Appendix 3 Useful phrases for abstracts

The text (article, paper)	• is about… • deals with… • presents… • describes…
In the text	• the reader gets to know… • the reader is confronted with… • the reader is told about…
The author	• says, states, points out that… • claims, believes, thinks that… • describes, explains, makes clear that… • uses examples to confirm / prove that… • agrees /disagrees with the view … • contradicts the view • criticises / analyses / comments on… • tries to express… • argues that… • suggests that… • compares X to Y… • emphasizes his point by saying that… • doubts that… • tries to convince the readers that… • concludes that…

• The texts consists of …/ may be divided into…

• In the first paragraph / exposition the author introduces…

• In the second part of the text / paragraph the author describes…

• Another example can be found …

• As a result…

• To sum up / to conclude…

• In his last remark / with his last remark/statement the author concludes that…

Reporting Verbs

strong argument	neutral	counterargument	suggestion	criticism
argue	state	refute the claim	suggest	criticize
claim	report	argue against	recommend
contend	explain
maintain	discuss
insist	illustrate
posit	observe

List of References

Boyd T. J. M. The Physics of Plasmas / T. J. M. Boyd, J. J. Sanderson. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. – 532 p.

Fridman A. A. Plasma Physics and Engineering / A. A. Fridman, L. A. Kennedy. – New York, London: Taylor & Francis Routledge, 2006. – 852 p.

Heyde K. Basic Ideas and Concepts in Nuclear Physics. An Introductory Approach / K. Heyde. ‑ Bristol and Philadelphia: Institute of Physics Publishing, 1999. – 524 p.

Kane S. A. Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine / S. A. Kane. ‑ Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis Group, 2009. – 449 p.

Rotkin S. V. Applied Physics of Carbon Nanotubes: Fundamentals of Theory, Optics and Transport Devices / S. V. Rotkin, S. Subramoney. – New York: Springer, 2005. – 362 p.

Contents Передмова…………………………………………………………………………3

PART I. GENERAL COURSE 4

Unit 1 4

GRAMMAR: Passive Voice 4

TEXT 1. Particles and Fields 7

TEXT 2. Where Does the Thunder Come From? 10

Unit 2 12

GRAMMAR: Modal Verbs 12

GRAMMAR: Modal Verbs with Perfect Infinitive 15

TEXT 1. Physics Lab Safety Rules 16

TEXT 2. Our Place in the Universe 19

Unit 3 22

GRAMMAR: Conditionals 22

GRAMMAR: Subjunctive Mood 24

TEXT 1. Properties of Light 26

TEXT 2. The Atomic Structure of Matter 28

Unit 4 31

GRAMMAR: Participle 1 31

TEXT 1. Laser 35

TEXT 2. Cutting Through a Myth About Modern Lasers 38

Unit 5 40

GRAMMAR: Participle II. 40

GRAMMAR: Absolute Participial Construction 43

TEXT 1. Maser 45

TEXT 2. Fun Facts About Lasers 48

Unit 6 50

GRAMMAR: Gerund 50

TEXT 1. The World Is Made of Subatomic Particles 56

TEXT 2. The Big Bang Theory 59

Unit 7 62

GRAMMAR: Infinitive 62

GRAMMAR: Bare Infinitive 64

TEXT 1. Fiber-optic Technology 66

GRAMMAR: Infinitive vs. Gerund 69

TEXT 2. Copper and Technology 71

TEST YOURSELF 75

PART II. SPECIAL SKILLS 81

TOPIC: Resume 81

TEXT. Creating The Effective Resume 81

TOPIC: Business Letters 85

TEXT. Business Correspondence 89

TOPIC: Sammary and Abstract Writing 94

TEXT. Tips on Writing an Abstract 95

PART III. ADDITIONAL READING 98

Plasma 98

Plasmas in space 98

Mechanisms of Electron Losses: Electron-Ion Recombination 99

The MHD equations 100

Elements of Quantum Mechanics. History 101

Density dependence of the quark structure of light nuclei 102

An astrophysical application: alpha-capture reactions 103

Dating the Shroud of Turin 104

Double Beta-Decay 105

Advances in Carbon Nanotube Characterization 106

How lasers work 107

APPENDIX 1: List of irregular verbs 111

APPENDIX 2: Guidance on reading terminology 113

APPENDIX 3: Useful phrases for abstracts 116

List of references 117

Навчальне видання

Холмогорцева Ірина Сергіївна

Котова Анна Володимирівна