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I. Complete the sentences.

1. At the technical level the Gothic style is characterized by the ribbed vault, the flying buttress, and ...

a) the round arch

b) the bulbous dome

c) the pointed arch

2. The title the "first Gothic building" is given to ...

a) the abbey of Saint-Denis

b) Westminster abbey

c) King's College Chapel

3. In English architecture the usual subdivisians are Early English, Dec­orated and ... styles.

a) Carolingian

b) Flamboyant

c) Perpendicular

4. English architects for a long time retained a liking for ...

a) plain surfaces

b) heavy surface decoration

c) curved surfaces

5. Gothic was essentially the style of ... countries.

a) the Buddhist

b) the Orthodox

c) the Catholic

II. Choose the right sentence.

1. The Gothic style developed in most countries of Europe.

a) The Gothic style was associated with the barbarian north.

b) Gothic is represented in many European countries.

c) Paris — for much of this period the home of a powerful and ar­tistically enlightened court — played an especially important role in the history of Gothic art.

2. Canterbury Cathedral was the most influential building in the new fashion.

a) Canterbury Cathedral was the most important structure of the Early English Gothic.

b) Canterbury resembles St. Paul's Cathedral.

c) Canterbury Cathedral was built in the 12th century.

3. English architects retained a liking for heavy surface decoration.

a) English architects preferred restrained decoration.

b) The stained glass of the period was heavily coloured.

c) English architects kept on using ponderous exterior decorations.

4. Gothic was used for cathedrals, churches and monasteries.

a) Gothic was used for industrial buildings.

b) Gothic was used for ecclesiastic structures.

c) In most European countries artists imitated architectural styles from northern France.

III. Choose the right synonyms for the following words.

1. barbarian

a) important b) strong c) uncivilized

2. cathedral

a) church b) nave c) palace

3. style

a) character b) skill c) fashion

4. front elevation

a) foundation b) ensemble c) facade

5. decorated

a) sophisticated b) ornamented c) pointed

6. secular

a) not sacred b) essential c) final

7. to survive

a) to stop b) to use c) to outlive

EXERCISES

I. Suggest the Russian equivalents.

  • because of its association with the barbarian north;

  • the ribbed vault;

  • the pointed arch;

  • the flying buttress;

  • a highly sophisticated architectural plan;

  • the skill and precision;

  • undulating chain windows;

  • traditional claim;

  • to be obvious;

  • attached shafts;

  • the final flowering;

  • vertical emphasis in structure;

  • secular buildings;

  • the survival of Gothic forms

II. Replace the words in italics (a) by synonyms (b).

A.

1. The most influential building in the new fashion was the choir of Canterbury cathedral.

2. Colonettes became extremely popular with English architects.

3. They retained a liking for heavy surface decoration.

4. The architectural effects achieved were more inventive generally than those of contemporary continental buildings.

5. Other major monuments were St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster and York Minster nave, St. George's Chapel, Windsor.

6. Gothic was also carried to Cyprus, Malta, Syria, and Palestine.

B. very; chief; preference; European; structure, transferred