- •2. Stylistic Lexicology: classification and distinctive features of the main layers of the English vocabulary
- •3. Stylistic Morphology: Transposition of the notional parts of speech.
- •4. Stylistic Phonetics
- •5. Stylistic Semasiology: Stylistic devices based on the interaction of different types of lexical meaning
- •7.Principles of the Literary Text Structure Cohesion
- •1) Situational (registerial) coherence
- •2) Generic (жанрова)
- •III. Intentionality and IV. Acceptibility
- •9. Literary Text Setting: types and functions
- •8.Literary Text Character Types and Methods of Characterization
- •10. Aspects of Translator Reliability
- •11. Transformations in Translation
- •12.Define the notion of Science and Scientific Schools
- •Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913)
- •The structuralists
- •The London School
- •Noam Chomsky and Generative Grammar
- •The Contemporary Scene
- •Publication
- •General scientific summaries
- •Instructions
- •14 Define the main principles of language classification
- •16 Dwell on the development of the English graphemics
- •18. Old English Verb Paradigm
- •15.Speak on the Germanic invasion of Britain and its role in the formation of the nation and the language
- •20Methodology and related sciences.
- •21. Ian Comenius and his Method
- •23.Traditional Approaches to Language Teaching
- •22.Methodology of tefl: basic categories and aims.
- •24. Grammatical categories and grammatical forms
- •27. Verbals in English
- •28. The category of Voice (c of V)
- •29. Classification of sentences
- •30. Classification of Phrases
- •31. The definition and dimensions of communication
- •32. Components of the communication process
- •33. Modern Communication Theories
- •2. Language Expectancy Theory
- •3. Psycho-linguistic theory
- •4. Framing theory
- •5. Network theory
- •6. Social cognitive theory
- •34. Barriers of Communication
- •35. Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication
- •36. Models of the Communication Process
- •37. Word meaning
- •38. Polysemy and homonymy in the English language
- •39. Word Formation: basic problem, definition, types
- •40. Borrowings in the English Language
- •1. According to the aspect which is borrowed,
- •2. According to the degree of assimilation,
- •3. According to the language from which the word was borrowed.
- •Italian Borrowings
- •41. Phraseological Units: definition & classifications
- •42. Semantic classification of words
- •43. Generative - Transformational Grammar: general characteristics.
- •44. The Scope of the Study of Pragmatics
- •45. General Methods of Obtaining and Processing Linguistic Data
- •Methods
- •1. Informants – an empirical, active method
- •2. Recording – an empirical, active, instrumental method
- •3. Elicitation (встановлення правди)
- •4. Experiments
- •5. The comparative method. The reconstruction technique.
- •7. Computer Techniques
- •46. Basics concepts of lcs: background knowledge, communicative competence.
- •47. Realia as linguo-cultural elements of Linguo-Country studies. Classification of realia.
- •48. Prehistoric Britain. Celtic words in Modern English
- •49 ) English language chronology and highlights or the british history
- •50. English as Lingua Franca for the Modern World. Standard English & Received Pronunciation
34. Barriers of Communication
The act of communicating involves verbal, non-verbal and paraverbal components.
The verbal components refer to the message content, choice and arrangement of the words. The non-verbal component refers to the message we send through our body language, paraverbal c. – to how we say, what we say,the tone,pacing and volume of our voices.
In order to communicate affectively we must use these 3 components in order to do 2 things:
1) send clear concise messages
2) hear and correctly understand messages someone sends to us.
Verbal messages. In order to send verbal messages effectively, we must state our point of view as briefly as possible.
Non-verbal messages= 55% of what is perceived and understood. (facial expression,posture,gesture)
Paraverbal messages=38%.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION (C) BARRIERS
1. Attacking (interrogating, criticizing, blaming, shaming)
2. You-messages (moralizing, advising)
3. Showing power (ordering, threatening)
4. Other (Shouting, refusing to speak)
NON-VERBAL C BARRIERS
1) fleshing or rolling eyes
2) quick or slow movement
3) arms/legs crossed
4) gestures made with exasperation
5) poor personal care
6) staring at people or avoiding eye contact.
CLASSIFICATION OF BARRIERS
I. Physical b-s in the workplace include:
-marked out territories to which strangers are not allowed
-closed office doors
-barrier screens
II. Perceptional B-s
the problem with communicating with others is that we all see the world differently, if we didn’t, we would have the need to communicate
III. Emotional B-s
one of the chief barriers to open and free C. which is comprised of:
-fear
-mistrust
-suspicion
IV. Cultural B-s
When we join a group and wish to remain in it, we need to adopt the behavior patters of the group. a group can reward such behavior through act of recognizing, approval and inclusion.
V. Language B-s
L-ge that describes what we want to say in our terms may present barriers to others who are not familiar with our expressions and jargon
VI. Gender B-s
There’re distinct differences btw the speech patterns in a man (7-10.000 words a day)and in those in a woman (22-25.000). In child hood girls speak earlier than boys and at the age of 3 have the vocabulary twice that of a boy. The reason for this lies in the wiring of a man’s and woman’s brains. When a man talks, his speech is located in the left side of the brain but in no specific area. When a woman talks – in both hemispheres and in 2 specific locations
VII. Interpersonal B-s
There are 6 levels at which people can distance themselves from one another.
1) withdrawal (absence of interpersonal contact). It’s both refusal to be in touch and time alone
2) rituals (meaningless, repetitive routines devoid of life contact)
3) pastimes (fill up time with others in social but superficial activities)
4) working (activities are those tasks which follow the rules and procedures of contact but no more)
5) games (subtle, manipulative interactions which are about winning and losing)
6)closeness (aim of interpersonal contact where there’s a high level of honesty and acceptance of yourself and others.)