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ГЛАВА 8. ЛЕКАРСТВЕННАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ГЛИЦИРРИЗИНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ И ФОСФАТИДИЛХОЛИНА СОИ: МЕХАНИЗМ ДЕЙСТВИЯ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ
C конца 60-х годов прошлого века одним из способов репарации поврежденных мембран гепатоцитов в медицинской практике было использование растительных ФЛ [1]. Первым препаратом, действующим по такому механизму, был эссенциале ("Nattermann", Германия) [1-5], инъекционная форма которого представляет собой смесь соевого фосфатидилхолина (СФХ) и солей желчных кислот. Однако известно, что желчные кислоты, в частности, дезоксихолат, являются сильными детергентами и оказывают побочные токсические эффекты, поэтому мнения клиницистов в отношении эффективности этого препарата противоречивы. В связи с этим проблема разработки новых эффективных препаратов мембранорепарирующего действия для лечения заболеваний печени, особенно вирусных гепатитов, учитывая их высокую распространенность, остается по-прежнему актуальной [2, 6].
Многочисленными исследованиями 60-х - 90-х годов было показано, что эффективность фосфолипидной терапии печени обусловлена тем, что вводимые в кровь фосфолипиды быстро поглощаются клетками печени, нормализуют активность клеточных ферментных систем и повышают детоксицирующую функцию органа [1, 7].
Однако возможность их широкого применения в клинике ограничена существованием единственного фосфолипидного препарата (эссенциале) и отсутствием отечественных аналогов, что
и обуславливает разработку и внедрение в клиническую практику новых лекарств на фосфолипидной основе, способствующих восстановлению структуры и функций поврежденных клеток печени.
В мировой литературе хорошо обоснована эффективность применения ГК. Особо необходимо отметить ее противовирусное действие, основанное на модуляции иммунных свойств в организме и индукции ИФН-γ (см. главу 7). В виде препарата неоминафаген С ГК применяется в Японии для лечении "аллергических" и вирусных гепатитов уже более 30 лет [8-10]. В Российской Федерации до настоящего времени этот препарат не зарегистрирован.
Исследования по выяснению роли фосфатидилхолина и ГК в репарации гепатоцитов и восстановлении их функциональной активности были начаты в нашей стране в НИИ физикохимической медицины МЗ РФ и затем продолжены в ГУ НИИ биомедицинской химии РАМН в период 1975-1985 г.г. [11].
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