- •I. Choose the right word.
- •II. Circle a), b) or c) to complete the sentence.
- •I. Match the beginnings of the sentences to their ends using the information from the text.
- •II. Replace the words and word combinations in italics (a) by their contextual synonyms
- •III. Answer the questions.
- •IV. Give the English equivalents.
- •V. With your partner, speak on the different aspects of architectural planning.
- •I. Complete the following sentences.
- •II. Choose the right term.
- •III. Choose the right preposition.
- •I. Find the false sentences using the information from the text. Correct them.
- •II. Match the beginnings of the sentences to their ends using the information from the text.
- •III. You misheard the information. Make it more exact putting the questions.
- •IV. Prove the following, using the information from the text.
- •V. Answer the following questions.
- •VI. Read the text and tell about the use of the Dork and Ionic orders in the architecture of the Acropolis.
- •VII. Ask your friend to describe one of the Orders of Architecture.
- •I. Choose the right sentence.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •III. Choose the right form of the verb.
- •IV. Choose the right preposition.
- •I. Fill in the gaps with the words from the text.
- •II. Match the beginnings of the sentences to their ends using the information from the text.
- •III. Find the false sentences using the information from the text. Correct them.
- •IV. Change into passive.
- •V. A) Find in the text the synonyms for the following words.
- •VI. Answer the following questions.
- •VII. Give the English equivalents.
- •I. Choose the right sentence.
- •II. Circle a), b), or c) to complete the sentences.
- •III. Choose the right sentence.
- •I. Choose the right verb.
- •II. Choose the right form of the adjective.
- •III. Choose the right terms to the following definitions.
- •IV. Give the Russian equivalents.
- •V. Match the beginnings of the sentences to their ends.
- •VI. Increase your vocabulary. Make your own sentences using these verbs.
- •XI. Ask your partner which architectural monuments he would like to see being in Rome.
- •I. Complete the sentences.
- •II. Choose the right sentence.
- •III. Choose the right synonyms for the following words.
- •I. Suggest the Russian equivalents.
- •II. Replace the words in italics (a) by synonyms (b).
- •III. Match the beginnings of the sentences to their ends using the information from the text.
- •IV. Increase your vocabulary. Make some sentences of your own using these phrases.
- •I. Complete the following sentences.
- •II. Choose the right adjective.
- •III. Choose the right word.
- •I. Suggest the Russian equivalents.
- •II. Match the terms (a) and their definitions (b).
- •IV.Answer the following questions.
- •V. Paraphrase the following statements using the information from the text.
- •VI. Give the English equivalents.
- •VII. With your partner, make up a dialogue using the information from the text 1 and your own knowledge on the subject.
- •VIII. Read the text and speak on a typical example of the Renaissance style in England.
I. Complete the sentences.
1. At the technical level the Gothic style is characterized by the ribbed vault, the flying buttress, and ...
a) the round arch
b) the bulbous dome
c) the pointed arch
2. The title the "first Gothic building" is given to ...
a) the abbey of Saint-Denis
b) Westminster abbey
c) King's College Chapel
3. In English architecture the usual subdivisians are Early English, Decorated and ... styles.
a) Carolingian
b) Flamboyant
c) Perpendicular
4. English architects for a long time retained a liking for ...
a) plain surfaces
b) heavy surface decoration
c) curved surfaces
5. Gothic was essentially the style of ... countries.
a) the Buddhist
b) the Orthodox
c) the Catholic
II. Choose the right sentence.
1. The Gothic style developed in most countries of Europe.
a) The Gothic style was associated with the barbarian north.
b) Gothic is represented in many European countries.
c) Paris — for much of this period the home of a powerful and artistically enlightened court — played an especially important role in the history of Gothic art.
2. Canterbury Cathedral was the most influential building in the new fashion.
a) Canterbury Cathedral was the most important structure of the Early English Gothic.
b) Canterbury resembles St. Paul's Cathedral.
c) Canterbury Cathedral was built in the 12th century.
3. English architects retained a liking for heavy surface decoration.
a) English architects preferred restrained decoration.
b) The stained glass of the period was heavily coloured.
c) English architects kept on using ponderous exterior decorations.
4. Gothic was used for cathedrals, churches and monasteries.
a) Gothic was used for industrial buildings.
b) Gothic was used for ecclesiastic structures.
c) In most European countries artists imitated architectural styles from northern France.
III. Choose the right synonyms for the following words.
1. barbarian
a) important b) strong c) uncivilized
2. cathedral
a) church b) nave c) palace
3. style
a) character b) skill c) fashion
4. front elevation
a) foundation b) ensemble c) facade
5. decorated
a) sophisticated b) ornamented c) pointed
6. secular
a) not sacred b) essential c) final
7. to survive
a) to stop b) to use c) to outlive
EXERCISES
I. Suggest the Russian equivalents.
because of its association with the barbarian north;
the ribbed vault;
the pointed arch;
the flying buttress;
a highly sophisticated architectural plan;
the skill and precision;
undulating chain windows;
traditional claim;
to be obvious;
attached shafts;
the final flowering;
vertical emphasis in structure;
secular buildings;
the survival of Gothic forms
II. Replace the words in italics (a) by synonyms (b).
A.
1. The most influential building in the new fashion was the choir of Canterbury cathedral.
2. Colonettes became extremely popular with English architects.
3. They retained a liking for heavy surface decoration.
4. The architectural effects achieved were more inventive generally than those of contemporary continental buildings.
5. Other major monuments were St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster and York Minster nave, St. George's Chapel, Windsor.
6. Gothic was also carried to Cyprus, Malta, Syria, and Palestine.
B. very; chief; preference; European; structure, transferred