сист счисления
.pdfОтвет: 201,2510 - 59,7510 = 141,510 = 10001101,12 = 215,48 = 8D,816.
Проверка. Преобразуем полученные разности к десятичному виду: 10001101,12 = 27 + 23 + 22 + 20 + 2-1 = 141,5; 215,48 = 2 . 82 + 1 . 81 + 5 . 80 + 4 . 8-1 = 141,5;
8D,816 = 8 . 161 + D . 160 + 8 . 16-1 = 141,5.
5.3 УМНОЖЕНИЕ
10* #// .+#*7%# % +#*;*$# (#15 ( '% 2 & $ (#15 0*$ 6 *##15 ' ',%+ 5 '( ' %# /, +*7#* '0* !$*2 ,! *)1(#18 ;*& ,+ 0%&%+#*7%# / ( '% 2 ',* ) ", #* 0& =,*+ &%$. !, ,1 0%&%+#*7%# / ' *7%# / *-#*$# (#15 ( '% #%*)5*- +* $ +',2*2 ,! $ '**,2%,',2.34 5 & ''+ ,& 2 %+*8 ' ',%+% , ) 6 .+#*7%# / ' *7%# /.
Умножение в двоичной системе Умножение в восьмеричной системе
2 -. (&%$21( 8#*8 0&*',*,1 , ) 61 .+#*7%# / 2 -2* (#*8 ' ',%+%, .+#*7%# % '2*- ,'/ 9! " '-2 ; + +#*7 +*;* ' *7%# /+.
21
& +%& 15. %&%+#*7 + ( ' 5 6.
Ответ: 5 . 6 = 3010 = 111102 = 368.
Проверка. Преобразуем полученные произведения к десятичному виду: 111102 = 24 + 23 + 22 + 21 = 30; 368 = 3 81 + 6 80 = 30.
& +%& 16. %&%+#*7 + ( ' 115 51.
Ответ: 115 . 51 = 586510 = 10110111010012 = 133518.
Проверка. Преобразуем полученные произведения к десятичному виду: 10110111010012 = 212 + 210 + 29 + 27 + 26 + 25 + 23 + 20 = 5865; 133518 = 1 . 84 + 3 . 83 + 3 . 82 + 5 . 81 + 1 . 80 = 5865.
5.4 ДЕЛЕНИЕ
% %# % 2 3)*8 0*$ 6 *##*8 ' ',%+% '( ' %# / 0&* $2*- ,'/ 0* ,%+ 7% 0& 2 +, " " -% %# % .; *+ 2 -%'/, (#*8 ' ',%+%. -2* (#*8 ' ',%+% -% %# % 210* #/%,'/ *'*)%##* 0&*',*, 2%-! *(%&%-# / 6 & ( ',#*;* +*7%, )1,! ,* !"* #. %+ %- # 6%8.
22
& +%& 17. $-% + ( ' * 30 # ( ' * 6.
Ответ: 30 : 6 = 510 = 1012 = 58.
& +%& 18.. $-% + ( ' * 5865 # ( ' * 115.
Ответ: 5865 : 115 = 5110 = 1100112 = 638.
Проверка. Преобразуем полученные частные к десятичному виду: 1100112 = 25 + 24 + 21 + 20 = 51; 638 = 6 . 81 + 3 . 80 = 51.
23
& +%& 19. $-% + ( ' * 35 # ( ' * 14.
Ответ: 35 : 14 = 2,510 = 10,12 = 2,48.
Проверка. Преобразуем полученные частные к десятичному виду: 10,12 = 21 + 2 -1 = 2,5; 2,48 = 2 . 80 + 4 . 8-1 = 2,5.
24
6. ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СПОСОБЫ ПЕРЕВОДА ИЗ ОДНОЙ ПОЗИЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ СЧИСЛЕНИЯ В ДРУГУЮ
& +%& 20. %&%2%-%+ ( ' * 318 $ 2*'!+%& (#*8 ' ',%+1 '( ' %# / 2 ,&* (#.3.
318 = 2213, 0& +%#/%+ -% %# %, *)& $.34 %'/ *', ," *&+ &.3, *,2%,, '0*'*) 0%&%2*- # + .7% $# "*+, #* #.7#* .(%',!, (,* -% ,% ! -* 7%# )1,! $ 0 ' # 2 ,*8 7% ' ',%+% '( ' %# /, (,* -% +*%, 2 # 9%+ ' .( % 310 = 38
& +%& 21. %&%2%-%+ ( ' * 318 $ 2*'!+%& (#*8 ' ',%+1 '( ' %# / 2 -%'/, (#.3.
318 = 2510, # + .7% $# "*+ '0*'*) 0%&%2*- ' '0* !$*2 # %+ & $&/-*2
.+#*7%# /, $-%'! 0&%-', 2 %# %4% *- # 2 & #, 0%&%2*- $ 2*'!+%& (#*8 ' ',%+1 2 -%'/, (#.3. & +%#/%+ -% %# %, *)& $.34 %'/ *', ," *&+ &.3, *,2%,, #* #.7#* .(%',!, (,* -% ,% ! -* 7%# )1,! $ 0 ' # 2 ,*8 7% ' ',%+% '( ' %# /, (,* -% +*%. ' * 318 +1 -* 7#1 -% ,! # *'#*2 # % ' ',%+1 2 "*,*&.3 0%&%2*- + $ 0 ' ##*% 2 2*'!+%& (#*8 ' ',%+% '( ' %# / 1010 = 128
& +%& 22. %&%2%-%+ ( ' * 111112 $ -2* (#*8 ' ',%+1 '( ' %# / 2 -%'/, (#.3.
111112 = 6310, # + .7% $# "*+ '0*'*) 0%&%2*- ' '0* !$*2 # %+ & $&/-*2
.+#*7%# /, $-%'! 0&%-', 2 %# %4% *- # 2 & #, 0%&%2*- $ -2* (#*8 ' ',%+1 2 -%'/, (#.3. & +%#/%+ -% %# %, *)& $.34 %'/ *', ," *&+ &.3, *,2%,, #* #.7#* .(%',!, (,* -% ,% ! -* 7%# )1,! $ 0 ' # 2 ,*8 7% ' ',%+% '( ' %# /, (,* -% +*%. ' * 111112 +1 -* 7#1 -% ,! # *'#*2 # % ' ',%+1 2 "*,*&.3 0%&%2*- + $ 0 ' ##*% 2 -2* (#*8 ' ',%+% '( ' %# / 1010 = 10102
25
7. ЧИСЛА В ПАМЯТИ КОМПЬЮТЕРА
3) / # *&+ 6 / 2 0 +/, "*+0!3,%& 0&%-', 2 /%,'/ 2 -2* (#*+ 2 -%: 0*' %-*2 ,% !#*',!3 #. %8 %- # 6. ',*& (%'" 0%&21+ , 0*+ - ##15, ' "*,*&1+ ', & )*, ,! "*+0!3,%&1, )1 ( ' . %0%&! =,* ( ' , ,%"',1,$*)& 7%# %, $2.". )*, ' - ##1+ 3)*;* , 0 2 "*#%(#*+ '(%,% '2*- ,'/ " *)& )*,"% -2* (#15 ( '% - ( '% , $ 0 '12 %+15 ' 0*+*4!3 -2.5 6 & - 0 1.*=,*+. '*2&%+%##1% "*+0!3,%% ,%5#* *; # $12 3,
.
"*+0!3,%&% & $ ( 3,'/ -2 , 0 ( ' *215 2% ( #: 6% 1% ( ' 2%4%',2%##1% ( ' . $ ( 3,'/ '0*'*)1 5 0&%-', 2 %# / 2 0 +/, "*+0!3,%& .
7.1ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ ЦЕЛЫХ ЧИСЕЛ БЕЗ ЗНАКА
',! 0 +/, , 2 "*,*&*8 5& # ,'/ *-#* ( ' *, ).-%+ # $12 ,! /(%8"*8.# + !# / /(%8" , 2 "*,*&*8 +*7%, 5& # ,!'/ 6% *% ( ' *, +*7%, +%,! & $+%& 8 ) ,*2 - 1 ) 8,, 16 ) ,*2 – 2 ) 8, . *-#*) 8,*2*+ *&+ ,% 0& # + 3,
$# (%# / *, 000000002 -* 111111112. -2.5) 8,*2*+ *&+ ,% - *,
00000000 000000002 -* 11111111 111111112.
* .( + 0&%-', 2 %# % -%'/, (#*;* ( ' 2510 2 *-#*) 8,*2*+ *&+ ,% 2 -2.5) 8,*2*+ *&+ ,%. / =,*;* #.7#* 0%&%2%', ( ' * 2 -2* (#.3 ' ',%+.
'( ' %# /, 2510=110012.
2 *-#*) 8,*2*+ *&+ ,%
2 -2.5) 8,*2*+ *&+ ,%
' * $ 0 '12 %,'/ «0& 7 ,1+» " 0& 2*+. "& 3 (2 + -9 5 & $&/- 5), *', 29 %'/ ' %2 & $&/-1 $ 0* #/3,'/ #. /+ .
# # & , # #
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Формат |
|
Диапазон |
||
|
числа в |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Запись с порядком |
|
Обычная запись |
|
|
байтах |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
1 |
|
0 ... 28-1 |
|
0 ... 255 |
|
|
|
|
||
|
2 |
|
0 ... 216-1 |
|
0 ... 65535 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
26
7.2 ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ ЦЕЛЫХ ЧИСЕЛ СО ЗНАКОМ
)1(#* $ # + 3, 2 0 +/, "*+0!3,%& *- #, -2 (%,1&% ) 8, , 0& =,*+ ' +18 %218 (', &9 8) & $&/- '*-%&7 , # *&+ 6 3 * $# "% ( ' . ' ( ' * 0* *7 ,% !#*%, ,* 2 =,*+ & $&/-% #* !, %' *,& 6 ,% !#*% ,* – %- # 6 .
# # & , #
Формат |
|
|
|
Диапазон |
|
числа в |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Запись с |
|
Обычная запись |
|||
байтах |
|
||||
|
порядком |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
-27 |
... 27-1 |
|
-128 |
... 127 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
-215 |
... 215-1 |
|
-32768 |
... 32767 |
4 -231 ... 231-1 -2147483648 ... 2147483647
''+*,& + *'*)%##*', $ 0 ' 6% 15 ( '% '* $# "*+ # 0& +%&%
& ) , 0& "*,*&*+ - / $# " *,2*- ,'/ *- # & $&/-, - / 6 & )'* 3,#*8 2% ( #1 - '%+! & $&/-*2. +*+. )* !9*+. 0* *7 ,% !#*+. ( ' . 2 *-#*) 8,*2*+ *&+ ,% '**,2%,',2.%, "*-: 01111111.
"*+0!3,%*8 ,%5# "% 0& +%#/3,'/ ,& *&+1 $ 0 ' ("*- &*2 # /) 6% 15 ( '% '* $# "*+: 0&/+*8 "*-, *)& ,#18 "*-, -*0* # ,% !#18 "*-.
*' %-# % -2% *&+1 0& +%#/3,'/ *'*)%##* 9 &*"*, , " " " 0*$2* /3,
.0&*', ,! "*#',&."6 3 & +%, "*- *; (%'"*;* .',&*8',2 "*+0!3,%& 0.,%+ $ +%#1 & $#**)& $#15 & +%, (%'" 5 *0%& 6 8 *0%& 6 %8 ' *7%# /.
$+ 2 0&/+*+, *)& ,#*+ -*0* # ,% !#*+ "*- 5
$*)& 7 3,'/ *- # "*2* - -2* (#1+ "*- + ' 6 &*8 0 2 |
$# "*2*+ & $&/-%. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0& +%&: |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ 2 0&/+*+, *)& ,#*+ -*0* # ,% !#*+ "*- 5 +%3, & $#*% $*)& 7%# %.
1. & . $# "*218 & $&/- 0*+%4 %,'/ 6 & 1, 2 & $&/-1 6 &*2*8 ( ', ( ' - -2* (#18 "*- %;* )'* 3,#*8 2% ( #1. 0& +%&:
27
2. & . * .( %,'/ #2%&, &*2 # %+ 2'%5 6 & -2* (#*;* "*- )'* 3,#*8 2% ( #1 ( ' , 2" 3( / & $&/- $# " : #. $ +%#/3,'/ %- # 6 + , %- # 61 - #. /+ . 0& +%&:
3. + & . * .( %,'/ |
|
|
*)& $*2 # %+ *)& ,#*;* "*- ' |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0*' %-.34 + 0& ) 2 %# %+ %- # 61 " %;* + |
-9%+. & $&/-.. 0& +%&: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
& +%& 23. 0&%-% + 0* =, + 0& 2 + 2#.,&%##% 0&%-', 2 %# % ( ' -2510 2
8-& $&/-#*8 /(%8"%.
1)$ 0 9%+ 2#.,&%##% 0&%-', 2 %# % 0* *7 ,% !#*;* ( ' -2510=000110012;
2)$ 0 9%+ *)& ,#18 "*- ' $ +%#*8 2* 2'%5 & $&/- 5 0 # 1 1 # 0: 11100110
3)0* .( + -*0* # ,% !#18 "*-, 0& ) 2 2 %- # 6. " ( ' ., 0&%-', 2 %##*+. 2 *)& ,#*+ "*-%: 11100110 + 1 = 11100111
4)11100111 – =,* %',! 0&%-', 2 %# % ( ' -2510
)1(#* *,& 6 ,% !#1% -%'/, (#1% ( ' 0& 22*-% 2 + 9 #. 2,*+ , (%'" 0&%*)& $.3,'/ 2 *)& ,#18 -*0* # ,% !#18 -2* (#18 "*- 2 , "*+ 2 -% 5& #/,'/, 0%&%+%4 3,'/ .( ',2.3, 2 *0%& 6 /5. & 212*-% , " 5 ( '% $ + 9 #1 0&* '5*- , *)& ,#*% 0&%*)& $*2 # % 2 *,& 6 ,% !#1% -%'/, (#1% ( ' .
10* #// # "*+0!3,%&% 21( ' %# / ' 6% 1+ ( ' + , #.7#* 0*+# ,! *) *;& # (%##*', - 0 $*# -*0.', +15 $# (%# 8. 15*- &%$. !, ,*2 21( ' %# 8 $
;& # 61 |
-*0.', +*;* - 0 $*# |
# $12 %,'/ . %&%0* #%# % 0& |
21( ' %# /5 ' 6% 1+ ( ' + |
#% 21$12 %, 0&%&12 # / & )*,1 0&*6%''*& . |
|
9 # |
0&*-* 7 %, '( , ,!, #* &%$. !, ,1 +*;., *" $ ,!'/ #%0& 2 !#1+ . |
7.3 ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ ВЕЩЕСТВЕННЫХ ЧИСЕЛ СО ЗНАКОМ
% 1% -&*)#1% ( ' 2 '*2*".0#*', # $12 3,'/ 2%4%',2%##1+ ( ' + .
+ ,%+ , "% |
, "7% '0* !$.%,'/ |
,%&+ # «-%8',2 ,% !#1% |
( ' ». |
%9%# % |
)* !9 #',2 |
+ ,%+ , (%'" 5 $ - ( |
'2*- ,'/ " 21( ' %# /+ |
' 2%4%',2%##1+ |
|
( ' + . |
|
|
|
|
'/"*% 2%4%',2%##*% ( ' * (X) +*7#* $ 0 ' ,! 2 2 -% 0&* $2%-%# / + #, ''1 |
||||
, *'#*2 # / ' ',%+1 '( ' %# / |
q 2 #%"*,*&*8 6% *8 ',%0%# n, |
"*,*&.3 |
||
# $12 3, 0*&/-" +: X = m * qn |
|
|
|
28
0& +%&, ( ' * 25,324 +*7#* $ 0 ' ,! 2 , "*+ 2 -%: 0,25324 * 102 . |
|
||||||||
-%'! |
m = 0,25324 - + #, '' , |
n – 2 - 0*&/-*". |
*&/-*" ." $12 %,, # |
" "*% |
|||||
"* (%',2* 0*$ 6 8 2 " "*+ # 0& 2 %# -* 7# |
'+%', ,!'/ -%'/, (# / $ 0/, / |
||||||||
2 + #, ''%. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4% |
2'%;* - / |
5& #%# / |
2%4%',2%##15 |
( '% |
2 |
0 +/, "*+0!3,%& |
|||
'0* !$.%,'/ |
)* 32-& $&/-# /, |
)* 64-& $&/-# / /(%8" . %&218 |
2 & #, |
||||||
# $12 %,'/ 0&%-', 2 %# %+ ' *)1(#*8 |
,*(#*',!3, 2,*&*8 |
— 0&%-', 2 %# %+ ' |
|||||||
.-2*%##*8 ,*(#*',!3. /(%8"% 5& #/,'/ -2 ( ' |
2 -2* (#*8 ' ',%+% '( ' %# /: |
||||||||
+ #, '' |
|
0*&/-*". |
-%'! +1 |
#% |
).-%+ 0*-&*)#* |
& ''+ ,& 2 ,! |
0& 2 |
0&%-', 2 %# / 2%4%',2%##15 ( '% . ,+%, + 9! *'#*2#1% ' %-',2 /, 21,%" 34 % $ =, 5 0& 2 , "*,*&1% 2 7#* $# ,! 0* !$*2 ,% 3 "*+0!3,%& , $ # + 34%+.'/ + ,%+ , (%'" + 21( ' %# /+ .
'*)%##*', & )*,1 "*+0!3,%& ' 2%4%',2%##1+ ( ' +
1. |
0 |
$*# 2%4%',2%##15 ( '% *;& # (%#. * *# $# ( ,% !#* 9 &%, (%+ |
|||||||
|
- / |
& ''+*,&%##*;* |
& #%% '0*'*) |
0&%-', 2 %# / |
6% 15 ( '% . |
||||
|
0& +%&, |
0& '0* !$*2 # 32-& $&/-#*8 /(%8" |
=,*, |
- 0 |
$*# |
||||
|
' %-.34 8: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-3,4 * 1038 < < 3,4 * 1038. |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
2. |
15*- $ |
- 0 $*# |
(0%&%0* #%# %) |
- |
2 & 8# / |
' ,. 6 / |
- / |
||
|
0&*6%''*& , "*,*&18 0&%&12 %, '2*3 & )*,.. |
|
|
|
|
||||
3. |
%$. !, ,1 |
+ 9 ##15 21( ' %# 8 |
' |
2%4%',2%##1+ |
( ' + |
||||
|
'*-%&7 , 0*;&%9#*',!. & '0* !$*2 # .-2*%##*8 ,*(#*', =, |
||||||||
|
0*;&%9#*',! .+%#!9 %,'/. |
|
|
|
|
|
29
8. ПРИМЕРЫ РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧ
& +%& 24. %'/, (#*% ( ' * 6010 ="2 2 %#,#* ( ' . 74 2 #%"*,*&*8 -&.;*8
' ',%+% '( ' %# / (6010 = 74 ). 8- ,% *'#*2 # % ' ',%+1, 2 "*,*&*8 $ 0 ' #* ( ' * 74 ?
%9%# %
%&%2%-%+ ( ' * 745 2 -%'/, (#.3 ' ',%+. *,#*' ,% !#* #% $2%',#*;* *'#*2 # / ' ',%+1 '( ' %# / – 5.
745 = 7*51+4*50 = 75+4
$ .' *2 / $ - ( $2%',#*, (,* 74 = 6010;
,*;- 75+4=6010; 75=60-4; 75=56; 5=8
,2%,: %'/, (#*% ( ' * 6010 ="2 2 %#,#* ( ' . 748 2 2*'!+%& (#*8 ' ',%+%
'( ' %# /. |
|
|
|
|
|
& +%& 25. |
#* = 9D |
, B = 237 . "*% $ ( '% C, $ 0 ' ##15 2 -2* (#*8 |
|
16 |
8 |
' ',%+%, *,2%( %, .' *2 3 A < C <B?
1)10011010
2)10011110
3)10011111
4)11011110
/ &%9%# / =,*8 $ - ( #%*)5*- +* 2'% ( ' 0%&%2%', 2 *-#. ' ',%+. '( ' %# /, - / # 9%;* .-*)',2 21)%&%+ -%'/, (#.3 ' ',%+. '( ' %# / (2*$+*7#1-&.; % 2 & #,1 &%9%# 8).
10 = 9D16=9*161+13*160 = 15710 B10 = 2378=2*82+3*81+7*80 = 15910
%0%&! 0*' %-*2 ,% !#* 0%&%2%-%+ " 7-18 2 & #, *,2%, 2 -%'/, (#.3 ' ',%+.,
21/'# +, (,* 2,*&*8 2 & #,, 100111102 = 15810 .-*2 %,2*&/%, .' *2 3 |
$ - # /. |
|
,2%,: ( ' * C = 100111102, |
$ 0 ' ##15 2 -2* (#*8 ' ',%+%, *,2%( %, .' *2 3 |
|
A < C < B (9D < 100111102 < 237 ) |
|
|
16 |
8 |
|
& +%& 26. "' + !#*% ( ' *, "*,*&*% +*7%, )1,! $ 0 ' #* ' 0*+*4!3 "*- 0*',*/##*8 - ##1, '*',*/4%;* $ 9%', -2* (#15 ' +2* *2 (#. %8 %- # 6),
&2#*:
"' + !#*% ( ' *, '*',*/4%% $ 9%', -2* (#15 ' +2* *2 (2 2 -% -2* (#*;* "*- ) 21; /- , , ": 1111112 (9%',! %- # 6)
1111112 = 6310
,2%,: "' + !#*% ( ' *, "*,*&*% +*7%, )1,! $ 0 ' #* ' 0*+*4!3 "*- 0*',*/##*8 - ##1, '*',*/4%;* $ 9%', -2* (#15 ' +2* *2 (#. %8 %- # 6), & 2#* 6310
30