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Разговорные темы для 1-го курса.doc
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Text b Record Breaking Harvest

Addressing the food problem, Belarus places emphasis on the stable production of raw materials and sustainable development of the agricultural industry. Belarus’ strategy in agriculture aims to ensure food provision at the level sufficient for a well-balanced healthy diet, to make foodstuffs affordable to all social groups of the society, protect the interest of domestic commodity producers and to promote export of foodstuffs and agricultural raw materials.

Elements of Success

In terms of the per capita production of essential agricultural products, apart from grain, Belarus ranks the first among the CIS member states. In meat production the country has come up close to Germany, in milk production the country is ahead of the major agricultural economies.

The latest technologies and scientific developments are introduced effectively into production. Belarusian scientists have created new varieties of agricultural crops that do not yield to foreign analogues in the potential. The tests have proved that the genetic yield potential of grain crops exceeds 100 centners per hectare, that of potatoes of 500 centners per hectare. So far these indices remain a benchmark for the majority of agricultural producers. . But the industry will be approaching these standards as the plant cultivation sector will be optimised, the biological requirements of plants during the vegetation period will be fully met. This process will be gradually intensified as the technological, technical and organizational problems are settled.

Soil fertility has been improved as the agricultural industry has started applying integrated systems of plant protection and using scientifically substantiated standards of fertilizer and lime application.

Belarusian producers have started manufacturing new farm vehicles and equipment. The domestic hardware is inferior to similar foreign equipment in terms of reliability and operation performance, but is much cheaper, though the prices have been going up recently. For example, the most modest estimates show that the harvest campaign was one week longer and three centers of grain and oil seeds were lost per one hectare due to poor reliability of indigenous grain harvesters and untimely maintenance service.

The efforts are invested into specialization, adjustment of the structure of the cultivated areas with the preference given to intensive and cost-effective crops.

Tomorrow’s reference points

As cattle breeding is the main sector of the country’s agricultural industry, cost-effective feedstuff production is needed for manufacturing competitive products. More attention should be paid to the production of leguminous plants.

More proteins are needed for boosting the production of milk and meat. As soy and sunflower oil feeds are extremely pricy, the manufacture of proteins will be enhanced by means of increasing the production of leguminous plants and rapeseeds.

Corn production will be in focus too. However, Belarus needs to improve the corn cultivation methods.

Summer pasture forage is crucial for making cheap meat and diary products. Unfortunately, the demand for highly productive pastures is met only at 25-30 %. In order to increase their areas the system of cultivation of perennial grass seeds should be restored. The natural pastures especially in flood plains are used ineffectively in meat cattle breeding.

In order to achieve these goals it is imperative to continue supplying the agricultural industry with power intensive tractors and wide-cut soil-tillage equipment, including highly-effective integrated soil tillage and seeding equipment. There is a lack of self-propelled spraying machines, which are needed to make preharvest and especially plant protection works more efficient.

The solution to these problems will allow speeding up field works, making them more efficient, gathering the harvest without losses which will undoubtedly, bear well on the yield of agricultural crops.

Ex. 9. Translate into Russian the following word chains.

Food problem, food provision, healthy diet, commodity producers, meat production, grain crops, plants cultivation sector, vegetation period, soil fertility, plant protection, fertilizer and lime application, farm vehicles, harvest campaign, oil seeds, grain harvester, maintenance service, cattle breeding., feedstuffs production, sunflower oil feeds, corn production, corn cultivation methods, summer pasture forage, meat and diary products, perennial grass seeds, food plains, meat cattle breeding, soil tillage equipment, plant protection works, field works.

Ex. 10. Answer the questions.

1. What is the title of the article? 2. What are the sub-headlines? 3. Into whch parts can the article be divided? What are they? 4. What is the position of Belarus among the CIS countries in meat and milk production? 5. What are the latest achievements of our agricultural industry? In your answer use the Present Perfect Tense (have, has + V3). Use the following prompts.

Meat production (to come up) close to Germany.

Belarusian scientists (to create) new varieties of agricultural crops.

Soil fertility (to be improved).

Agricultural industry (to start) applying integrated system of plant protection.

Belarusian producers (to start) manufacturing new farm vehicles and equipment.

6. What are tomorrow’s reference points of agriculture? In your answer use the structure: modal verb +Passive Infinitive (must, should, ought to be +V3).

More attention … (to pay) to the production of leguminous plants.

The corn cultivation methods … (to improve).

The system of cultivation of perennial grass seeds … (to restore).

The natural pastures … (to use) effectively.

Power intensive tractors and soil tillage equipment … (to supply).

Field works … (to speed up).

Harvest … (to gather) without losses.

Ex. 11. Try to retell the article using the following word combinations.

To rank first among…;

to be introduced effectively into production (the latest technologies and developments);

to create new varieties of agricultural crops (Belarusian scientists);

to improve soil fertility using fertilizer and lime application;

to start manufacturing farm vehicles and equipment (Belarusian producers);

to invest the efforts into specialization and adjustment of the structure of cultivated areas;

to be the main sector of agricultural industry (cattle breeding);

to enhance the production of leguminous plants;

to improve the corn cultivation methods;

to restore the system of cultivation of perennial grass seeds;

to allow speeding up field works;

to gather the harvest without losses;

to bear well on the yield of agricultural crops.

Ex. 12. You are going to read the article about the extraction of potash salt in Belarus. Before reading the article answer the following questions:

1) Have a look at the title of the article. Why do you think the article is entitled so? 2) Are there any potash deposits in Belarus? Where are they? 3) Do you know which enterprises extract and process potash? 4) Do you know anything about the activity of Belaruskali?

Read the article and find the answers to these questions.