Группа совершенно-продолженных времен t h e p e r f e c t c o n t I n u o u s t e n s e s

Совершенно-продолженные времена выражают действие, начавшееся раньше определенного момента в прошлом, настоящем или будущем, и длившегося до этого момента, иногда и включая этот момент.

Группа Perfect Continuous имеет три времени: настоящее (Present Perfect Continuous), прошедшее (Past Perfect Continuous) и будущее (Future Perfect Continuous).

Все времена группы Perfect Continuous образуются при помощи перфектного вспомогательного глагола to have в соответствующем времени, 3-й формы вспомогательного глагола продолженного времени to be и смыслового глагола в 4-й форме (основа с окончанием -ing).

Например:

I have been studying English for five years.

Я изучаю английский язык 5 лет. (Я начал изучать английский язык 5 лет назад, изучал его все это время и в момент разговора все еще изучаю.)

He left for the station after he had been waitingfor you for 20 minutes.

Он ушел на вокзал после того, как прождал тебя 20 минут.

I shall have been studyingat the Institute for 2 years by the end of the school year.

Я буду учиться в институте на протяжении двух лет к концу этого года.

НАСТОЯЩЕЕ СОВЕРШЕННО-ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

У п о т р е б л е н и е.

Present Perfect Continuous обозначает:

1) Действие, которое началось и протекало до момента речи, то есть до настоящего момента, и продолжается в момент речи, то есть в настоящее время.

Предложение в этом случае содержит указание на момент, когда началось данное действие (с помощью предлога since) или в предложении указано, как долго длилось это действие (с помощью предлога for).

В этом случае Present Perfect Continuous переводится на русский язык глаголом в настоящем времени.

Eg.:

He has been sleeping since 10 p.m. Он спит с 10 часов вечера.

I have been cooking dinner since I Я готовлю обед с тех пор,

returned home. как пришла домой.

They have been playing tennis for Они играют в теннис два

two hours. часа.

Вопрос о продолжительности действия обычно начинается со слов How long…? (сколько времени? как долго?) или Since when…? (с какого времени? с какого момента?)

Eg.:

How long have you been studying Сколько времени ты уже

at the Institute? учишься в институте?

Since when have you been С какого времени ты

working? работаешь?

2) Действие, которое длилось вплоть до настоящего момента, но в настоящий момент, то есть в момент речи, уже не происходит. В этом случае указание на время just (только что) либо выражено, либо подразумевается.

Eg.:

Show me the book you have (just) Покажи мне книгу, которую

been reading. ты (только что) читал.

Your eyes are red. You have been У тебя красные глаза. Ты

crying? плакал?

В этом случае Present Perfect Continuous переводится на русский язык глаголом прошедшего времени несовершенного вида.

Глаголы, не имеющие форму Continuous, вместо Present Perfect Continuous стоят в форме Present Perfect.

Eg.:

I have heard nothing from you Я ничего не слышал от тебя

since Sunday. с воскресенья.

О б р а з о в а н и е.

Утвердительная форма.

Present Perfect Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в форме Present Perfect (have been, has been) и смыслового глагола в 4-й форме (основа +-ing).

have + been V ing has

I (we, you, they) have been working.

He (she, it) has been working.

Отрицательная форма.

В отрицательном предложении отрицательная частица not ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола have\has.

Eg.: I have not been working.

He has not been working.

Вопросительная форма.

Она образуется при помощи перестановки первого вспомогательного глагола have\has и подлежащего - вспомогательный глагол ставится на первое место перед подлежащим.

Eg.: Have you been working?

Has he been working?

У П Р А Ж Н Е Н И Я

Упр.122. Поставьте следующие глаголы в форме Present Perfect Continuous.

to speak, to carry, to write, to prepare, to build, to sleep, to play, to study, to discuss

Упр.123. Объедините два предложения в одно, используя Present Perfect Continuous.

Model: It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago.

It has been raining for two hours.

1. Boris is studying History. He began studying it three hours ago.

2. I'm learning Spanish. I started learning Spanish in December.

3. Ann is looking for a job. She began it six months ago.

4. Nick is working in London. He started working there in 1998.

5. George smokes. He started smoking five years ago.

Упр.124. Задайте вопросы по ситуациям, начинающиеся с "How long…?"Ответьте на них.

1. My foot is hurting.

2. Mike plays chess.

3. Jim sells washing machines.

4. Tom lives in High Street.

5. My sister studies German.

6. I study at the Institute.

7. I am having dinner.

8. They are talking.

9. Bob is watching TV.

10. The children are playing in the yard.

Упр. 125. Завершите ситуацию, используя Present Perfect Continuous и слова в скобках.

Model: Tom is out of breath. (to run)

He has been running.

1. Ann is very tired. (to work hard)

2. Bob has a black eye and Bill has a cut lip. (to fight)

3. Bob has just come back from the beach. His skin is very red. (to lie in the sun)

4. His hands are covered with oil. (to work on the car)

5. Her eyes are red. (to cry)

6. The child's lips are dirty. (to eat ice-cream)

7. He looks sleepy. (to sleep)

Упр.126. Задайте вопросы по ситуации, используя Present Perfect Continuous.

Model: John's hands are dirty. (to work in the garden?)

Has he been working in the garden?

1. You have just arrived to meet your friend who is waiting for you. (to wait long?)

2. You see a little boy. His eyes are red and watery. (to cry?)

3. Your friend comes in. He looks tired. (to work ?)

4. Your friend has shown good results in the sport competition. (to train much?)

5. She lives in Moscow (how long \ to live?)

6. Marry has made a wonderful report. (to work at the report for a long time?)

Упр. 127. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Have you finished writing your report? (Yes, …) How long have you been working at it? How much time did it take you to write the introductory part?

2. When did you come to Kirov? What city have you come from? How long have you been living in Kirov?

3. Have you lost your pen? (Yes, …) When did you lose it? Have you looked for it everywhere? How long have you been looking for it?

4. What are they doing in the hall? (to prepare for the New Year Party) Have they already completed all the preparations for the New Year Party? (No,…) When did they start the preparations? Since when have they been decorating the hall?

5. What have you done to improve your health? (Do morning exercises) How long have you been doing your morning exercises?

6. What are you doing? (to ring up to my friend) Has the number answered you yet? (No,…) How long have you been trying to get in touch with your friend?

7. Have you found the article or are you still looking for it through the magazines? How long have you been looking through them?

Упр. 128*. Поставьте все возможные вопросы к предложениям. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную форму.

1. We have been waiting for you at the station for 2 hours.

2. I have been trying to unlock the door with a wrong key.

3. He has been working at this problem all his life.

Упр.129*. Раскройте скобки, употребляя Present Continuous или Present Perfect Continuous.

A.

1. Why are you red? You (to run)? 2. Hey, what you (to do) here? 3. He (to do) his lessons since after lunch. 4. Come in, but look where you (to go). We (to paint) the living-room. 5. The bathroom is in a mess. The children (to wash) their dog. 6. I (to try) to find him the whole day. 7. Why you (not to talk) to each other? You (to quarrel) again? 8. I can see her face in the mirror. She (to smile). 9. She (to type) without any intervals ever since she came home from the office. 10. I (to cook) dinner since the children left for school. In fact, I (to cook) it right now.

B.

1. There is a man sitting at the first table near the door. He (to look) at us. - Yes, but what of it? - I (to meet) him everywhere for the last two days. 2. Ever since my schooldays I (to study) the History of Russia. Now I (to read) books on the Civil War. 3. I know you (to look) for somebody with experience on your stuff. There is a person in our laboratory who might interest you. He (to work) here for ten years. 4. I have just returned from my aunt's. - How long you (to stay) with her? 5. Where is my daughter? - She (to talk) to a policeman. - What's happened? - She (to drive) without a license. 6. I hope you (to do) well? - Splendid! I was very sorry that you left us. We (to do) better ever since. 7. A girl (to wait) to see you, doctor. - How long she (to wait)?

Упр. 130*. Переведите на русский язык, используя Present Continuous или Present Perfect Continuous.

1. Вы делаете это не так. Вы уже пять минут пытаетесь открыть дверь не этим ключом. 2. Куда ты так торопишься? - Приятель ждет меня у метро уже полчаса. 3. Вы читаете эту газету? 4. Я ношу это пальто уже два года. 5. Кого вы ждете? - Майкла. - Вы давно его ждете? 6. Почему вы здесь стоите? 7. Он учится в институте в прошлого года. 8. Я пытаюсь найти эту книгу уже год. 9. Что ты здесь делаешь? - Я пытаюсь найти одну книгу. 10. Почему ты улыбаешься?

Упр. 131*. Раскройте скобки, употребляя Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous.

A.

1. I (to do) my work for two hours and (not to finish) it yet. 2. Helen (to read) this book since Monday and she (not to read) it yet. 3. My brother (to collect) stamps ever since he left school. Now he (to collect) so many that he does not know where to put them. 4. That boy already (to stand) at the bus stop for half an hour and his bus (not to come) yet. 5. Something (to happen) to Jack. I (to wait) for him long and he (not to come) yet. 6. There are a lot of things I (to do) for a long time, and I (not to do) them all yet. 7. Arnold (to come) back. I must go and wash my eyes. I don't want him to see that I (to cry). 8. Father already (to arrive). We just (to speak) to him. 9. You are old enough to begin to learn. - I (to learn) all my life. 10. Where you (to put) my book? I (to look) for it for an hour.

B.

1. I never (to see) this face. 2. I often (to see) this name in the papers this year. 3. I (to try) to get her on the phone for about 20 minutes. 4. She (to study) English for a year and (to learn) many words and expressions. 5. I (to know) it since yesterday. 6. I (to look) for him since I left the hotel but I (not to find) him. I (to be) to the other three hotels but there is no visitor of that name anywhere. 7. I'm sorry, I'm late. You (to wait) long? - No, I just (to come). 8. I (to be) up here in the park since about six. I (to walk) for two hours. 9. I (to come) to you to ask for some information. 10. I expect these young men (to tell) you who I am. 11. I really don't know what you (to do) there all this time. 12. Ever since it happened I (to pretend) to myself it was an accident.

C.

1. I (to translate) this article for about an hour and (to translate) the first page. 2. I know what you (to work) on the last days. You (to discover) any facts? 3. They (to discuss) the case for hours but (to be) unable to come to any decision. 4. You (to read) too many mystery stories of late. They (to give) you ideas? 5. She (to try) all kinds of medicines for years but nothing (to be) of any use. 6. Again she (to tell) you the gossips. The things you (to hear) are quite impossible. 7. I (to tell) you so for years but you never (to pay) attention. 8. They (to take) her from one specialist to another since she was a baby but it (not to help). 9. They (to advertise) their machines since May but they (not to get) any orders yet.

Упр.132*. Переведите на английский язык, используя Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous.

1. Я сижу здесь с 10 часов. Никто сюда не заходил. 2. Мы читаем эту книгу с сентября и прочли уже больше половины. 3. Она себя неважно чувствует в последнее время и пропустила несколько занятий. 4. Я сегодня делала покупки и наконец нашла себе перчатки. 5. В последнее время он брал уроки плавания в бассейне и научился довольно хорошо плавать. 6. Он тренирует эту команду всего полгода, но они добились хороших успехов.

Упр. 133*. Раскройте скобки, используя Present Indefinite, Present Continuous, Present Prefect или Present Perfect Continuous.

A.

1. What you (to write)? - I (to write) my composition. I (to write) it all morning and (not to finish) it yet. - I (to finish) mine. I always (to do) the work in time.

2. What you (to do) Jane? - I (to read). - But it (to be) late. You (to read) since morning.

3. Where (to be) John? - He (to work) in the garden. - He must be too tired. He (to work) there all day. - He never (to get) tired when he (to work) in the garden.

4. Who you (to wait) for? - I (to wait) for Jack. I (to wait) for him since 11 o'clock.

5. They (to stand) there for the last 20 minutes. - What they (to talk) all this time?

6. What you (to think) of? - I (to think) of our journey.

7. George and Tony (to play) chess in the living-room. - They (to play) since I (to come) there.

B.

1. He (to run) now. He (to run) for 20 minutes without any rest. 2. What

they (to do) now? - They (to work) in the reading-room. They (to work) there for three hours. 3. Where he (to be) now? - He (to be) in the garden. He (to play) with his friends. They (to play) since breakfast time. They always (to play) together. 4. I (to live) in St.Petersburg. I (to live) there since 1990. 5. She already (to do) her homework for 2 hours, but (not to do) it yet. 6. What you (to do)? - I (to read). I (to read) for three hours. I already (to read) sixty pages. 7. I (to wait) for you since 3 o'clock. 8. This man (to be) a writer. He (to write) books. He (to write) books since he was a young man. He already (to write) six novels. 9. Lena is very proud. She always (to help) her mother about the house. Today she (to help) her mother since morning. She already (to clean) the living-room. Now she (to wash) the windows.

C.

1. I (to ring) the bell for the last quarter of an hour. 2. I want to see how much he (to change) since I last saw him. 3. You (to have) any word from him since he left? 4. Here's my key. I (to leave). 5. I asked them not to make any decision until they (to get) the documents. 6. Wait till you (to see) Mark and (to talk) to him. 7. But what will we do? - I (to think) about it a lot. I (to think) about it all week. But I (not to know) what to do. 8. I mustn't let my eyes get all red and swollen, or Henry will know I (to cry). 9. Look, I (to know) Francis very well. I (to know) him since we were very young. 10. My dear, you and I (to be) friends for all these years but I never (to tell) you what really happened to Arthur. 11. What are we going to say to him when he (to come)? 12. I'm in great trouble. My little boy (to fall) off a ladder and (to hurt) himself.

D.

1. He (to solve) the cross-word puzzle for half an hour and he (to say) he

(to be) about to finish it as soon as he (to think) over the last word. 2. The actors (to rehearse) since early morning; now they (to go) over the first scene as they (not to be) satisfied with their acting. 3. Here you (to be) at last! I (to wait) for you for twenty minutes. You (not to be) ashamed? 4. She (to speak) over the telephone long enough, it (to be) time for her to stop talking. 5. As you (to work) late hours this week, you (to look) tired. 6. It (to snow) the whole week and it still (to snow). If it (to go) on like this nobody will be able to reach the camp. 7. At last you (to open) the door! 8. My watch (to keep) good time ever since I bought it. 9. They (to discuss) this question ever since I (to be) here and they (not to come) to any decision yet. 10. The typist (to miss) several words as she (to talk) all the time. 11. The lecturer (to mention) this name several times but I cannot remember it. I (to write) it down as soon as he (to mention) it again. 12. He (to work) at the language all the time and (to make) great progress. His phonetics (to be) perfect, only a slight accent (to remain).

Упр. 134*. Переведите на английский, используя Present Indefinite, Present Continuous, Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous.

A.

1. Я его только что видела. Он разговаривал с кем-то в коридоре. 2. Ты в жизни никогда по-настоящему никого не любил. 3. Когда он обычно приходит? 4. Секретарь еще не вернулась. 5. Что вы там так долго обсуждали? 6. В последнее время вы меньше работаете. 7. Мы только что пообедали. 8. Она мне все рассказала. 9. Они играют у себя в комнате с самого обеда. 10. Я о вас так много слышала. 11. Где я видел это лицо? 12. Она сейчас работает в библиотеке над докладом.

B.

1. Они второй день переводят эту статью. Они перевели уже 60 страниц. 2. Учитель еще не пришел, а студенты уже на своих местах и повторяют текст. 3. Эта книга все еще у него? Сколько времени он ее читает? 4. Он закончил первое упражнение и делает второе. 5. Он тренирует нас с тех пор, как я играю в этой команде. 6. Они уже приняли решение по первому вопросу? - Нет, они все еще спорят. Они обсуждают этот вопрос уже два часа и еще не пришли ни к какому соглашению.