- •Навчальний посібник
- •The subjunctive
- •The formulaic subjunctive.
- •God be praised!
- •God bless you!
- •Nursery Rhyme
- •1. Translate the word combinations in brackets into English.
- •2. Translate into English using set-phrases (The formulaic subjunctive).
- •3. Translate into English using set-phrases (The formulaic subjunctive).
- •Exclamatory sentences.
- •4. Finish each of these sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •6. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •7. Complete the following sentences using the perfect form.
- •8. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Replace the infinitive by the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •11. Translate into English.
- •12. Translate into English.
- •Had better
- •13. Translate into English.
- •I’d rather / sooner
- •14. Translate into English.
- •Independent clauses and simple sentences.
- •Sentences without implied condition
- •15. Use the verb in brackets in the appropriate form.
- •16. Translate into English.
- •17. Translate into English.
- •The conditional
- •The conditional tenses. The present conditional tense.
- •The perfect conditional tense.
- •Conditional sentences.
- •Suppose he himself gave her the injections …
- •Three kinds of conditional sentences
- •If I may be frank if you’ll allow me to say so
- •21. Translate into English.
- •Should in conditional 1
- •22. Make the condition less probable by using should.
- •Suppose and imagine.
- •23. Translate into English.
- •24. Translate into English.
- •25. Translate into English.
- •Conditional sentences type 2.
- •Conditional sentences type 3.
- •26. Choose which ending is possible for each sentence.
- •27. Fill the gaps in the sentences and complete the questions in the conversations using the words given or your own ideas.
- •28. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form. (Use forms of can, might, etc. Where suitable.)
- •29. Translate into English.
- •30. Translate into English.
- •31. Translate into English.
- •32. Complete the sentences in the conversation using the ideas given.
- •33. Make a ‘chain story’.
- •34. Fill in each blank to complete the unreal condition.
- •35. Translate into English.
- •36. Translate into English.
- •37. Fill the gaps in the sentences and complete them using the words given or your own ideas.
- •38. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model:
- •39. Translate into English.
- •40. Translate into English.
- •Mixed conditionals.
- •41. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model:
- •42. Fill in each blank with the correct form of a verb. These sentenceshave mixed tenses.
- •43. Translate into English.
- •44. Translate into English.
- •45. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •46. Look at the pairs of pictures below and imagine yourself in each situation. Write what you would say usingif. There may be several possibilities for each pair.
- •47. Fill in each blank with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Both real conditions and unreal conditions are used.
- •48. Translate into English.
- •49. Translate into English.
- •Wishing
- •50. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •51. Fill in each blank to make a wish about the present.
- •52. Translate into English.
- •53. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •54. Fill in each blank to make a wish about the past.
- •55. Translate into English.
- •56. Paraphrase the following according to the model.
- •58. Look at the pictures and say what each person wishes, using the words given.
- •59. Fill in each blank to show a desire that someone does something differently.
- •60. Translate into English.
- •61. Complete the conversations with a sentence using wish.
- •62. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form. (Use could where suitable.)
- •64. Answer the following questions according to the model, mind the form of the auxiliary verb.
- •65. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •66. Paraphrase the following sentences using object clause after the verb "wish".
- •67. Translate into English.
- •68. Translate into English.
- •69. Open the brackets.
- •70. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •71. Translate into English.
- •72. Translate into English.
- •73. Open the brackets.
- •74. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •75. Translate into English.
- •76. Translate into English.
- •77. Paraphrase the sentences, using that-clauses.
- •78. Translate into English.
- •79. Complete each of these sentences twice, once using should and once using another structure.
- •80. Fill in the gaps using the words given. There is usually more than one possible answer.
- •81. Open the brackets using the Subjunctive Mood.
- •82. Translate into English.
- •83. Translate into English.
- •As if / as though There is no difference between as if and as though.
- •The difference is clearer with obviously unreal comparisons:
- •84. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form.
- •85. Paraphrase the parts in bold type.
- •86. Answer the following questions according to the model.
- •87. Translate into English.
- •88. Translate into English.
- •It is time…
- •89. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb.
- •90. Paraphrase the sentences using the expression It is (about, high) time.
- •91. Translate into English.
- •92. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •Even if / even though.
- •93. Put the verbs in brackets in the most suitable form.
- •94. Translate into English.
- •95. Translate into English.
- •96. Translate into English.
- •97. Translate into English.
- •98. Translate into English.
- •99. Translate into English.
- •100. Translate into English.
- •101. Translate into English.
- •Indirect speech and reporting
- •Conditional sentences in indirect speech.
- •Revision task 1.
- •Task 2.
Should in conditional 1
Notice how we can use the imperative in the main clause of an open condition and also to replace the if-clause. When the main clause refers to the future, the if-clause may be in any present tense. Occasionally we can use inversion of subject and operator without if to form open conditions, mostly with tentative should (should can be placed first and the if omitted). This makes the possibility of an event seem unlikely:
If you should see Ann, could you ask her to call me? (This implies that I do not expect you to see Ann.)
If you should have any difficulty in getting spare parts ring this number.
Should you have any difficulty…
§ 27.
This type of sentence is used to talk about habits and general truths, facts that do not change or things that always happen, for example, the rules of a game. We use if + present + another present tense to express automatic or habitual results:
If you heat ice it turns to water. (will turn is also possible)
If you choose the best solution, you get the most points.
22. Make the condition less probable by using should.
1. If I see him, I shall warn him of the postponement. 2. If you come back soon, ring me up. 3. If you happen to be present at the ceremonial meeting, congratulate them on our behalf. 4. If he insists on it, they are likely to withdraw the motion. 5. If she asks you for an immediate answer, try to delay as long as you can under any pretext. 6. The party can leave earlier, if a spell of good weather sets in. 7. If you meet with any difficulty, you may come to thrash the matter out any time you find it fit. 8. If there are any changes, the committee will know. 9. I can give you a lift if your driver doesn’t come in good time. 10. The snow shields are meant to protect the track against snowdrifts in case of a strong wind. 11. If you are lucky enough to get tickets for the show, will you spare me one? 12. If you chance to hear anything from or of him, they would be most grateful if you let them know. 13. They will try their best to render you every support if there is the slightest possibility. 14. If you happen to come across this book, secure a copy for me. 15. Come and see us here any time next year. If you chance to come in autumn, you’ll enjoy a lot of fruit.
§ 28.
Suppose and imagine.
1. Understood conditions. The conditional part of these sentences is often understood but not stated:
Imagine we won the pools! (Imagine what we would do if …)
Suppose someone told you that I was a spy! (What would you say?)
As with conditional sentences, if the event referred to is a real possibility, rather than imaginary, a present tense is possible:
Suppose it starts raining, what’ll we do?
2. Present or past. Present and past reference are both possible:
Imagine we’d never met!
Suppose we went to Wales for a change.
23. Translate into English.
1. Якщо ви випадково будете в цьому місті, обов'язково відвідаєте нашу картинну галерею. 2. Якщо мені трапиться побачити цей словник, я його обов'язково куплю. 3. Якщо трапиться, що поїзд буде спізнюватися, я дам вам телеграму. 4. Якщо він все-таки забуде свою обіцянку, я йому нагадаю. 5. Скажіть, що це я направив вас, якщо він вас раптом не впізнає. 6. Навіть якщо трапиться так, що він вам нічого не скаже, не думайте, що він нічого не помітив. 7. Якщо ви випадково будете проходити повз, неодмінно загляньте до нас. 8. Якщо я знову буду в цих місцях, обов'язково сходжу на полювання. 9. Вам доведеться докладно обґрунтувати свої висновки, навіть якщо деякі з них здадуться досить зрозумілими. 10. Подзвоніть мені, будь ласка, якщо ви раптом зненацька затримаєтесь. 11. Якщо вам випадково доведется побувати в нашому місті ще раз, я сподіваюся, ви не забудете дати нам знати про це. 12. Якщо ти випадково повернешся рано, подзвони мені. 13. Доведись нам знову зустрітися, ми вже будемо старими знайомими. 14. Навіть якщо трапиться, що за цей час відбудуться якісь зміни, вони однаково не вплинуть на принципове рішення питання. 15. Якщо ви все-таки зможете приїхати, ми будемо ради. 16. Якщо трапиться, що він запитає вас про це, не говоріть йому нічого. 17. Якщо трапиться, що ви впізнаєте його, не показуйте цього. 18. Якщо хто-небудь торкнеться цієї екзотичної квітки, аромат зникне. 19. Якщо вам доведеться зустрітися з ним, передайте йому від мене гарячий привіт. 20. Якщо хто-небудь заговорить із вами на цю тему, не думайте підтримувати цю розмову. 21. Якщо вам трапиться зробити необережний крок, визнайте свою помилку. 22. Доведись вам почути про це, негайно повідомите мене. 23. Якщо він почує про цьому, звичайно, обуриться. 24. Якщо це трапиться знову, я буду знати, як діяти. 25. Якщо ви все-таки спізнитеся на поїзд, ви зможете доїхати туди на автобусі.