- •Lesson 1
- •I. Arrange synonyms in pairs and memorize them:
- •II. Arrange antonyms in pairs and memorize them:
- •III. Read and translate the text: “electronic principles”
- •VI. Complete the following sentences, using active vocabulary:
- •VII. Which of the following statements are true or false? If the statement is wrong, correct it:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions:
- •IX. Put the questions to the following sentences:
- •X. Translate the sentences. Define the function of Gerund:
- •XI. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the functions of the Gerund:
- •Lesson 2
- •V. Complete the following sentences, using active vocabulary:
- •VI. Which of the following statements are true or false? If the statement is wrong, correct it:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Put the questions to the following sentences:
- •IX. Translate the sentences. Explain the conditional sentences:
- •XI. Read the following supplementary text and translate it without a dictionary; entitle it.
- •Lesson 3
- •I. Arrange synonyms in pairs:
- •II. Read and translate the text: “the electron tubes”
- •VI. Complete the following sentences, using active vocabulary:
- •VII. Which of the following statements are true or false? If the statement is wrong, correct it:
- •VIII. Answer the following questions:
- •IX. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the -ing form:
- •X. Define the part of the speech of each world:
- •XI. Explain the suffiхes “-able”
- •I. Memorize the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations:
- •II. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the following English word combinations.
- •III. Read and translate text: “how electric light is produced”
- •I. Fill in the blanks with following words:
- •II. Arrange synonyms in pairs and translate them:
- •IV. Put the words in order:
- •V. Complete the following sentences, using active vocabulary:
- •VI. Which of the following statements are true or false? If statement is wrong, correct it:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Describe an electric lamp and the process of producing the light in it.
- •IX. Define the tense-forms of the verbs in the following sentences and translate them into
- •X. Render the text, according to the scheme. Lesson 4 Text: Amplifiers
- •1. Pronounce the following words paying attention to the letter combinations:
- •II. Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:
- •III. Read and translate the text: “amplifiers”
- •Post-text exercises
- •I. Find the English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations:
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Translate the following definitions and memorize the terms:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Subject clauses:
- •IX. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Predicative clauses:
- •X. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Object clauses. Name the tenses:
- •XI. Change the following sentences into Indirect speech. Mind the Sequence of Tenses:
- •XII. Read the following supplementary text and translate it using, a dictionary.
- •XIII. Say a few words about the types of amplifiers and their application. Lesson 5 Text: What is amplitude modulation and % ge of modulation?
- •I. Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:
- •II. Read and translate the text: “what is amplitude and % ge of modulation”
- •Post-text exercises:
- •V. Complete the following sentences, using active vocabulary:
- •VI. Which of the following statements are true or false? If the statement is wrong, correct it:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Translate the following definitions and memorize the terms:
- •IX. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the attributive clauses:
- •X. Translate the following sentences paving attention to the adverbial clauses:
- •XI. Retell the text according to the scheme. Lesson 6 Text: Communication
- •I. Arrange synonyms and antonyms in pairs and memorize them:
- •II. Read and translate the text: “communication”
- •Post-text exercises
- •V. Complete the following sentences, using active vocabulary:
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Memorize the following terms:
- •VIII. State the functions of the Infinitive and translate the sentences:
- •IX. Translate the sentences paying attention to the forms of the Infinitive:
- •X. Read the following supplementary text and translate it without a dictionary; entitle it.
- •XI. Speak on the problems:
- •Lesson 7
- •I. Pronounce the following words paying attention to the stress markings:
- •II. Learn the following words
- •III. Find the English equivalents for the following Ukrainian words and word combinations:
- •VI. Read and translate the text: “messages by electricity”
- •I. Give the Ukrainian equivalents for the following English word combinations:
- •II. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Ukrainian word combinations:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with the following words:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of Perfect Tenses:
- •IX. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the functions of "it":
- •X. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the functions of "that":
- •XI. Translate the following words paying attention to the suffixes;
- •XII. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •XIII. Open the brackets using the correct form of the Infinitive:
- •XIV. Read the following supplementary text and translate it without a dictionary.
- •XV. Describe the way electricity is used for sending messages. Lesson 8
- •I. Pronounce the following words paying attention to the stress markings:
- •II. Learn the following words
- •III. Read and translate the text: “the electric telegraph”
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Translate the following definitions and memorize the terms:
- •VII. Open the brackets using the correct tense form:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the verbs in the Passive Voice:
- •IX. Use the Passive Voice (with the preposition "by") in the following sentences:
- •X. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the tense forms of the verb:
- •XI. Analyze the following words and translate them paying attention to the negative prefixes:
- •XII. Read the following supplementary text and translate it without a dictionary; entitle it.
- •Lesson 9 Text: The History of Telephone
- •IV. Read and translate the text: “the telephone”
- •I. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the following English words and word combinations:
- •II. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Ukrainian word combinations:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with the following words:
- •IV. Arrange synonyms in pairs and translate them:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Translate the following definitions and memorize the terms:
- •VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the tense forms of the verbs in the Passive Voice:
- •VIII. Complete the following sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •IX. Translate the following sentences:
- •X. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the -ing- forms. Define what part of speech they are:
- •XI. Fill in the blanks with the following prepositions:
- •XII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of the conjunctions:
- •Lesson 10
- •I. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Ukrainian word combinations:
- •II. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the following English words and word combinations:
- •III. Put the words in order:
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with the following words:
- •V. Complete the following sentences, using active vocabulary:
- •VI. Which of the following statements are true or false? If the statement is wrong, correct it:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Open the brackets using the correct tense form:
- •IX. Form Participle I and Participle II of the following verbs:
- •X. Translate the following sentences paying attention to Participle I and Participle II:
- •XI. Read the following supplementary text and translate it using a dictionary. Put your own questions on the text and discuss them with your fellow-students; entitle it.
- •Lesson 11 Text: Main task and application of radio
- •I. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the following English words and word combinations:
- •II. Read and translate the text: “radio”
- •I. Without understanding the inquiries of pure science we cannot follow the story of radio. Try to remember all information that you know about the radio.
- •II. Say about a. S. Popov’s contribution to the development of radio.
- •III. Match following words and word combinations with the Ukrainian:
- •IV. Arrange antonyms in pairs and memorize them:
- •V. Arrange synonyms in pairs and memorize them:
- •VI. Put the words in order:
- •VII. Fill in the blanks with the following words:
- •VIII. Complete the following sentences, using active vocabulary:
- •IX. Match terms with the proper definitions:
- •X. Give the definitions to the terms:
- •XI. Which of the following statements are true or false? If the statement is wrong, correct it:
- •XII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the word "broadcast". State what part of speech this word belongs to:
- •XIII. Answer the following questions:
- •XIV. Put the questions to the following sentences:
- •XV. Choose the correct form of the verb.
- •Lesson Text: Radio Waves
- •I. Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:
- •II. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the following English words and word combinations:
- •III. Read and translate the text: “radio waves”
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Speak on different kinds of radio waves and their use in communication.
- •IX. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:
- •X. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive and its function:
- •I. Find the Ukrainian equivalents for the following English words and word combinations:
- •II. Read and translate the text: “television”
- •I. Try to remember the origin of the word “Television”.
- •III. Match following words and word combinations with the Ukrainian:
- •IV. Arrange synonyms and antonyms in pairs and memorize them:
- •V. Fill in the blanks with the following words:
- •VI. Complete the following sentences, using active vocabulary:
- •VII. Which of the following statements are true or false? If the statement is wrong, correct it:
- •XII. Open the brackets using the correct form of the Infinitive:
- •XIII. Use the Objective Infinitive Construction in the following sentences:
- •XIV. Use the Subjective Infinitive Construction in the following sentences:
- •XV. Read the following supplementary text and translate it using a dictionary. Put your own questions on the text and discuss them with your fellow-students.
- •I. Memorize the following English words and word-combinations:
- •I. Give the Ukrainian equivalents for the following English words and word combinations:
- •II. Put the words in order:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with the following words and word combinations:
- •IV. Complete the following sentences, using active vocabulary:
- •V. Which of the following statements are true or false? If the statement is wrong, correct it:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Translate the following definitions and memorize the terms:
- •IX. Change the following sentences into Indirect speech. Mind the Sequence of Tenses:
- •X. Read the following supplementary text and translate it without a dictionary
- •XI. Speak on the problems:
- •XII. Render the text: “What is a computer”
- •Processing hardware
- •Storage hardware
- •VI. Fill in the blanks with necessary words:
- •VII. Give the definitions to the following words:
- •VIII. Which of the following statements are true or false?
- •IX. Answer the following questions:
- •X. Retell the text. Speak about the basic parts of computer.
- •XI. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Predicative clauses:
- •XII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Object clauses. Name the tenses:
X. Render the text, according to the scheme. Lesson 4 Text: Amplifiers
Pre-text exercises
1. Pronounce the following words paying attention to the letter combinations:
th: they, there, that, without, thus, other, thousand, through, thought, fifth
sh: show, short, relationship, should, finish, sheet, shape, shift
ch: change, which, such, research, characteristic, chemistry, charge, cheap, check, choice, choose
II. Memorize the pronunciation of the following words:
diagrams, terminals, linear, transfer, domain, amplitude, response, tangent, impedance, successive, attenuation, cycle, delay , ratio, zero
III. Read and translate the text: “amplifiers”
To "amplify" means to make bigger or enlarge. An amplifier is a piece of electrical equipment for making signals bigger. In Fig. 2 the amplifier is shown as a "black box" with two terminals on the left and two on the right. In diagrams signals move from left to right where possible, so the input signal is connected across the two terminals on the left, and the output is taken from across the two terminals on the right. The box in Fig. 2 is a four terminal device with two ports. A great many amplifiers are three terminal devices as shown in Fig.3, but they are still two port. If an input signal is perfectly reproduced at the output of the amplifier, changed only by being bigger, then the amplifier is "linear". This is shown in Fig. 4. The straight line which gives the relationship between the input and the output signal is called the transfer characteristic for the device, a linear amplifier in this case. The ratio of the amplitude of the output signal to that of the input signal is called the gain. For a linear amplifier the gain is constant, that is, the tangent 9 is a constant. A delay, it is shown in Fig. 4. If all parts of the output signal are delayed by the same amount, this is not bad. Fig. 5 shows an amplifier which must operate under certain conditions in order to be linear.
The input signal amplitude must not be greater than A and must operate about the point P on the transfer characteristic. Point P is the operating point for the amplifier. If the operating point moves, because of changes in temperature or power supply levels, or if the input signal A is too great, then the output signal will be distorted.
So far amplifiers have been described by the use of waveforms, that is, in the time domain. They can also be completely described by their response to sinusoids, that is, in the frequency domain. An amplifier that is linear has the frequency domain characteristics of constant gain for sinusoids over the frequencies of interest and phase delays proportional to their frequencies. Fig. 6 should make this statement clear. When phase delay is proportional to frequency, then the time delay At is constant for all the parts of the signal in the time domain. It is not possible to have the ideal gain and phase characteristics shown in Fig, 6 over the whole frequency range.
Amplifiers are named by the frequency range over which they operate. Amplifiers which have the required characteristics at zero frequency and higher are called d.c. amplifiers. A v.f. amplifier is for voice frequencies, 300 to 3,300 cycles per second (Hertz). A Hi-Fi(high fidelity) amplifier might have a range from 20 to 25,000 Hz.
An amplifier may have only one active element in it to change the power from its power" supply into enlarged signal wanted. This is called a single stage amplifier. If more amplification is needed, amplifiers can be connected in tandem. For instance, an amplifier with four active elements providing four successive stages of amplification is a four stage amplifier. A power amplifier is designed to transfer the most power to its load. If the load is resistive, then Zout is designed to be equal to R. The gain of a power amplifier is the ratio of the output power (transferred to the load) to that provided at its input. This ratio is written in a special way. For example, if the gain of an amplifier is 100, then this is written first as 102 the 2 is then multiplied by 10, and the result written as 20 db; db means decibel (pronounced "dee-bee", the word "decibel" is rarely used in conversation and "bel" is never heard).
Some amplifiers are designed to be non-1inear. For example, when playing a record a magnetic pick-up head has a poor frequency response at the "low end" (of its frequency range). This is shown in Fig. 7. In order to correct this, signal levels or amplitudes in the low end of the frequency range are emphasized by a non-linear amplifier. When an amplifier is provided only for emphasis to correct the signal, and is then followed, in tandem, by a linear amplifier, then pre-emphasis is being used. The opposite of gain is attenuation. This can be shown graphically as negative gain if a db scale is used, or as a gain less than one if a linear scale is used.