Appendix 2 Guidance on reading terminology

1. The plural of the nouns of Greek and Latin origin

phenomenon – phenomena (явище)

criterion – criteria (критерій)

analysis – analyses (аналіз)

diagnosis – diagnoses (діагноз)

crisis – crises (криза)

nucleus – nuclei (ядро)

radius – radii (радіус)

formula – formulae, formulas (формула)

nebula – nebulae (туманність)

datum – data (дані)

medium – media (середовище)

equilibrium – equlibria (рівновага)

curriculum – curricula (навчальна програма)

2. Numerals in English

28% – twenty-eight per cent

10.5 – ten point five

1/5 – one fifth

2/5 – two fifths

4/7 – four sevenths

1 2/3 – one and two third

9/13 – nine thirteenths / nine over thirteen

4² – four squared

8⁴ – eight to the forth power / to the power of four

7³ – seven cubed

√16 – the square root of sixteen

³√27 – the cubed root of twenty-seven

32° C or F – thirty-two degrees centigrade / Celcius or Fahrenheit

2,075,843 – two million, seventy-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-three

3. Signs and symbols

+ plus

– minus

= equals to / is equal to

≠ does not equal to /is not equal to

≈ approximately

< less/ smaller than

> greater/ bigger than

≤ less than or equal to

≥ greater than or equal to

≦ equal or less than

≧ equal or greater than

∑ the sum of

∞ infinity / infinite

∴ therefore

: is to (ratio sign)

a* a star [ei sta:]

a′ a prime [ei praim]

∠ angle

∟ right angle

⊥∘perpendicular

dx – differential of x

∫ – integral of

∫f(x)dx – integral of a function of x over dx

∫^m_n - integral between limits n and m

(x) absolute value of x

% per cent

dy/dx derivative of y with respect to x

d²y/dx² second derivetive of y with respect to x

Å – angstrom

4. Latin terms and abbriviations

IBIDEM (IB, IBID) – in the cited source – там само

In situ – at the site – на місці

Per se – by itself – само по собі

Conditio sine qua non – indispensable conditions – обов’язкова умова

Via – through – шляхом

Viz – namely – а саме

Status quo – initial conditions – початкове положення

Ergo – consequently ‑ отже

Proviso – on condition that – за умови

Sic! – important – важливо

Ad hoc – made, arranged for a particular purpose – спеціальний, зроблений з певною метою

5. Greek alphabet

Α α	[ˈælfə]	Ν ν	[ˈnjuː], [ˈnuː]
Β β	[ˈbiːtə], [ˈbeɪtə]	Ξ ξ	[ˈzaɪ], [ˈksaɪ]
Γ γ	[ˈɡæmə]	Ο ο	[ˈɒmɨkrɒn], [oʊˈmaɪkrɒn]
Δ δ	[ˈdɛltə]	Π π	[ˈpaɪ]
Ε ε	[ˈɛpsɨlɒn]	Ρ ρ	[ˈroʊ]
Ζ ζ	[ˈziːtə], [ˈzeɪt]	Σ σ	[ˈsɪɡmə]
Η η	[ˈiːtə], [ˈeɪtə]	Τ τ	[ˈtaʊ], [ˈtɔː]
Θ θ	[ˈθiːtə], [ˈθeɪtə]	Υ υ	[juːpˈsaɪlən], [ˈʊpsɨlɒn], [ʌpˈsaɪlən], [ˈʌpsɨlɒn]
Ι ι	[aɪˈoʊtə]	Φ φ	[ˈfaɪ]
Κ κ	[ˈkæpə]	Χ χ	[ˈkaɪ]
Λ λ	[ˈlæmdə]	Ψ ψ	[ˈsaɪ], [ˈpsaɪ]
Μ μ	[ˈmjuː], [ˈmuː]	Ω ω	[oʊˈmeɪɡə], [ˈoʊmɨɡə]