5. The monarchy and republic as different types of government and their advantages.

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Monarchy, political system based upon the undivided sovereignty or rule of a single person. The term applies to states in which supreme authority is vested in the monarch, an individual ruler who functions as the head of state and who achieves his position through heredity. Succession usually passes from father to son or follows other arrangements within the family or the monarchical dynasty.

Why Monarchy is a Good Thing? 

One of the advantages of monarchy is Patriotism. This makes many individuals to have a big affection for their respective countries. Hence, a monarchy provides the curiosity of patriotism, which is far superior to a Republican system. The other advantages of a monarchy are its high level of civilization, qualification and political stability. The monarchy doesn’t cost very much. Her Majesty the Queen is only the 50th richest person in the United Kingdom, and costs the taxpayer only 57p a year. The Prime Minister costs the taxpayer far more. Though the royal family’s wealth originally came from the fact that they owned and taxed all the land in England, now the “civil list” is voted on in Parliament every year. The Queen can never be corrupted, because she is too rich to be bribed or bullied (запугивать). She has around 500 million pounds of personal wealth. So while a Prime Minister or elected official can be corrupt, at least the head-of-state can’t be. he monarchy is the basis of the Commonwealth and the Queen is the head of the Commonwealth. The Queen, of course, is a very experienced politician, having been in power for about 60 years. It is very useful to have a forum for international discussion, and so the Commonwealth is a positive thing. Monarchy is one of the only uniting factors in the United Kingdom. Few things actually unite Ireland, Scotland, England, and Wales, and the monarchy is one of them. Unity is a good thing.

21. The system of higher education in Ukraine and Great Britain: the comparative analysis

Educational system in Britain has compulsory character. All children must study between aged 5 to 16. There is a considerable choice of post-school education in Britain. The higher education system in the UK include universities, colleges and courses at various colleges. Students may receive grants and loans from their Local Educational Authorities to help pay for books, accommodation, transport and food. However, most students should pay these loans back after they get a job.

Most students in Great Britain live away from home, in flats or halls of residence. To pay for education, many students have to work in the evening and during their summer vacations.Universities in Britain enjoy complete academic freedom, choosing their own staff and deciding which students to admit, what and how to teach, and which degrees to award . They are mainly government-funded, except for the totally independent University of Buckingham. There is no automatic admission to university, as there are only a limited number of places (around 100,000) available each year. Candidates are accepted on the basis of their A-level results. Virtually all degree courses are full-time and most last three years.

After three years of teaching university graduate will leave with a Bachelor of Arts or Science. A student may continue to take a master’s degree, and then a doctor. There are more than 60 universities in the UK. But not all universities are equal. They differ from each other in history and tradition.

Those who want to enter higher educational institutions in Ukraine should complete 10-11 forms. Students can also enter higher educational institutions after graduating from specialized colleges or lyceums. They prepare students in different fields, whether the humanities or the sciences. Some of them are organized under the authorities of higher educational establishments. The system of higher education is presented by universities, polytechnic institutes or specialized institutes. Universities offer a five-year course of study and usually have from six to twelve departments. Institutes train specialists for industry, agriculture and economy. Most of them have been conferred the status of Academy or University recently. Students are also offered post-graduate education and scientific research work. Nowadays due to the state of our national economy not many young people are engaged in research work. But still in some fields of science there are outstanding discoveries and research papers. Some universities and institutes have refresher courses. Recently a great number of private educational establishments have appeared. Some institutions have fee-paying groups or faculties. There the students may get education at the same high level as in the state institutions.