Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
Макулатура стр 1147.doc
Скачиваний:
8
Добавлен:
20.11.2018
Размер:
5.28 Mб
Скачать

Virgin fibers

Secondary fibers

Consumption, 106 tons

2.6 % p. a.

5.8 % p. a.

____ ___ _ ___ __ _ ______ __ ___ __ __ __!__ _____ ___

___ ____ _____ ___ _____ ___ _____ _________ __"#$%__

____ _ _________ ________ _____ __ _____ ___ ________

____ __ ___) ___ ____ ,__ ___ __________ __ ___ __ _________ _ ___ _____ ___

__ ___) __ _ __ ___ ___ ____ _ __ ___ _ _____ __ __ '____ __ ______ ______

!____ _ __ __ ___ _ ____ _ ____ _ _______ ____" _ _ ____ __#) __ __

3____ ____ _____ ____ __ _______ ____'___ _________ ___ __________ __ _____

__ ___ __ _________ _ ___ ______ __ _/D__ __ _//___ &__ _____ __ ___ __

________ ______ __ _______ __ ______ _ _____ _________ __ ________ __ ___

_ ____ ___ _ _______ __ _______ _ _____

&_ __________ __ _________ _ ___ _ _____ _ _ ____ _ ___ _ ___ __ __ __ ____

_______ _ ____ _____ ___ __ __ _________ _______ _______ _/D_ __ _____ ___

_D) __ (#) _________E ___ __) __ (D) __ __ 1+23 _________E __ ___ (#) __

#D) __ *__ ___

F_____ __ ______ __ ___ _____ _ __ _____ _ _____ __ __ ____ __)_______

_ _ __ ________ __ _ _ _______

_ _________ ________ _____ __ _____ ___ ________ ____

____

_

____ ___ ___ ____

___

_____

__ ______ ________ ____ __ _____ _____ ____ __ ______ ______ ________

____ ____ _____ _______ __ ____ ___ __ _ !___"________ _" _______ ___ __#

________$ __ %___&_ !%____ ___________ __ _ &'__'_____$ _____ __ ___#

____ ____ _" ______ _____ "__ ________ ____ __ _____ (___ ____ __ ___)_

_______ *_____ __ +___ __ __, !_______ __))_____ "__ *______-____$

_ _, ./0 _____ *____1______ ___ ______ ________ ____ ____ _____ ___ ____

________ __ ___ ____ ___ ____ __ ____ __________ _______

__ ____ .2 ________ ____ _____ __ ___#_____ __ ______ __ ___ _, ./0 __

__ ____"___ __ ___ "________ "___ ______3

__ 4______ _____

+_ 5____) _____

0_ 6___ _____

/_ 7_"_ _____

8_ *____ ______

(__ "____ __)___ _" ___ ________ ____ ____ ____"_____ _______ ___ ______

__ ____ ___ ____ _______9 "__ _:)___ ____ ____ __ ;*_____ _____ ____ "__

____<___= ____ _______ __ ___ _____ _" ;_______ _____= !,__ _$_ (__ ____

/__+ __ ;>___ ________ <_"_ _= __ _______ __ ___ "_____ _____ _" ;<_"_

_____=_

&_______ ____ _____ __ ________ ___ ____"___ ____ 1____"___ 1_____ __#

_________ >______ )______ __ __"____ ______ __ _, ./0 _ )______ ___

__ _______ __ __________ (___ ______ _" _______ _)_______ __ ____ __

____ _____)____ __ __________ ,______ _)_______ __ __ "______ )____ __

___ ________ ____ ___ _ ___ _)__ __ )_____ ____________ __ _____#

____ __ _____ ___ ____ _" ___ "_______ _______ *__ ___)_ ______ ___ "________

_)_______3

_ 5___

_ ____

_ *_____

________ __ ___ ______ __ 6______ *_:_

_________ ? +__. @_A_B#C_6 C____ D)_6 E ___ 7DF @______)

_*%,3 0#8+2#0____#0

©2006 WILEY-VCHVerlag GmbH&Co .

Handbook of Pulp

Edited by Herbert Sixta

_ D___

_ (_:_____

_ @___

_ *__ __ ________ )______

_ *_______ )______

_ ;*_______ ______=

F______ __ _, ./0 ________ ____ )___ __ ________ "___ _" _______ _)__#

_____ __ _______ ____ __ _____ ______ )_____ _" _______ )______ )_

__ _______ ___ ____ _" ____ __ ____ _____ ___________ _______ ___ ____ )___

__ ___ _________

F______ __ _, ./0 ____ __ ____ _____)____ __ _________ __ _____

_____ ______ ___ ___ "__ ___ __ ______ _____ _" _1___)___ ____ __

_________ _ __ )_____ "__ ___ )__"____ _" ____ __ ____ __ _____

_)____ __ _____ _______ )<__ ___ _____ ______)___ _" ________ ____

________ ,_ _____ ____ _____ __ ____ _______ __ ______ ___ ___ "________

____ _______ __ ________ "__ _:)___3

_ %___)___-__ ____

_ _____ ____

_ __)___ __ _________" ____

_ @__#________ ____

_ @:__ _____

________ __ ___ !_____$ ________ ____ _____ ________ "__ ____<___ !_____$

_<____ )______ __ ______ _____ __ ___ _________ _ _______ _)__#

______

5_______ _, ./0 ____"___ ___ ________ ____ ______ __ ________ ____

)_______ ______ _" ___ )___ ___ __G_

__ __ ____ _)______ __ ___"_ ___ ______ __ _, ./0 ________ ____ "__)

__"___ _______ _______ __ ___ _______ "__ ___ __ ___ ____ _________ F__________

________ ____ __ ____ __________ "__) )____#)_____ ________ _____)_

________ ____ )_____ _" ______ _______ _____ )___ __ ____"____

)_<___ __ __ ___ ______ __ )_: ________ ____ "__) ____ ______ __)_<__ ____

_____ ________ ____ __ _____

(__ _)___ _" ________ ____ __ __ _____ ____ ___ _" ___ "________ ______3

_ ___ _" _______ ___ _ _____)_<__ ________ ____ __

____ !___/$ __ ______ _""__ ____ !+__8$_

_ H__)__ ____ _____ _______ __ ___ ________ ____ ___ _

)_:__ )_-____ __ _________ !____$ __ _____ ____#"___ _)#

_____ _____#___ !0__2$_

_ 5_:__ ______ ___ _ )_:__ ____ __ ____ ________ ___

_______ )______ __)____ !____$ __ )_:__ _____ __ _____

!______$ !___+$_

____ _ _________ ___ ____

(__ ___________ _" ___ _________ ________ ____ _____ __ _ "______3

_ __)____ ______ __________ _______ "______ ____"______3

_ ,__ _______ _" ________ ____ !/___$9 _______ _" ________

____ ____ ______ _" <_"_ __ _________

_ 4__ ________ ________ !___8$9 ____ __:__ __ ______ _" ____#

____ ____ _" ______ 1_______

_ 4__ ____"_____ ______ ____ _____ ______ ___ __ ___ _" ___

________ ____ ____ __ __)____ __ _____ ________3

_ _______ _______ !+__.$9 ____________ __ )_:__ _____ ______ __

___ )__ ____ __ _______ _____ _" ________ __ _______ _____

H___ "__) ____ ____ __ ___ ______

_ @____ _________ !0__/$9 _______ __ ______ _" _____ _________

_________ "___ "__) )_-___ _____

_ 5___)_) __ ):_)_) __)__ "__ _____ ____ ____ _

_)_______ _" ___ ________ ____ ____3

_ 5_:__ _____ __ ____ !______$ !___+$9 )_:____ _" ______ 1_#

______ _" ____ __ ____ ________ ):_)_) _" /_G _____#

____ __ )_-_____

_ *____)_<__ ________ ____ __ ____ !___/$9 ____ ____ __

____ _<____ ________ )___)_) _" 2_G _" ________

____ ___ __)_____ _____ _____ ____ __ _______ ______

F ____"____ __________ _" ____#________ ________ ____ )_: _))____

____ "__ ____<___ ____ ;*_____ _____ ____ "__ ____<___= !____$ __________

___)____ "__) _________ _________ __ ___ "________ ______-____3

_ *_____ _____ _____ "__) __________ _________ __ )_#

-____ __ _ )___)_) _" /_G_ (__ ________ _" ___#____<#

___ ____ __ ____ ______ __ ______ ____ __)_ __ ):_)_)

_____ _" __8G_ (__ ___ ________ __ __ __ _________ _______

_____ __ _______

__ ____ _____ __ ___ __)__ __ ):_)_) __8G _" ____ __ ____ _________

"__ ____<___ _______ _<____ _____ ________ ____ __:__ __ ____ _

____ _ ____ ______

(__ _____ _" _____ ________ ____ _____ _)______ !______ __ _, ./0$

_____ _____ ___ _ ________ )_:__ ________ ____ __ ____ !8___$ )_:__

_<____ !8__+$ __1___ ____ _<____ !8__0$ ______ <_"_ !8__/$ ___ _____

!8__8$ __ _________ _ ____ _ _______ _____ ___#________ ____#"___ _____ !8__.

__ 8__2$_

(__ ________ _" ___ _, ./0 __ )___ _" ___ ____ ___________ __ ___ ______ __

___ "__)__ D__)_ ________ ____ ____ _____ (__ D__)_ ________ _" ___

____ ________ !CI $ __ ___ _________ _" _______ __ )_____ ________

__ ______ !%I_ __ ____$ __ _____ __ ____ "__)__ _____ >___ ____ __ ____

"__) _________ __ _))____ "_______ __ _________ ___ __ ______ ___ _____#

___ __)___ _" ___ ____ ________ __1_____ )___ _______"___ ________ "__)

___ ______ ____

______ ___________ I_____ ___ ___ ___ _____ __ __ ___)_ ___ ___ __ D__#

)__ ___ ________ ________ ____ ____)__ ___ ____ _______ _____)______

"__) ______ __________ ____ ______ __ ___ _____ _" _______ ____ ______

(____"___ __ D__)__ ___ __________ _" _______ ____ _____ _______ _____"_#

____ _______ ____ __ +__+ "__) ._G __ 2_G !H___ 0__$_ I_____ ___ _)_ ____#

__ ___ ____ ____)_ _" ________ ____ ________ _______ "__) 0_0 )______ ____

__ _0_2 )______ _____

Recovered paper, 106 tons

60 %

69 %

75 %

78 %

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1980 1990 2000 2002

Ordinary grades

Medium grades

High grades

Kraft grades

Special grades

60 %

66 %

75 %

78 %

Medium, high, kraft &

special grades (cum.)

____ ___ _________ _ ___ __ __ __________ __ ______ __ ___ __ _____

(__ _)_____ ____ _" ________ ____ _____ __ _________ __ ___ F______: _" ____

_____ __ __ ___ ______ __ ___ D__)_ _______ _" D__ &_ !___________#

______""___$_

(__ _:)____ _" _____ ____ _)__ __ __"________ _____ ___ ___ ____"_#

_____ _" ________ ____ __ ___ _""___ ____ ____ __ ___ __"___ ________ ____"____

1_____ _______ __ ______ ___ __"________ __ ______ "__ __)__ ____ _ ___#

___ "_____ _____ _____ __________ __ )___)_) ________ __)_____ ______#

___ __ "_______ _______

(__ ___ _" ________ ____ __ ____ _________ __ ___ __ _ ________ _____

______ __ ____ _" ________ _____ __ +__+ ___ ____)_____ _" ________ ____

_" __ __ _ ________ __ _ "______3

_ /_G ________ __ <_"_ _____

_ +.G ____<___ _____

_ +_G )_:__ _____

_ _0G _____ _____ ________ ____ ______

____ _ _________ ___ ____

___ _____ ______ __ ___

H_____ 0_+ __________ __ ____ ____ _____ ___ ______ ______ _" ________ ____

__ _____ @_____ ________ __ <_"_ _ ____ _ )_:__ _____ !__G __ ______$

___)____ "___ ___ __ ___ _________ _" _<____ _____ __ ____ _)___ __

____<___ _____ !__G __ ______$ __ __ _____ ____ __________ (__ _____ ____#

____ ____ _____ __ ___ ____ "__ _______ _____ ____ _ _______ _" _____ ___#

______ ____ ______ (__ _________ _" _____ _____ __1_____ _)___ _1__ ______#

_____ _" __ "___ ________ ____ ____ _______

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Other graphic papers

Recovered paper utilization rate, %

Paper Production, 106 tons

Graphic

papers: 23.3 %

Total: 47.5 %

Case materials

Newsprint

Wrapping, other

Ppckaging paper

Other papers

Packaging

papers &

board: