- •2. Stylistic Lexicology: classification and distinctive features of the main layers of the English vocabulary
- •3. Stylistic Morphology: Transposition of the notional parts of speech.
- •4. Stylistic Phonetics
- •5. Stylistic Semasiology: Stylistic devices based on the interaction of different types of lexical meaning
- •7.Principles of the Literary Text Structure Cohesion
- •1) Situational (registerial) coherence
- •2) Generic (жанрова)
- •III. Intentionality and IV. Acceptibility
- •9. Literary Text Setting: types and functions
- •8.Literary Text Character Types and Methods of Characterization
- •10. Aspects of Translator Reliability
- •11. Transformations in Translation
- •12.Define the notion of Science and Scientific Schools
- •Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913)
- •The structuralists
- •The London School
- •Noam Chomsky and Generative Grammar
- •The Contemporary Scene
- •Publication
- •General scientific summaries
- •Instructions
- •14 Define the main principles of language classification
- •16 Dwell on the development of the English graphemics
- •18. Old English Verb Paradigm
- •15.Speak on the Germanic invasion of Britain and its role in the formation of the nation and the language
- •20Methodology and related sciences.
- •21. Ian Comenius and his Method
- •23.Traditional Approaches to Language Teaching
- •22.Methodology of tefl: basic categories and aims.
- •24. Grammatical categories and grammatical forms
- •27. Verbals in English
- •28. The category of Voice (c of V)
- •29. Classification of sentences
- •30. Classification of Phrases
- •31. The definition and dimensions of communication
- •32. Components of the communication process
- •33. Modern Communication Theories
- •2. Language Expectancy Theory
- •3. Psycho-linguistic theory
- •4. Framing theory
- •5. Network theory
- •6. Social cognitive theory
- •34. Barriers of Communication
- •35. Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication
- •36. Models of the Communication Process
- •37. Word meaning
- •38. Polysemy and homonymy in the English language
- •39. Word Formation: basic problem, definition, types
- •40. Borrowings in the English Language
- •1. According to the aspect which is borrowed,
- •2. According to the degree of assimilation,
- •3. According to the language from which the word was borrowed.
- •Italian Borrowings
- •41. Phraseological Units: definition & classifications
- •42. Semantic classification of words
- •43. Generative - Transformational Grammar: general characteristics.
- •44. The Scope of the Study of Pragmatics
- •45. General Methods of Obtaining and Processing Linguistic Data
- •Methods
- •1. Informants – an empirical, active method
- •2. Recording – an empirical, active, instrumental method
- •3. Elicitation (встановлення правди)
- •4. Experiments
- •5. The comparative method. The reconstruction technique.
- •7. Computer Techniques
- •46. Basics concepts of lcs: background knowledge, communicative competence.
- •47. Realia as linguo-cultural elements of Linguo-Country studies. Classification of realia.
- •48. Prehistoric Britain. Celtic words in Modern English
- •49 ) English language chronology and highlights or the british history
- •50. English as Lingua Franca for the Modern World. Standard English & Received Pronunciation
7.Principles of the Literary Text Structure Cohesion
Text (form latin ‘textus’ – combination)
Is a a communicative occurrence which meets 7 standards of textuality;
I. COHERENCE – refer to the way a group of clause or sentences relate to the context (a coherent text has an underline logical structure that guides reader throughout a text, so it sticks together as a unit.
We recognize two levels of context
1) of situation (=register= uk . стиль)
2) of culture (refers to genre)
Correspondingly, we recognize 2 types of coherence:
1) Situational (registerial) coherence
2) Generic (жанрова)
Register – is a form of language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting.
Registers are linguistic varieties, linked to occupation or professions or topics.
We recognize medical, law, technical, scientific registers…
Registers are by the use of part.words.
Discourse – used a a synonym for register.
Style – a range of variations within the speech of an individual speaker. – it is a social dialect.
A text has
A situational coherence when we can think of 1 situation in which all the clauses of the text could occur.
Here we can specify a field, a mode and a tenor.
A field concerns domain (what is going on&)
Mode concerns medium (спосіб) speech or writing and channel (face-to-face, phone)
Tenor presupposes participants (who is taking part)
Generic coherence – when we can recognize a particular genre.
II. COHESION - is the text internal properties.
It describes the ways, competence of the sentence of a text are mutually connected (both grammatically and lexically)
The task of textual analysis is to identify the linguistic features that cause the sentence sequence to cohere.
He key notion is a sentence tie.
Types of cohesive factors:
1) conjunctive relations
e.g. I left early, however, he stayed till the end
2) co-reference; features that cannot be semantically interpreted without referring to some other features in the text
anaphoric (looks backwards) e.g. Several people approached .
They seemed angry.
cataphoric (looks forward) e.g. Listen to this! Lane is getting married.
substitution (proforms)
e.g. I’ve got a pencil.
Have you got one?
Ellipsis
repeated forms (repetition)
lexical relationships
E.g. Flowers are lovely.
She likes tulips best.
comparison
e.g. The house was bad.
This one was worse.
III. Intentionality and IV. Acceptibility
Pair principles. Mostly used on pragmatics.
V. INFORMATIVITY has to do with the way parts of the text have communicative value. Syntax plays very important role. The longer the utterance is – the more informative it is.
VI. CONTEXTUALITY focuses on the context (with pragmatics and sociolinguitics)
Pragmatics focuses on what the participants intend to accomplish through the use of language.
Sociolinguistics – study of l-ge in use, study of the relation between the l-ge and the society.
VII. INTERTEXTUALITY the least linguistic principle.
It has to do with literature.
Stands for the connotation of one text with another.
Two levels of a l-ge unit realization: 1) Emic – refers to l-ge level. 2) Etic – is a speech level