Avenues_first certificate_WB
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He phoned us |
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he got the |
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The head teacher will be here |
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period this statue was carved. |
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dThe association of psychologists is holding its annual meeting in Berlin.
compare consider contrast doubt grasp
realise reason wonder
Which verb could you use for the process of
100
Fill each gap in the story with a suitable word from the box.
arranged |
associated classified collected |
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gathered |
organised |
sorted |
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First the entomologist went to the jungle and |
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a large range of insects. Then |
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she returned to the museum where she |
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them into different groups. |
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Then she (3) |
them carefully, by |
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species and sub-species. Finally she (4) them beautifully in a display case.
U N I T 1 2 I m p r o v i n g y o u r m i n d
Science and technology
Computers
Microscopic machines
Which scientific developments taking place today do you find it difficult to believe in?
Read this newspaper article about an extraordinary scientific development and
choose the most suitable heading from the list A-] for each part (1-9) of the article. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.
A Arranging the atoms
B Making diamonds
C Dream of building anything we like
D Dreams of a perfect future
E Is it a good idea?
F Process like that in nature
G Drexler's process
H How small is 'small'?
I Tiny builders
J Incredible idea on the way to reality?
L E S S O N 1 |
C o m p u t e r s |
101 |
Find the word or phrase in the article which means:
The infinitive
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1The boss wants the latest software for this computer.
intends
The boss .. intends to, get the latest software for this computer.
2In spite of the heat, the air-conditioner kept us cool.
managed
We |
cool thanks to |
the |
air-conditioner. |
3There's not much chance the technician will mend the fault today.
unlikely |
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The technician |
the |
fault today. |
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4Pilar has phoned the electrician because her washing machine is broken.
ask
Pilar has phoned the electrician
repair her washing machine.
5The children are allowed to play with my computer at weekends.
let
I |
with my |
computer at weekends. |
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6I learnt about fixing electrical gadgets from my mother.
how
My mother electrical gadgets.
7I think you ought to take that faulty hair drier back to the shop.
better
You |
that faulty |
hair drier back to the shop. |
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8I can't possibly follow the instructions for this video recorder without help.
impossible
The instructions for this video recorder
without help.
9It looked as if Jordi had reached the end of the computer game.
have |
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Jordi seemed |
the |
end of the computer game. |
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10I think Giulia is waiting for someone, appears
Giulia |
for |
someone.
Phrasal verbs
Write an appropriate phrasal verb from |
the |
box, |
in |
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the correct form, in each |
gap. Use each |
verb only |
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once. |
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break down |
bring off |
check up on |
cool down |
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plug in run down set back switch off |
take in |
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take over |
write up |
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1 The photocopier has |
.broken.down |
but |
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I don't know what's wrong with it.
2 I can hardly hear this radio - the batteries must be
3My father was promoted when the computer company he works for was
by an American organisation.
4 |
the machine and let it |
before you try to repair it.
5The laboratory supervisor asked me questions about your scientific experiments - I think she
wants to |
you. |
102 |
U N I T |
1 3 S c i e n c e a n d |
t e c h n o l o g y |
6 |
Ms Jarvis does good research work, but she's slow |
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at |
her reports |
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afterwards. |
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7 |
Could you fill the electric kettle and then |
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it |
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over there? |
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The technician pretended he knew all about central |
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heating systems, but he didn't |
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me |
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Gail was very proud of the deal she |
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with the computer |
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software company. |
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10 |
The financial cuts have temporarily |
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research at this |
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laboratory. |
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Revision |
exercise |
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The word in capitals at the end of each of the |
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following sentences can be used to form a |
word |
that |
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fits suitably in the blank space. |
Fill each |
blank |
in |
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this |
way. |
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The files were lost because of the secretary's |
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laziness |
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LAZY |
2 |
Some people are |
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by any |
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form of technology. |
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TERROR |
3 |
My mother wants me to have this photograph |
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LARGE |
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After a |
night on |
the |
train |
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he didn't feel like sightseeing. |
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SLEEP |
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Answer the detective's questions |
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and no one will harm you. |
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TRUTH |
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Who is the |
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of this |
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wonderful work of art? |
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CREATE |
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The policy is |
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and so |
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will cost the government a lot of money. |
ECONOMY |
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My cat has green eyes and a long |
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tail. |
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FUR |
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Slavery is the opposite of |
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FREE |
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The athlete |
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decided to |
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aim for three gold medals. |
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AMBITION |
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In space
The future
Look carefully at the way future ideas are expressed in these sentences. Make any necessary corrections to the verb forms.
will
1 By the year 2 0 5 0 , space trave^have become commonplace.
2 Who knows where we will taking our holidays in a few years' time?
3 Will passengers in a rocket suffer from travel sickness?
4 You can't become an astronaut until you will have got a space school diploma.
5 Many countries are unlikely have enough money to compete in the space race.
6I'll have finished this book about the first moon landing by tomorrow, and then you can borrow it.
L E S S O N 1 |
C o m p u t e r s |
7When Roy and Jenny will graduate they are hoping to get jobs with NASA.
8Olga hopes she will be lead a space mission in the next few years.
9The Americans are going to send a camera deeper into space than ever before to see what pictures it will have send back.
10Many science fiction ideas bound to become fact before the decade is over.
103
Reported speech (revision)
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1 'I may study aeronautics next year, Peter,' said Carmen.
told
Carmen .told...Peter she might study aeronautics the following year.
2'Have you ever seen a comet. Marie?' asked Sam. she
Sam asked Marie |
a |
comet. |
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3 'Which planets are you going to explore next?' |
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asked the reporter. |
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they
The reporter asked to explore next.
4'Before joining the space programme, I was in the airforce,' said the astronaut.
said |
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The astronaut |
in |
the airforce before joining the space programme.
5'Do you think I should tell anybody about seeing a UFO. Will?' asked Anna.
he
Anna asked Will
tell anybody about seeing a UFO.
6'Next July I will be looking down on Earth from a space station,' said the trainee astronaut.
he
The trainee astronaut said that the following July
down on Earth
from a space station.
7'Fasten your safety belts, everyone, because we are about to take off,' announced the pilot.
told |
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The pilot |
their |
safety belts because they were about to take off.
8'Why don't you read my book about the Hubble telescope?" said Marieke to Frank.
9 'Would you mind recording the programme about life on other planets?' Nigel asked Gail,
to |
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Nigel |
the |
programme |
about life on other planets. |
10'Whatever you do. don't have a heavy meal before take-off,' Chris said to Phil,
warned
Chris |
a heavy meal |
before take-off. |
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Prepositional |
phrases |
at hand by hand on the one hand on the other hand
Which phrase can you use to
1contrast with 'by machine'?
2introduce a first point in a discussion? 3 introduce a second contrasting point?
4 refer to something nearby?
in advance in future in the future by far
Which phrase can you use
1to refer to a time (near or distant) after now?
2when you are criticising someone and want things to be different from now on?
3to emphasise a comparison?
4 to mean 'before an event in the future'?
1 |
the most exciting |
development in space research, for me, is the
possibility of being able to holiday in space.
2We can have no real idea of what scientists exploring space will find
3But we can confidently predict that a whole new way of life is
4 |
I approve of space |
research; |
I worry about |
the amount of money it costs.
5Although machines can perform many tasks in space, some jobs still need to be done
suggested |
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Marieke |
her book |
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about the Hubble telescope. |
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U N I T 1 3 |
S c i e n c e a n d |
t e c h n o l o g y |
6 ' ,' said the chemistry
teacher, 'no one may leave the laboratory until every piece of equipment has been tidied away.'
7 The special exhibition at the Science Museum is so popular that it's best to book your tickets
Talk about some of your plans, ambitions and dreams, using your ideas in the chart. First
listen to an example on the recording.
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Looking |
to |
the |
future |
What are your |
plans, ambitions |
and |
dreams |
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for the future? |
Make quick |
notes |
of what you |
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plan, hope and dream will be happening in some of the following areas in the future.
Next year |
In ... years' time |
Personal:
work
pleasure
family
friends
romance
Public:
my country
world
Now record your own ideas on a blank cassette. Listen to them, think how you could improve what you say and record everything again.
Look at the following list of common ambitions. Which for you is the most important? Which is the least important? Why?
I'd like to be
•famous
•happy
•healthy
•loved
•rich
•successful
Record your ideas on a blank cassette. Then listen, think and rerecord.
If possible, find a classmate to tell your plans, ambitions and dreams to. Try to use the
conversation skills you practised in the Coursebook on page 151.
Do you have the same ideas about the future? Who do you think is more likely to see their dreams come true?
L E S S O N 2 |
I n s p a c e |
105 |
Mind over matter
Watch out!
In which of the following activities do you think an understanding of science and
technology could be useful? Tick the box(es) and list your ideas.
Listen to five women being interviewed about aspects of science and technology in their lives.
For each speaker (1-5), choose from the list A-F the main point she is making. Use each letter only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.
This speaker is talking about the need to
Ahave a love and knowledge of science.
Btake great care in what she does.
Cbe more aware of what she is doing.
Dhave lots of practice in this kind of work.
Ehave a positive attitude in her work.
Ftake decisive action to improve a situation.
6All the chemists studied the contents of each test tube carefully when the result of every experiment was different.
7In the next decade, there are likely to be several important discoveries in most of the scientific fields.
8A lots of time is spent checking every component before all rockets are launched.
9No technician looked at either the two faulty computers.
10None students did well in both mathematics papers, though some did excellently in one.
Quantity
Check that these sentences are grammatically correct. Make any necessary corrections.
many
1There are much unknown creatures in the depths of the ocean.
2Some people believe there is a monster in Loch Ness, while other disagree.
3Like most people, I have experienced few strange coincidences, but not many.
4European scientists have few knowledge of nanotechnology.
5Both Evans and Parker wanted to go on the space walk, but the commander didn't want neither of them to do it.
The right word
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using each word in the |
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once only. |
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At the end of the party the children |
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all the balloons they could |
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reach with pins. |
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The elastic on these pants has been so |
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that I can't wear them any |
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more. |
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c |
There's very little water left: the bottle has |
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all over the car floor. |
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The glass |
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when she poured |
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the boiling water into it. |
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106 |
U N I T |
1 3 |
S c i e n c e |
a n d |
t e c h n o l o g y |
2 |
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calculated |
estimated |
measured |
numbered |
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The car mechanic |
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the cost of |
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the repairs and wrote out a bill. |
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the pages of her essay |
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before handing it in. |
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c |
The teacher watched while the pupils |
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their rulers. |
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d |
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$25 million a year on military research. |
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combined |
connected |
consisted |
contained |
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a The atmosphere in America's Skylab Spacecraft 75% oxygen and 2 5 %
nitrogen.
bThe first space food for astronauts of baby food.
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rocket, which later falls away, |
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various |
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chemicals to produce a small explosion in the |
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chemistry lab. |
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dissolved |
divided |
included |
involved |
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The young pupils watched as the salt |
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in water and the sand |
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remained. |
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The teacher |
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groups and gave each something to do. |
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In her essay, she |
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a section on |
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the theory of evolution. |
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manufacture of satellites. |
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accurate |
correct |
exact sharp |
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aIn the test, most students gave the answer.
bThe first witness gave the most account of what had happened.
cThe street-vendors sell watches which are
copies of famous makes. d Come to my office at ten o'clock
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operate perform proceed |
run |
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Computers can |
a large |
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I don't know how to |
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photocopier - can you show me? |
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cMy laptop computer can
either on batteries or from the mains.
dThat signal means the computer is ready to
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printing. |
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established installed purchased |
traded |
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Computers have been |
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classroom in the school. |
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b |
The company has recently |
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skyscraper in Dallas and various other properties. |
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The most outgoing student quickly |
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his position as team-leader. |
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Before going bankrupt, the company |
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in many countries in Asia. |
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Some of the equipment you |
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us with was faulty: I trust you'll replace it. |
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Engine parts are |
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The shop which has just closed was the only one |
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typewriter |
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ribbons. |
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After leaving school he |
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appealed begged |
prayed requested |
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Visitors to the Control Room are |
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not to take photographs. |
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The children |
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look inside the spaceship. |
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The university science department |
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to the Government to give it |
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more money for research. |
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When her husband was seriously injured in the |
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L E S S O N |
3 M i n d |
o v e r |
m a t t e r |
107 |
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Match each of these pairs of verbs to the |
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correct |
alternative. |
1 |
discover |
a new product |
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invent |
the cause of cancer |
2 |
experiment |
with genetic codes |
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research |
into the history of science |
3 |
examine |
a particular area to study |
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select |
a blood sample under a microscope |
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analyse |
a letter for mistakes |
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check |
the results of research |
A letter to a friend
Read |
the following, which is |
part of |
a letter |
you |
have received from an |
English |
friend. |
Write a letter in reply to your friend (120-180 words). Tell your friend your opinion of
fortune-telling and what you think he or she should do.
Remember to
• start and end your letter in an appropriate way.
•organise your ideas in paragraphs (make a paragraph plan).
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write in an appropriate, informal way. |
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check what you have written. |
108 |
U N I T 1 3 |
S c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y |
The world around us
The environment
Passive (revision)
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.
1 Some people think our environment is in danger,
thought
Our environment is thought to be
in danger.
2 They believe chemicals have poisoned our rivers,
believed Our rivers
poisoned by chemicals.
3 They hope that governments will take action before
it is too late. hoped
It that
governments will take action before it is too late.
4 Logging companies are cutting down the rainforest
in South East Asia. cut
The rainforest in South East Asia
down by logging companies.
5 Gold prospectors have destroyed large areas of
South American rainforest. by
Large areas of South American rainforest
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gold |
prospectors. |
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6 Can ordinary people save the planet? |
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planet |
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Can |
by |
ordinary |
people? |
"Oh well, life goes on. . . "
7When you go on a picnic, take your litter home with you.
should
Picnic litter home with you.
8Many people still don't regularly recycle paper,
bottles and tins.
by
Paper, bottles and tins still
many people.
9Thoughtless rubbish dumping will eventually ruin the landscape.
by
The landscape
thoughtless rubbish dumping.
10When early humans were cooking and eating their meals, they just left the rubbish on one side. being
When meals
by early humans, the rubbish was just left on one side.
L E S S O N 1 |
T h e |
e n v i r o n m e n t |
109 |