I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the text:

1. The tunnel was constructed for pedestrians and now they use it.

2. The first attempt failed because of no possibility to dig the ground.

3. The tunneling shield was invented by Richard Trevithick in 1808.

4. A new thing about tunneling shield was the use of compressed air.

5. The construction of the tunnel was accomplished quickly.

6. No floods happened during construction period.

7. Because of floods the project was abandoned for 7 years.

8. The purpose of the tunnel was changed.

9. There was quite much controversy about construction of the tunnel.

10. Everybody has an advantage to visit the tunnel.

11. The tunnel was restored and converted into a museum.

12. The tunnel was the first to be written about.

II. Using the information given in the text complete the following table:

Location: Completion Date: Cost: Length:

Purpose: Setting: Materials: Engineer(s):

III. Answer the following questions:

1. Why was the tunnel turned from a pedestrian to a train one?

2. Why did a previous attempt to construct the tunnel fail?

3. What was Marc Brunei’s approach at the start of the project?

4. What helped the engineers dig the tunnel?

5. Describe the shield used for the excavation.

6. What was new about the tunneling shield?

7. Were the working conditions dangerous?

IV. Fill in the correct prepositions and match the collocations:

1. the use	___	as a chief engineer
2. to take	___	the new surface
3. to be constructed	___	flooding
4. to impel smth	___	the treatment
5. to place the board	___	compressed air
6. to keep	___	gas leaks
7. to divide	___	the tunnel
8. to be advanced	___	three stages
9. the drainage	___	the vacant space
10. to be impeded	___	two screws
11. the need	___	pedestrian use

V. Say in other words:

1. The tunnel cannot usually be attended. 2. As a matter of fact, the tunnel was turned into museum. 3. The construction work went forward. 4. The construction failed because of the ground conditions. 5. The workers suffered from bad conditions. 6. The project started with tunneling a large shaft. 7. Work was slow, proceeding at 10 feet a week. 8. It was necessary to repair the hole at the underside. 9. To dig, or to tunnel means to take the ground away. 10. The tunnel was closed for prolonged maintenance.

VI. Guess the words in the text:

In March 1853, one of the earliest tunnel ¹b_____ machines ground 10 feet into the Hoosac Mountain and died, never to run again. It remained stuck in its hole for many ²y_____ as a grim symbol of engineering ³f_____. In fact, it would take several failed ⁴a_____, 200 lives and 20 years to complete the Hoosac Tunnel.

When ⁵c_____ began in 1851, workers relied on gunpowder to ⁶b_____ through the mountain. Progress was slow as each blast produced only a few feet of shattered rock. In 1866, two tunnel blasting tools -- nitroglycerin and the ⁷c_____ air drill -- were used in the Hoosac for the first time. Workers blasted faster than ever before, but not without risk.

Nitroglycerine is an extremely unstable ⁸e_____. Hundreds of workers ⁹l_____ their lives in unexpected explosions. The Hoosac Tunnel remains a landmark in ¹⁰h_____-rock tunneling. Over the course of its construction, virtually every kind of tunnel ¹¹d_____ device was used to ¹²b_____ through the Hoosac Mountain -- and virtually every kind of mistake was made. Thanks to these mistakes, engineers today can build longer tunnels in a fraction of the time.