Conditionals

Conditional – 0 – умовний спосіб, використовується для опису загальновідомих фактів (зазвичай наукових)

If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.

Conditional – 1 – Умова – реальна, відноситься до теперішнього та майбутнього часів. Вживається будь-який час, що вимагається за змістом.

If you enter this department, you will not feel sorry.

Ring me up if you want to know the news.

Conditional – 2 – Умова – малоймовірна або неймовірна. Відноситься до теперішнього та майбутнього часів.

Smb. would do smth, if smb. did / were smth

He would come if he were free.

He would take part in this work if he were not so busy.

He could answer the question if you helped him.

Conditional – 3 – Умова – неймовірна. Відноситься до минулого часу.

Smb. would have done/ been smth. if smb. had done / been smth.

They would have passed the exams successfully if they had studied well.

He would have come yesterday if he had been free.

Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

1. If I lived in London, I wouldn’t have any problems with my English. 2. If people trusted and respected each other, it would make life easier. 3. If I could read people’s thoughts, it would be interesting to know everything beforehand. 4. If I were ill I wouldn’t eat anything. 5. If Mary had bought the dress yesterday, she would have spent all her money. 6. If you had given us a hint, we would have guessed your secret then. 7. It would have been helpful if somebody had met me at the airport and had taken me to the hotel. 8. He says that if he could start his life anew, he wouldn’t change anything. 9. Your houseplants wouldn’t have died if you had watered them regularly. 10. If she didn’t like roses, he wouldn’t give them to her on her birthday.

Exercise 2. Complete the following sentences.

1. If you had been at home ... . 2. If I were not so busy ... . 3. She wouldn't have done it if ... . 4. What would you answer if ... ? 5. You wouldn't have fallen ill if ... . 6. If he had sent a telegram ... . 7. The watch wouldn't have stopped if ... . 8. If it were not raining ... . 9. You would get excellent marks if ... . 10. If I had known everything ... . 11. If it were not so cold ... . 12. I'd have got there long ago if ... . 13. He would study much better if ... . 14. She wouldn't say so if ... . 15. If we knew him better ... . 16. The child wouldn't be crying if ... . 17. If you had managed to escape ... .

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the word order.

1. Had you given me the book before, I should have read it. 2. Had I been told about the conference, I should have been present at it. 3. Had I stayed at the lab yesterday, I would have finished the experiment. 4. Had I met my friend yesterday, I should have asked him to help me. 5. Were I free now, I should begin to work at the new problem. 6. Were I asked to present all the new data it would take a long time. 7. Nothing would have happened, had they not lost their way. 8. Had they studied the problem better they would have got the necessary results.

Exercise 4. Change the sentences using conditional constructures.

1. The travellers had no camera with them, so they could not take photos of the beautiful scenery. If ... 2. There was no sugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If ... 3. This house is very nice and comfortable, but it is not very good for living because it is situated close to a chemical plant and the air around is very bad. If ... 4. He is an excellent specialist, but I cannot ask his advice because I am not acquainted with him. If ... 5. You cannot enjoy this merry evening party because you have a toothache. If ... 6. You know the material well enough, but you are very absent-minded, and that's why you always make many mistakes. If ... 7. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in trouble. If ... 8. You left the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If ... 9. They spent a year in the tropics, so they got very sun-tanned. If ... 10. It rained heavily, so we got drenched to the skin. If ... 11. Why didn't you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. If ... 12. A huge black cloud appeared from behind the forest, so we had to turn back and hurry home. If ... 13. We shall not go to see them because it is very late. If ... 14. Naturally she was angry, because you were in her way. If ...

Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Я б узяв таксі, але в мене немає із собою грошей. 2. Я б зателефонував йому зараз, якщо б знав номер його телефону. 3. Якщо б ви залишили мені записку, я б зайшов до вас вчора. 4. Ми могли б переконати її, якщо б вона слідувала нашим порадам. 5. Я був би дуже вдячний, якщо б ви могли відкласти нашу зустріч до понеділка. 6. Ви б отримали більше досвіду, якщо б працювали на заводі. 7. На вашому місці я б зв’язався з досвідченими спеціалістами. 8. Ми би не наполягали, якщо б справа не була терміновою. 9. Якщо б ви були більш уважними, ви би не плутали ці імена. 10. Я б вибачився, якщо б почувався неправим. 11. Якби він не замовив цей прилад минулого тижня, ми б не змогли зробити це сьогодні: вони всі розпродані. 12. Якщо ви не полагодите принтер, я не зможу роздрукувати необхідний документ. 13. Якщо випустити об’єкт, він буде падати з постійним прискоренням. 14. Якби ми не знали про конференцію, ми б не написали тези. 15. Коли Ви закінчите нараду, Ви повинні будете заповнити документи.

Study the following grammar constructions