Grammar: Simple Passive

	be + Past Participle
Present	am / is / are invited
Past	was / were invited
Future	will be invited

We write notes. – Notes are written.

They explained the rule. – The rule was explained.

He will meet the new students in the hall. – The new students will be met in the hall.

We can make films. – Films can be made.

We looked at the student. – The student was looked at.

2.13 Translate the sentences.

1.A lot of experiments are carried out in our laboratories. 2.Higher mathematics is taught in the first year of students' studies. 3.The student was immediately sent for. 4.Were you asked to come in time? 5.The second talk on the new machine will be given tomorrow by one of the inventors. 6.The text was followed by exercises. 7.The world’s first underground railway was opened in 1863 in London, it is also called the tube. 8.“Hamlet” was written by Shakespeare.

2.14 Rewrite these sentences, putting the verbs in the passive. Keep them in the same tense, and remove they, we, etc.

Model: We clean the garages every day.

The garages are cleaned every day.

1.They export this computer to seventy different countries. 2.We opened the office at nine o’clock. 3.They send two million books to India every year. 4.We told him not to be late again. 5.They posted all the letters yesterday. 6.They’ll pay me a lot of money to do the job. 7.Fortunately, they didn’t damage the machinery. 8.We send the newspapers to Scotland by train.

2.15 Learn the names of the faculties.

1.The Faculty of Shipbuilding and Ocean Technology – факультет кораблестроения и океанотехники

2.The Faculty of Marine Engineering and Automation – факультет корабельной энергетики и автоматики

3.The Faculty of Designing Marine Devices – факультет морского приборостроения

4.The Faculty of Economics – факультет экономики

5.The Faculty of Evening and Distance Education – вечерне-заочный факультет

6.The Faculty of Natural Sciences and Humanities – факультет естественнонаучного и гуманитарного образования

7.The Faculty of Technical Secondary Education (College) – среднетехнический факультет (колледж)

8.The Faculty of Contract Education – внебюджетный факультет

9.The Faculty of Special Purpose Contract Education – факультет целевой контрактной подготовки специалистов

2.16 Read the text, sum up the main facts and do the exercises given after the text.

History of the university

The history of St. Petersburg State Marine Technical University goes back to 1902 when a special department for professional education in naval architecture was established in St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. The first twenty seven graduates of this department received the degree of naval engineers and were trained to “construct any ships and ship machines”.

In 1930 the Shipbuilding Faculty of the Polytechnic Institute gave birth to the Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute which became the leading educational institution of marine engineering and ocean technology in the country. In 1992 it was renamed the Marine Technical University (MTU).

At present the MTU offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes leading to degrees of a specialist, Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, candidate and doctoral degrees, equivalents to Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Science.

Within the MTU there are many faculties. The main are as follows: the Faculty of Shipbuilding and Ocean Technology, the Faculty of Marine Engineering and Automation, the Faculty of Designing Marine Devices, the Faculty of Economics.

2.17.What new things have you learned from the text? What faculty did you enter? Why? Talking about your choice, use the expressions:

I like the sea; I would like to build ships; this University is not far from my home; I am good at maths; I would like to go into research (industry, business, teaching); I will have fundamental knowledge of many sciences.

2.18 Read about the faculties. Translate the text about your faculty.

For nearly a century the Faculty of Shipbuilding and Ocean Technology has been one of the leading centres of ship research and design and it is widely recognized for its contribution to such areas as ship design, structural mechanics, applied mathematics, hydromechanics and naval architecture. Students can also take programs concerning all phases of discovering, producing and delivering offshore oil and gas resources. Much attention is also paid to new technologies making the exploration of the ocean economically attractive and environmentally friendly. The dominating area of research concerns the development of mathematical modelling and computer simulation of all types of waterborne vehicles.

Notes: structural mechanics – строительная механика

applied mathematics –прикладная математика

naval architecture – кораблестроение, теория кораблестроения

environmentally friendly – экологичный

computer simulation – компьютерное моделирование

waterborne vehicle – плавучее транспортное средство

The Faculty of Marine Engineering and Automation trains mechanical engineers covering the spheres of research, design, manufacturing and assembly of marine power installations, i.e. ship engines of all types. At the faculty fundamental subjects comprise mathematics, physics, mechanics, materials science, computer science with further emphasis on thermodynamics, heat transfer, electronics, electrical circuits, etc. These subjects along with the humanities are an integral part of any program at the faculty.

Notes: assembly n. – сборка

marine power installation n. – судовая силовая установка

i.e. – that is – то есть

electrical circuit – электрическая цепь

heat transfer – теплопередача

along with – наряду с

The Faculty of Designing Marine Devices was organized in 1945. Most of the educational programs are designed to train students for developing and operating modern naval systems, including navigation and control. The students are taught to design, control and operate underwater robots with some elements of artificial intelligence. The following programs are provided: underwater technology control systems, marine electronics and hydrophysics, computer systems and networks.

Note: artificial intelligence – искусственный интеллект

The Faculty of Economics was established in 1939. It was originally intended for training professionals in the sphere of financial activities at shipbuilding enterprises. Now the graduates of the faculty have a great range of career opportunities – from an accountant to the head of an enterprise. The faculty offers the courses of Principles of Macroeconomics and Microeconomics, Theory of Economic Development, Marketing, International Business.

Grammar: the Participle Present Participle
	Active	Passive
Simple	building	being built
Perfect	having built	having been built