Вариант 4

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола - сказуемого.

1. The aborigines taught the early settlers to hunt wild animals.

2. This technology has already been applied to the production of several tools.

3. Many other applications are under investigation in laboratories.

4. The ecologists are trying to preserve our evironment for futture generation.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it,that,one.

1. One should be very careful working with the sharp instruments.

2. I’m afraid that the prices will increase sharply.

3. This is the model of the first automobile. It was propelled by steam.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be,to have,to do.

1. One engineer doesn’t deal with every phase of development of a complex mechanism.

2. Nowadays any investigator does work having access to the scientific information.

3. The experts are to take into account the results of the test.

4. The graduates have an optimal combination of theoretical knowledge and practical skill.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзные подчинения.

1. The dam they built last year made it possible to obviate the danger of the flood.

2. They state automation is the third phase in the development of technology

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.

1. Let us call Jane on the telephone.

2. They are going to let him fix the car by himself.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложениях.

1. The flowing water is an unlimited source of energy.

2. The laboratory assistants keep on making experiments.

3. Powerful modern machinery allowed to complete a great deal of work last year.

7. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4 абзацы текста.

The Development of Computers

1. The first computers used thousands of separate elec­trical components connected together with wires. In the late 1940s, computers were made using vacuum tubes¹, resistors, and diodes. These computers were called first generation computers.

2. In 1956, transistors were invented. Transistors are made from materials called semiconductors. Computers using transistors were called second generation com­puters. Second generation computers were smaller than first generation computers. Second generation computers also used less electrical power. Both first and second gen­eration computers were very expensive.

3. Computer components (such as transistors, diodes, resistors) can now be made from semiconductor mate­rials of different shapes. Nowadays, complete circuits can be made from a single piece of semiconductor, called a chip. Such circuits are called integrated circuits² (ICs).

4. Computers using integrated circuits were first produced in the 1960s. They were known as third genera­tion computers. Their integrated circuits had about 200 components on a single chip. Today, we can produce more than 100,000 components on a single chip. A chip can be as small as 0.5 cm square.

5. With the invention of chips, computer manufacture has become much simpler. The manufacturer does not have to connect thousands of components together. Most of the connections are made inside the chip. It is even possible to build a complete in a single chip. A processor on single is called a microprocessor.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. vacuum tubes – электронные лампы

2. integrated circuits – интегральные схемы