Apimondia 2015 Abstract book (South Korea)

Pollination and food security: win-win scenarios between pollinator diversity and crop yield for smallholdings worldwide

Lucas Alejandro Garibaldi

Sede Andina, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Argentina

A spouse indicated the marriage partner, he or she called “our wife or our husband”, not “my wife or my husband,”

Closing gaps in crop yield while enhancing sustainability is among the greatest challenges for achieving food security. Ecological intensification, the improvement of crop yield through ecosystem services provided by biodiversity, may be a sustainable pathway. However, data supporting such an approach are missing, especially for two billion smallholders, many of which are undernourished. Despite fruit or seed set of many crops relies on pollinators, management for improved pollination services is uncommon, likely contributing to yield gaps globally. Indeed, pollination has been neglected even in the studies analyzing the continental or global drivers of yield gaps. Pollinator deficits may be more significant than before, as (i) other resources (e.g. nutrients) are increasingly provided (e.g. fertilizers) to crops, (ii) cultivated area of pollinator-dependent crops is expanding more rapidly than the area of pollinator-independent crops, (iii) cultivated area of pollinator-dependent crops is also expanding more rapidly than the stock of managed honey bee colonies, and (iv) wild populations of pollinators are increasingly threatened. Furthermore, pollinator-dependent crops provide essential micronutrients to humans in those regions of the world where micronutrient deficiencies are common. To date, it is uncertain to what degree local populations of pollinators need to be enhanced (“flower-visitor gap”), and how much of the yield gaps (kg ha-1) can be closed by such management. Using the same coordinated protocol, we quantified to what degree enhancing flower-visitor density can close yield gaps on 344 fields from 33 pollinator-dependent crop systems in smalland large-holdings from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. For <2ha holdings, we found that yield gaps could be closed by a median of 24% through higher flower-visitor density. For larger holdings, such level of yield benefits only occurred if they sustained high flower-visitor richness. Therefore, biodiversity can compensate the negative effects of field size. Worldwide, our study demonstrates that ecological intensification can create winwin scenarios between biodiversity and crop yield.

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Perspectives in traditional ecology and landscapes of Korea

Dowon Lee, Yoori Cho

Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies

Seoul National University, Republic of Korea

A spouse indicated the marriage partner, he or she called “our wife or our husband”, not “my wife or my husband,” in the traditional societies of Korea. The nomen keeps even in contemporary Korean societies, although it sounds strange. The unique nomen may be associated with Korean peoples’ perspectives, which were derived from experiences undergone with nature and culture in the long history. In this lecture, the perspective is called “weperspective” and related to concepts of watershed and hierarchy embedded in Korean traditional knowledge and managed landscapes. Divides of watersheds are identified in many relevant maps and historical documents, including an old map which was drawn in 1402 and is currently kept in a library of Ryukoku University, Japan. Furthermore, old documents and remaining traditional villages show that in the past, Koreans preferred to locate a village nested within a watershed, enclosed by mountain ranges. In particular, they sought for a watershed, the mouth of which is well closed or narrow. They used to cover the mouth of village watershed by nurturing a grove when it was open. The preference might be related to life and culture, which relied on rice paddies that require a lot of water supply. We will discuss how well water was conserved in cropland adjacent to the village. Frequently, the enclosure of watershed was called wul, which means “fence”. It seems that the group of people who lived inside wul was called wuri, which means ‘we’ in English. Hierarchy concept seems to be intimately related to human genealogy. It is unknown when Koreans began writing family trees, but a comprehensive genealogy of mountains was compiled in the 18th century. In the genealogy of mountains, high peaks and major mountain ranges of Korea were arranged in the way as they recorded family trees of humans. Interestingly, combining ideas of watershed and hierarchy is exemplified in a map, Daedongyeojido which was carved by Jungho Kim in 1861, referring to the genealogy of mountains. We-perspective may be good and bad from time to time. New perspective seems to be complemented by experiences of bee-farming, which will be proposed in our presentation.

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Scientific Program by Commission

Scientific Commissions:

-BE: Beekeeping Economy

-BB: Bee Biology

-BH: Bee Health

-PB: Pollination and Bee Flora

-TQ: Beekeeping Technology and Quality

-AT: Apitherapy

-BR: Beekeeping for Rural Development

Program

-PS: Plenary Session

-S: Symposium

-RT: Round Table

-WS: Work-Shop

Plenary Session: Beekeeping Economy and Innovation

Chair-Person: Prof. Dr. Kunsuk WOO and Prof. Dr. Chuleui JUNG

Lotta Fabricius Kristiansen, Preben Kristiansen, Per Kryger,

Magnus Ljung, Patricia Aldea Sánchez, Josef van der Steen,

Flemming Vejsnæ s, Geoffrey Williams

Guide time: it could be often changed by chairman under condition of symposium

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