Ридер КВ часть 2 / ПОЛИТСОЦИОЛОГИЯ / Вебер / Weber - The Sociology of Religion / Weber - The Sociology of Religion

[25]We shall forego here any consideration of the general question regarding the "bringer of salvation" as raised by Breysig. Not every anthropomorphic god is a deified bringer of salvation, whether external or internal salvation. And certainly not every provider of salvation became a god or even a savior, although such phenomena were widespread. [Kurt Breysig, Die Entstehung des Gottesgedankens und der Heilbringer (Berlin: Bondi, 1905).]

[26][John 8:14]

[27][John 8:19]

[28][John 14:6]

[29][Amos 7:14]

[30][2 Thessalonians 3:10]

[31]The Prophetic Age is so brilliantly analyzed by Rohde. [Erwin Rohde, The Cult of Souls and Belief in Immortality Among the Greeks (London: Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1925)]

[32][Deuteronomy 15:1-3]

[33][Deuteronomy 34:10]

[34]["Among these sinners, we know, Yima was included, Vivanghen's son, who desiring to satisfy men gave our people flesh of the ox to eat. From these shall I be separated by Thee, O Mazda, at last" (Avesta 33:8).]

[35][Prophetic Age]

[36]The strong impact of the Persian Prince, Cyrus (424?-401 BC), upon the Greeks is mirrored, for instance, in the fact that a pedagogical treatise by Xenophon (430?-355? BC) was formulated as a Cyropaedia ("Education of Cyrus") despite the defeat of this monarch.

[37]Bartholomae translates the Sodalen of the Gatha for apostle. [Sodalen were the members of the first rank in Zoroastrianism; the second rank was constituted by the knights, the third by the peasants. (Christian Bartholomae, trans. And ed., Die Gathas des Avesta. Zarathushtras Verspredigten. Strassburg: Truebingen, 1905), 130]

[38][CA, Leader and followers]

[39]There is an almost ineradicable misunderstanding that the majority or even all of the Chinese are regarded as Buddhists in religion. The fact is that many Chinese are brought up in the Confucian ethic (which alone enjoys official approbation), consult Taoist divining priests before building a house, mourn deceased relatives according to the Confucian ritual, and also arrange for Buddhist death mass.

[40]The Achaemenids, as their documents demonstrate, were not Zoroastrians, but rather, followers of Mazda.

[41]The concept of "confessional community" belongs to the analysis of rulership. [RR, Confessional Community]

[42][RR, Sect]

[43][Gathas where? soma as abomination of Ahura-mazda]

[44][separation education from priest by bureaucracy, BU or RR]

[45][Ezra 10:11; Nehemiah 13:17]

[46]Oldenberg has emphasized. [Hermann Oldenberg, Die Religion der Veda, 1894]

[47][Judges 5:1-10]

[48]["The struggle of the original Swiss cantons situated along the St. Gotthard route against Zurich, of the Samnites against Rome, the Aetolians against the Hellenic city leagues and the Macedonian kings. With slight inaccuracy one might say: it was the struggle of the mountain against the plain" (AJ, 54).

Refer also CI, Swiss]

[49][LA, Natural Law]

[50]Harnack decisively demonstrated it [Adolf Harnack, Die Mission und Ausbteitung des Christentums in den ersten drei Jahrhunderten (Leipzig: Hinrich, 1905), Part IV, esp. 539.]

[51][Greek remained warrior ideal]

[52][Psalms 2:8; Isaiah 2:4]

[53][The principle that justifies the use of force against heretics, or deceitful proselytizing; derived from a misinterpreted passage in Luke 14:23. Cf. LA, chap. VIII:v, n. 26.]

[54]I could make the observation that at the first appearance of von Egidy (Lieutenant-Colonel, Ret.) The Officers' Clubs entertained the expectation, inasmuch as the right of such criticism of orthodoxy was obviously open to any comrade, that His Majesty would seize the initiative in demanding that the old fairy tales, which no honest fellow could manage to believe, would not be served up at the military services any longer. But, naturally enough, when no such thing happened it was readily recognized that the church teaching, just as it was, constituted the best fodder for the recruits. [Weber's note. Lt.-Col. Moritz von Egidy was cashiered in 1890 after publication of an attack on dogmatic Christianity. Cf. Also Weber's contemporary observations in Jugendbriefe, 334-37.]

[55]But the superstitious officials may participate it, as is the case with spiritualism among the German today (1915).

[56]["As a stratum with purely economic interests, the freedmen provided an ideal public for the cult of Augustus as the "Bringer of the Peace." The dignity of the Augustales, which was created by the first Princeps, played somewhat the same role as in our time the title of "Purveyor to His Majesty the King. 99" (SC, chap. XVI:v, n. 29.)]

[57][Matthew 13:55; Acts 18:3]

[58][Romans 11:24]

[59][RE, Peasant:Christianity]

[60][no ethical rationalization in Indian citizen The Religion of India, 306 ff]

[61]The servants were presumably the freed persons of Emperor Claudius (AD 41-54) [Romans 16:11]

[62]According to the appealing hypothesis of Deissmann. [Romans 6:18-22; 1 Corinthians 7:21-23]

[63]Of course the Old Testament terms for redemption, gaal and pada, must also be regarded as a possible source of the Christian concepts.

[64]Sombart has already demonstrated this point in fine fashion. [Werner Sombart, Das Proletariat (Frankfurt: Ruetten und Loening, 1906), 75 ff. And id., Sozialismus und soziale Bewegung, 1908, 6th ed., 25.]

[65][RE or LA, ethic and natural law]

[66][religiosity of disprivileged strata, see Strata and Sense of Dignity]

[67][status and class IX:6]

[68][RE, Caste Ethic]

[69][Deuteronomy 15:6]

[70]This is first noticed by Nietzsche. According to Nietzsche and in direct inversion of the ancient belief of Hebrew, the unequal distribution of this-worldly goods is caused by the sinfulness and the illegality of the privileged; and that sooner or later God's wrath will overtake them. In this theodicy of the disprivileged, moralism serves as a means for compensating a conscious or unconscious desire for vengeance. [Friedrich Nietzsche, Werke (Leipzig: Kroener, 1930), II,38 and 98 f.]

[71][Psalms 58:10; Psalms 79:10; Psalms 94:1; Psalms 99:8; Psalms 149:7]

[72]Some of these passages are admittedly later interpolation into earlier compositions, in which this sentiment was not originally present.

[73][Ahaziah, the prince of Juda, died 942 BC, and Josiah, the prince Juda, in 609 BC at Megido]

[74][Luke 16:20-25]

[75][Deuteronomy 32:35; Romans 12:19]

[76][Matthew 9:10-11; Matthew 11:19]

[77][Matthew 19:21-26]

[78]The limited significance of the factor of "resentment," and the dubiousness of applying the conceptual schema of "repression" almost universally, appear most clearly when Nietzsche mistakenly applies his scheme to the altogether inappropriate example of Buddhism.

[79]It is possible of course that the actual development went in the other direction, so that the recommendation of world-renunciation to the Brahmin who "has seen the son of his son" is the later of the two phenomena, and a borrowing of Shramanas.

[80][RE, Mysticism]

[81]Modern psychopathology has not yet formulated uniformly applicable rules for these processes.

[82]Dvorak has correctly translated the term. [Rudolf Dvorak, Chinas Religionen (Muenster: Aschendorff, 1895) vol. I, "Confucius und seine Lehre," 122; cf. Also GAzRS, I, 449.]

[83][Job 29:10; Job 34:16-18]

[84][Proverbs 14:28-35]

[85][Proverbs 31:1]

[86][Ben Sirach 1:prolouge]

[87][Ben Sirach 34:9-11]

[88]Bousset correctly pointed out. [Wilhelm Bousset, Die Religion des Judentums im neutestamentlichen Zeitalter (Berlin: Reuther und Reichard, 1906) sec. Ed., 187 f.]

[89][Ben Sirach 38:25-39]

[90]Meinhold has emphasized. [Johannes Meinhold, Geschichte des juedischen Volkes (Leipzig: Quelle und Meyer, 1916), 63.]

[91][Ezra 7:11-12]

[92][Zechariah 9:9; Matthew 21:5]

[93][Matthew 10:23]

[94][Matthew 13:34-35; Matthew 11:25]

[95][1 Corinthians 1:23]

[96]Harnack found a specimen of its traces in the Epistle to the Hebrews. [Adolf von Harnack, Lehrbuch der Dogmengeschichte (Tuebingen: Mohr, 1909), vol I, 104 ff; on the Didache and the ancient Christian distinction between apostles, prophets and charismatic teachers, see id., Die Mission und Ausbreitung des Christentums in den ersten drei Jahrhunderten (Leipzig: Hinrich, 1902), 237-51.]

[97][RE, Monasticism West and East]

[98]Large segments can be interpreted something like orthodoxy 10 percent and liberals 90 percent.

[99]Indeed, a recent questionnaire submitted to thousands of German workers disclosed the fact that their rejection of the belief in god was motivated, not by scientific arguments, but by their difficulty in reconciling the idea of providence with the injustice and imperfection of the social order. [Adolf Levenstein, Die Arbeiterfrage (Munich: Reinhardt, 1912). See Weber, "Zur Methodik

sozialpsychologischer Enqueten und ihrer Bearbeitung," Archiv fuer Sozialwissenschaft, 2.9, 1909, 94958.]

[100][Matthew 20:16]

[101][Luke 11:20; Mark 1: 15]

[102][1 Corinthians 11:29]

[103][RE, methodology of salvation by as tool or container]

[104]According to a recent statement by Dr. Frank. [C. Frank, Studies zur babylishchen Religion, 1911]

[105][where is the discussion of virtosi and mass religiosity ??]

[106][where is the discussion of demonstration of virtositiy ??]

[107][Psalms 35:20]

[108][1 Corinthians 6:12]

[109][Meister Eckehart, Schrifte (Duesseldorf: Diederichs, 1959), Hermann Buettner, trans. And ed., P. 259 ff.]

[110][Cf. IX:3 above]

[111]It is the remark of Mallinckrodt. [Hermann Mallinckrodt (1821-74) was one of the founders of the Catholic Center Party. He was a member of the Reichstag from 1867 until 1871.]

[112][Matthew 17:16-20]

[113][Mark 6:4-6]

[114][Mark 10:51-52]

[115]It included the non-intellectual "hylics" and the mystically unilluminated "psychics."

[116][Psalms 31:23; Isaiah 63:9]

[117][Matthew 5:43; 1John 4:7]

[118][Psalms 89:26; Matthew 6:9]

[119][Analects ?]

[120][Luke 14:26]

[121]according to the interpretation of Meinhold

[122][Deuteronomy 32:35; Romans 12:19]

[123][Matthew 10:36]

[124][Matthew 10:34]

[125][Community and Society, Neighborhood, Part Two, chap. III: 2]

[126][dharmmapada ? Jain amazed Buddha's universal love]

[127][Sociology of Rulership, Noble ?]

[128][Matthew 25:31-46]

[129][The Pillar of Islam: (1) Confession of the faith in Allah, (2) Five prayer in every day, (3) almsgiving, (4) a month fasting, and (5) Pilgrimage to Mecca. The Commandments were established after the death of Muhammad.]

[130][Bhagavad-Gita chapter 18]

[131][Analects ?]

[132][Deuteronomy 15:11]

[133][Confession, Chapter 18 and 19 or No. 69-75, (Book 13:24.34)]

[134][Luke 6:35]

[135]["The Catholic ban on usury derives, in the formulation of the Vulgate: 'Do not deprive anybody of hope' (mutuum date nihil inde sperantes) perhaps from an incorrect reading, (mhden apelpizontes

instead of mhdena apelpizontes, 'Do not expect anything from it,' according to Adalbert Merx." (Weber, RR, Chapter 6 Economic Effect of Rulership, Section: Usury). http://acs2.bu.edu:8001/~moriyuki/weber/ ruler/ruler_relig/rul_rel_6.html#usur

See also Economic History, chap. 21 and P. 274.]

[136]Schulte has pointed out. [Aloys Schulte, Geschichte des mittelalterlichen Handels und Verkehrs zwischen Westdeutschland und Italien (Leipzig: Dunker & Humblot, 1900), I, 263 ff.]

[137][PE, "paradox"]

[138]Deo placere non potest. [The complete formulation reads: "Home mercator vix aut nunquam deo potest placere" -- "A merchant can hardly or never please God." The passage became important through the Decretu Gratiani (about 1150 AD). Cf. Weber, Wirtschaftsgeschichte, S. 305.]

[139][Cf. Weber, adelsgesellschaften, chap. IV, "Pisa. Das Sozietaetsrecht des Constitutum Usus," reprinted in GAzSW, 386-410.]

[140]This is so well described by H. Levy. [Hermann Levy, Economic Liberalism (London: Macmillan, 1913), chap. VI; first published in German in 1902.]

[141][Matthew 5:39, Dhammapada 10:Violence]

[142][Maccabean rulership prohibited circumcision, installed the statues of Zeus in the Jerusalem Temple and the Hellenic gymnasium during the 160s BC.]

[143]It is founded by Thomas F. Tout [1855-1929]

[144][Matthew 22:21]

[145]The investigations of Troeltsch have brilliantly demonstrated. [Ernst Troeltsch, "Das stoischchristliche Naturrecht und das moderne profane Naturrecht" (1911), in Aufsaetze zur Geistesgeschichte und Religionssoziologie (Tuebingen: Mohr, 1924), 179.]

[146][RR, Chapter ?]

[147]Troeltsch has correctly stressed the point. [Ernst Troeltsch, "Epochen und Typen der Sozialphilosophie des Christentums" (1911), op. Cit., 133.]

[148][See Class]

[149][The term "herrenlose Sklaverei" is attributed to the economist Adolf Wagner (1835-1917), a proponent of the Christian welfare state. "Racker von Staat" had in Weber's time become a humorous expression; it was a favorite phrase of the romantic king Frederick William IV of Prussia (1840-61). The words were allegedly spoken by a peasant whose personal petition the king had turned down in the name of state and order; the peasant is supposed to have said: "I knew in advance that it would not be my beloved King who would confront me but that Racker von Staat."]

[150][Mark 12:14]

[151][Psalms 94:1; Jeremiah 46:10; Ezekiel 25:12-15]

[152][Intellectual religiosity, Communal religion]

[153]It is altogether false interpretation for an internal-marriage clan or kinship to attribute to "promiscuity" of extraordinary sexual orgies as primordial institutions of everyday life.

[154]In the nature of the case, the typical client of brothels to this very day remains the traveling business-person.

[155][See Salvation by Faith, emotional faith]

[156][See Prophet]

[157][Koran 4:3, the Chapter of Women]

[158][Matthew 5:27-32]

[159][According to a tradition, the sitting woman was Yasodhara, Buddha's ex-wife (Gospel of Buddha 28: Yasodhara).]

[160][Gospel of Buddha 32:Women admitted to Sanga]

[161][1 Corinthians 7:7-8]

[162][Genesis 38:8-10]

[163][Matthew 22:30]

[164][class, See also Ancient Judaism Chapter 1]

[165]Cited by Sombart. [ Werner Sombart, The Jews and Modern Capitalism (London Fischer Unwin, 1913), 230 ff.]

[166][Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism, P. 175]

[167]In the polemic against Sombart's The Jews and Modern Capitalism, one point was not seriously questioned, namely that Judaism played a conspicuous role in the development of the modern capitalistic economy. However, this thesis of Sombart's book needs to be made more precise.

[168][On the commenda and the commandite, see Weber, Handelsgesellschaften (1889), 1924 reprint in GAzSW, 339 ff, and Economic History, chap. 17 "Forms of Commercial Enterprise." The maona comprised various types of associations employed in Italian cities for the running of a Reet or the exploitation of an overseas colony.]

[169]As Sombart correctly points out.

[170]Again Sombart has rightly stressed this point.

[171][Matthew 23:13-27]

[172][John 1:46]

[173][Matthew 12:11-12]

[174]Guttmann has correctly emphasized. [Julius Guttmann, "Die Juden and das Wirtschaftsleben," AfS, vol. 36, 1913, 149 ff. This is a critique of Sombart's book.]

[175]Where? Resentment?

[176][Romans 7:12]

[177]Wernle in particular has pointed out. [Paul Wernle, The Beginnings of Christianity (New York: Putnam), vol. II, chap. IX, esp. 192 f.]

[178][Romans 4:6-19]

[179][Galatians 5:1]

[180][Romans 8:35-39]

[181][Matthew 15:34]

[182][Koran 9:34; According to tradition, Muhammad remarked: "no monasticism in Islam."; "do not trouble yourselves and God will not trouble you. Some have troubled themselves and God has troubled them, their likes are in the hermitages and monasteries." (From Britanica Online)]

[183][see theodicy, providence]

[184][pariah religiosity, or theodicy of organic society]

[185][Sociology of Rulership]

[186][Matthew 5:3]

[187][Matthew 5:17-18]

[188][Matthew 12:11-12]

[189][Matthew 5:31-32]

[190][Romans 3:19-20]

[191][Mark 7:11-15]

[192][Joh 8:38-58; John 14:6]

[193][Mark 1:22; Mark 1:34]

[194][Mark 6:4-6; John 8:45]

[195][Matthew 9:1-30; Matthew 8:5-10]

[196][Matthew 11:21-22; Matthew 21:19]

[197][Matthew 23:37; Matthew 23:13-29]

[198][Matthew 12:31]

[199][Matthew 5:22]

[200][Matthew 7:13-14]

[201][Matthew 11:3]

[202][Matthew 18:3]

[203][Matthew 5:19-20]

[204][Luke 13:23-24; Matthew 22:14]

[205][John 12:37-40]

[206][Isaiah 1:9; Isaiah 6:9-10]

[207][Zechariah 9:9; Matthew 21:5]

[208][Matthew 9:9-12]

[209][Matthew 19:21-26]

[210][Luke 14:26]

[211][Matthew 6:24]

[212][Mark 12:30-33]

[213][Matthew 5:44]

[214][Luke 10:29-36]

[215][Matthew 18:21-22]

[216][Matthew 5:42]

[217][Matthew 5:39]

[218][Matthew 6:1-4]

[219][Luke 12:33]

[220][Luke 16:20-25]

[221][Matthew 4:17]

[222][Mark 13:30]

[223][Matthew 22:21]

[224][Matthew 6:30-34]

[225][Matthew 22:36-39]

[226][Matthew 7:15-17]

[227][John 14:28]

[228][Acts 2:1]

[229][1 Corinthians 7:20]

[230][According to notes in the manuscript, this section was to have been expanded further.]