I. Give synonyms to:

Aim, amount, flat, pile, width, creek, yp-to-date, daily, rapidly, to discharge, to demand, to travel, cause, modern.

II. Give antonyms to:

Bow, late, maximum, up, to load, to exclude, to refuse, inside, without, sunset, together.

III. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the use of the Infinitive Constructions;

A.

1. The northerly wind seems to have been blowing for several

days.

2. Ice seems to be met in this area at any period of the navi- gational season.

3. The bank appears to extend nearly one cable from the shore.

4. The weather is likely to change.

5. Navigation in the White Sea is considered to be generally practicable from the middle of May to the middle of November.

6. The depth in the bay appears to be about 3V₂ fathoms.

7. These channels are said to be open to navigation all winter.

8. This bay is reported to be frozen in winter.

9. This vessel is unlikely to be loaded today.

10. This anchorage is khown to be exposed to northerly winds.

B.

1. We watched the ship leave the port.

2. We didn't expect the ship to arrive before night.

3. We heard the fog bell strike many times.

4. I felt the wind blow from the north.

5. The shortage of coal made them call at Bombay on their way to one of the African ports.

6. They wanted us to leave the port at once.

7. We know this ship to load timber.

8. We expect our ship to arrive before midnight.

9. I saw the passenger ship of the western line enter our har­bour.

10. We supposed your ship to have arrived by 7 p. m. yester­day.

IV. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the largest ports in Europe?

2. What leading ports of the USSR do you know?

3. What are the non-freezing ports of the Soviet Union?

4. Which port in the USSR is the oldest?

5. Where is the Port of Murmansk situated?

6. When was the Port of Murmansk founded?

7. Why is the Port of Murmansk of great importance?

8. What kind of repairs can be carried out at the Port of Mur­mansk?

9. What can you say about the port of Stockholm?

10. How many vessels can the Stockholm Harbour accommo- date?

11. Where does the Boston Harbour lie?

12. How is Vladivostok connected with all ports of the world?

13. How is Boston connected to Europe?

V. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Где можно получить небольшое количество угля?

2. Где можно отремонтировать корпус судна (котлы, меха- низмы)?

3. Оборудованы ли верфи конвейерами?

4. Есть ли здесь сухой (плавучий) док?

5. Как эти острова соединяются с материком?

6. Эти острова соединяются с материком посредством мостов.

7. Есть ли телеграфное сообщение между Стокгольмом и Англией? — Да.

8. Как часто уходят суда из Стокгольма в Ленинград?

9. Вода здесь хорошая? — Нет.

10. Есть ли госпиталь для моряков в этом порту? — Да.

8. PORT REGULATIONS (ПОРТОВЫЕ ПРАВИЛА)

READING DRILL

The stress is on the 1st syllable

The stress is on the 2nd syllable

The main stress is on the 3rd syllable

The main stress is on the 4th syllable

entry

guidance

issue

quarantine government refuse

deliver

certificate

collision

manoeuvres

installation destination reservation

corresponding undermentioned signification deratization responsibility

communication acceleration

TEXT

PORT REGULATIONS

EAST LONDON: At certain of the harbours where pilotage is not compulsory the Administration may, for reason of convenience and in the interests of shipowners, appoint pilots who are servants of the Administration.

Immediately upon arrival at a harbour of any ship having on board inflammable liquids in bulk, the master shall furnish particulars thereof in writing to the Port Captain.

The master of every such ship shall, while remaining within the limits of the harbour, conspicuously display by day a red flag no less than 3 feet square, with a white circular centre 6 inches in diameter, and by night a red light at the masthead or where it can best be seen but not less than 20 feet above the deck.

ITALIAN PORTS: Sailing vessels, boats, under steam or otherwise, and tugs or other small craft within a radius of one mile of the entrance or within the waters of the above port must keep clear of all steam vessels entering or leaving. Steam vessels observing a breach of these regulations should give not less than four blasts on their whistles or sirens.

U.S. PORTS: Inland rules of the road.

The U.S. Government has enacted certain regulations for pre­vailing collision, which are to be followed by all vessels navigating all its harbours, rivers and inland waters.

The limits within which these inland rules of the road are to be followed are given at the beginning of each chapter of the text, with reference to the area covered by such chapter. At all buoyed entrances from seaward to bays, sounds, rivers, or other estuaries for which specific limits have not been given, inland rules apply inshore of a line approximately parallel with the general trend of the shore, drawn through the outermost buoy.

ADDITIONAL RULES: A vessel towing a submerged or partially submerged object, when no signals are displayed by the tow, displays by day two diamond shapes, vertically disposed, the upper shape being painted in black and white horizontal bands, the lower shape red. By night the towing vessel exhibits the usual side lights, but instead of the white towing lights, she exhibits four lights vertically disposed, of which the upper and the lower are white, the two middle lights are red.

Vessels must not run over anchor buoys, stakes or other marks placed for guidance of floating plant working in channel and may not anchor on thejeading lines of buoys, stakes or other marks placed for the guidahce of such plant.

Unnecessary sounding of the steam whistle is prohibited within any harbour limits of the United States.

Any Master or pilot of any steam vessel who shall flash the rays of the searchlight into the pilot house of a passing vessel shall be deemed guilty of misconduct and shall be liable to have his license suspended or revoked.

QUARANTINE: Quarantine for all ports within the limits of this volume is enforced in accordance with the regulations of the United States Public Health Service. Quarantine inspection for all ports in Delaware Bay will be conducted at Harbour of Refuge, Reedy Island and Marcus Hook. Vessels bound to Baltimore should proceed direct to the quarantine anchorage off Beading Point, Patapsco River, and there undergo the required nspection.

DERATIZATION: In accordance with Article 28 of the International Sanitary Convention of 21st June, 1926, deratization can be carried out, and deratization exemption certificates can be issued to vessels at the following places: Marcus Hook, Baltimore, Southport, Savan­nah.

Word-building
Adjective (a)	Adverb (ado)	Adjective (a)	Adverb (adv)
direct	directly	gradual	gradually
general	generally	usual	usually
natural	naturally	quick	quickly
proper	properly	fair	fairly
vertical	vertically	horizontal	horizontally
particular	particularly	sufficient	sufficiently
careful	carefully	careless	carelessly
regular	regularly	immediate	immediately
rapid	rapidly	dependent	dependently
approximate	approximately	frequent	frequently

EXERCISES

I. Give synonyms to:

Reason, area, upon, estuary, various, to reduce, to request, to receive, to anchor, to indicate.

II. Give antonyms to:

To permit, to agree, to include, to unload, upward, apart, down, below, sunrise, thick weather, before, stern.

III. Translate the following sentences into Russian and define the functions and forms of the -mg-forms:

1. In case of the port being closed vessels should keep a care­ful lookout for the signals of lights.

1. Vessels must stop in the event of a gun being fired from a coast battery.

2. In case of the fog surrounding the vessel she must keep giv­ing short blasts at regular intervals.

3. When the signal is seen the vessel must proceed to the ex­amination vessel, wind and sea permitting.

4. The boat having approached the shore, the man jumped out of it.

5. The navigation in this sea is easy, the weather being gen­erally fine.

6. There are two points in N., the approach to them depending on weather conditions.

IV. Translate the following sentences into Russian and define the form of the predicate:

1. Merchant vessels are permitted to call at ports where custom stations are established.

1. These signals denote that vessels are absolutely prohibited from entering.

3. A vessel is to hoist a pilot flag when approaching D. Bay.

4. Captains are to obey all these signals.

5. Except in case of great emergency, no vessel should be an­chored in the entrance to N. Bay.

6. Icebreakers can be followed only by strong vessels of good power.

V. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the use of either, neither, either ... or and neither ... nor:

1. Wreck marks, either buoys or vessels, are painted green.

2. Anchor on either side of the bridge!

3. Vessels may either bring up in a depth from 10 to 16 fath­oms, or proceed eastward to the anchorage on the north side of K.

4. Neither of these channels should be used by vessels more than 23 feet draught.

5. Anchorage can be obtained with off-shore winds on either side of the island.

6. This anchorage may be entered either from the eastward or from the westward.

7. If proceeding to the head of the bay, avoid K. Bank by clos­ing either shore while in its vicinity.

8. Neither this nor that buoy can be relied on.

9. You can pass that buoy on either side.

10. A submarine cable laid between the D. south coast of B. and N. and marked on either coast by cable beacons, should be avoided.

11. The system of buoyage of any country comprises marks (fixed or floating) which serve to indicate by day either existing dangers or the limits of navigable channels.

12. Neither the eastern nor the western channel can be entered without a pilot.

13. This danger is marked by either a light-vessel or a light-buoy.

14. The most important stations are supplied with either a motorboat or a decked sailing boat, in which the pilots meet ves­sels at sea.

15. Neither of these channels can be entered without local knowledge.

VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying atten- tion to the use of the word should:

1. From northward, vessels should keep about one mile from the coast.

2. Large vessels should not approach B. without a depth of 6 fathoms.

3. This rock should be given a wide berth.

4. We wired that we should arrive at 5 p. m. on Saturday.

5. The ship should enter this harbour only during high water.

6. This place should be given a berth of 2 or 3 cables.

7. Should P. Light-vessel be away from the station, B. Light- beacon will be a guide for passing between K. and P.

8. The signal should not be used without real necessity.

9. The harbour should be approached by strangers from the southward as local knowledge is necessary to cross the bank be­tween N. and the mainland.

10. Moderate draught vessels should be careful to avoid the 2³/₄ fathom shoal situated abreast the isthmus.

11. Large vessels should not take this route.

12. To pass westward of M. in a depth of 7 fathoms, P. should be kept in line with R. about 035°.

13. Should the warning signal be made by night, it is advisable to anchor outside Danish territorial waters, or remain in harbour.

14. You should leave this buoy to port (to starboard).

15. Ths island should not be closed within a depth of 7 fath­oms.

16. The south side of K. should nowhere be approached nearer 3 cables.

17. Should it be necessary for a steam or sailing vessel when approaching to keep clear of a squadron, the leading ship of the squadron will hoist by day the International Code signal.

VII. Answer the following questions:

1. What signals indicate that the entrance to the port is prohibited?

2. What must a vessel do in case the entrance to the port is prohibited?

3. When can the entrance to the port be prohibited? (In what case, in which case...?).

4. What flag must a vessel arriving from abroad hoist before entering a port?

5. What are the regulations for vessels wishing to be conducted through the ice by the U.S.S.R. icebreaker?

6. What sound signals must be used when vessels are conduct­ed through the ice?

7. What kind of signals must be shown by day and at night from a flagstaff in the harbour area, or from a lookout station, or from the light-vessel?

8. What does a light between two green lights mean?

9. What must be done if a warning shot is fired?

10. What must the captain of the ship having explosives on board do on arrival?

11. What are the U.S.S.R. ports of entry in the Arctic Ocean and the White Sea?

12. What do three red balls (ligths) disposed vertically mean?

VIII. Translate the following into English:

1. Каковы здесь портовые правила (сборы)?

2. Где мне можно пришвартоваться?

3. Как долго надо ждать агента?

4. Когда портовые власти придут на судно?

5. Когда можно сойти на берег? — Можно сойти на берег, как только таможенные чиновники уйдут с судна.

6. Есть ли у Вас на судне какие-либо взрывчатые вещества? — У меня на судне есть патроны и спички.

7. Что означает этот сигнал? — Этот сигнал означает, что вход в порт запрещен и надо ждать.

8. Вход в порт запрещен во время тумана, плохой погоды или снега. ^/

9. До входа в порт суда, прибывающие из-за границы, долж­ны поднять карантинный флаг.

10. Суда, следующие за ледоколом, не должны обгонять друг друга.

10. Все вышеуказанные огни расположены вертикально.

11. Каждое судно, которое требуется провести ледоколом че­рез лед, должно иметь достаточно угля и провизии.