function of kappa

number 235

viscosity dependence 841

tear resistance, pulp 1141

tear strength, CBC pulp 293

tear-tensile plot

for AS/AQ and kraft CBC cooking 482

for CBC, CBC-PS and conventional kraft

pulp 294

Tectona grandis, gutta 38

temperature 701–702

acid sulfite cooking cycle 427

AS/AQ pine pulping 479

caustic extraction 944–945

CBC process 283

centrifugal cleaning operating parameters

587

during VisCBC hardwood cooking process

347

grinding process parameters 1084

in relation to kappa number and dissolved

Xylose 463

in relation to pentosan and screened yield

463

in relation to relative pressure washer

capacity 535

influence on CBC process 289–290

influence on pulp yield in standard batch

cooking process 231–233

Lo-Solids™ cook 303

predicted time-dependency in selected

model of kraft cooking kinetics 224

pulp washing parameter 535

Rauma three-stage sulfite cook 471

screening operating parameters 577

two-stage delignification operating

conditions 730

temperature distribution, softwood chip pile

99

temperature effect

on kraft cooking kinetics models 200–203

1346 Index

on modified kraft cooking 248–251

oxygen delignification 813–814

tensile index 235–236

commercial paper-grade pulp 1014

in relation to tear index 294, 482

pulp 808, 1140

tensile strength

single fibers 1278

zero-span 1019

tension wood 55–56

terpenes

hartwoods 37

isoprene 35

tert-butanol, cellulose protecting additive 819

tertiary treatment 1005

test water, analytical purposes 1224

tetra-ammin-copper(II)-hydroxide see CUOXAM

tetranitromethane method 829

textile filaments, dissolving pulp

applications 1025

TGW see thermo groundwood

thermal conductivity, black liquor 972

thermal pre-treatment, refiner process 1100

thermal processes, refiner process 1101

thermal stability, hydrogen peroxide 863–865

thermo groundwood 1092

thermomechanical pulp 1098

energy consumption 13

role in global pulp production 12

screening system 1120

thick liquor, separate extraction 975

thickening factor (T) 584–585

thickness distribution, fiber wall (after

centrifugal cleaning) 585

thin-layer chromatography 1232

thiosulfate

formation 423

model reaction with vanillyl alcohol 424

role in sulfur-containing carbohydrates

formation 422–424

three-stage screening, cascade feedback

arrangement 596

three-stage sequence, hydrogen peroxide

application 872

Tilghman, Benjamin 6, 392

Tilia americana, inorganic composition 40

time-of-flight secondary ion mass

spectroscopy 60

tissue structure, wood characterization level

21

titration curve

titrator base Mg(OH)2 399

titrator base NaOH 399

TMP see thermomechanical pulp

TMP line

single-stage 1109

two-stage 1110

TMS see trimethylsilyl ethers

TNM see tetranitromethane method

ToF-SIMS 60

Tomlinson-type chemical recovery boiler 992

torus, cellulose microfibrils 47

total alkali, kraft cooking active chemicals

114

total ash

commercial paper-grade pulp 1014

pulp 1220

total reduced sulfur 1002

total titratable alkali, kraft cooking active

chemicals 114–115, 988

total weight of wet wood 124

totally chlorine free bleaching see TCF

bleaching

Tower scrapers, Metso 624

toxic compounds, kraft pulping 112

tracheids

cell components 46

softwoods 51

wood cells 49

transition metal ions 814–816

reactions with hydrogen peroxide 854

transition metals

hydrogen peroxide decomposition 860

ozone decomposition 789

transparency, sheets 1280

transport systems, wood yard operations

95–106

transversal diffusion coefficient, dependency

on temperature and activation energy 140

transversal groundwood 1079

traveling screw reclaimer, chip storage 103

tree-free” paper 14

Trichoderma longibrachiatum 822

triglycerides, hardwoods 38

trimethylglucose, conformers 1231

trimethylsilyl ethers, monosaccharides

determination 1231

tropolone derivates 37

softwoods 35

TSR see total reduced sulfur

Tsuga, inorganic composition 40

Tsuga canadensis

chemical composition of wood 23

hemicelluloses, nonglucosic units 29

TTA see total titratable alkali