- •070209 "Режиссура театрализованных постановок и праздников",
- •071301 "Народное художественное творчество"
- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Defining London
- •Geography and climate
- •Districts
- •Annotations
- •Comprehension Check Exercises
- •V. Do you remember?
- •Annotations
- •Comprehension Check Exercises
- •7. London's first … put small countryside towns within easy reach of the city.
- •8. Between 1855 and 1889, the Metropolitan Board of Works oversaw infrastructure … .
- •9. The Blitz and other bombing by the German Luftwaffe during World War II … large tracts of housing and other buildings across London.
- •10. Integration of the new immigrants was not always … .
- •5. Architectural unity has become part of London's character.
- •V. Do you remember?
- •The City
- •Annotations
- •Comprehension Check Exercises
- •3. The present system is widely seen as undemocratic.
- •V. Do you remember?
- •West End of London
- •Location
- •Activities
- •Districts in the West End
- •Famous streets in the West End
- •2. The West End was long favoured by the poor as a place of residence.
- •V. Do you remember?
- •East End of London
- •Annotations
- •Comprehension Check Exercises
- •2. The term East End was first applied to the districts immediately to the … of the medieval walled City of London.
- •3. A shabby man from Paddington, St Marylebone or Battersea might pass muster as … .
- •4. Throughout history the area has absorbed waves of immigrants.
- •V. Do you remember?
- •Architecture in London
- •Built environment
- •Annotations
- •Comprehension Check Exercises
- •I. Fill in the blank with the correct word:
- •V. Do you remember?
- •3. What is One Canada Square? The British Museum
- •Annotations
- •Gallery
- •Other monuments to Nelson
- •Nelson's Four Victories
- •Lloyd's building
- •Annotations
- •Trafalgar Square
- •Overview
- •The fourth plinth
- •Pigeons
- •Redevelopment
- •Politics and Economy
- •Annotations
- •St Paul's Cathedral
- •The previous cathedrals Pre-Norman
- •'Old St Paul's'
- •Wren's St Paul's Design and construction
- •[Edit] Description
- •[Edit] Post-Wren history
- •[Edit] Memorials
- •[Edit] Modern-day
- •[Edit] In popular culture
- •Annotations
- •Coronations
- •Burials and Memorials
- •[Edit] North Transept
- •[Edit] South Transept
- •[Edit] Cloisters
- •[Edit] North Choir Aisle
- •[Edit] Chapel of St Paul
- •[Edit] Commemorated
- •Education
- •Annotations
- •Annotations
- •Annotations Comprehension Check Exercises
- •I. Fill in the blank with the correct word:
- •V. Do you remember?
- •Inspiration
[Edit] North Transept
William Ewart Gladstone
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham
William Pitt the Younger
[Edit] South Transept
The North entrance of Westminster Abbey
Poets' Corner
Robert Adam
Robert Browning
William Camden
Thomas Campbell
Geoffrey Chaucer
William Congreve
Abraham Cowley
William Davenant
Charles Dickens
John Dryden
Adam Fox
David Garrick
John Gay
George Frederick Handel
Thomas Hardy
Dr Samuel Johnson
Rudyard Kipling
Thomas Macaulay
John Masefield
Laurence Olivier, Baron Olivier
Thomas Parr
Dante Rossetti
Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Edmund Spenser
Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson
[Edit] Cloisters
Aphra Behn
Percy Dearmer
General John Burgoyne
[Edit] North Choir Aisle
Henry Purcell
Ralph Vaughan Williams
[Edit] Chapel of St Paul
Sir Rowland Hill
[Edit] Commemorated
Christian martyrs from across the world are depicted in statues above the Great West Door
William Shakespeare, buried at Stratford-upon-Avon
Sir Winston Churchill, buried at Bladon, Oxfordshire
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, buried at Hughenden Manor, Buckinghamshire
Adam Lindsay Gordon, buried in Australia
Lord Baden-Powell, buried in Nyeri, Kenya
Paul Dirac, buried in Florida
Oscar Wilde (in a stained glass window unveiled in 1995), buried in Paris [1]
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, buried at Cambridge, Massachusetts
General James Wolfe
Ten 20th-century Christian martyrs from across the world are depicted in statues above the Great West Door. Unveiled in 1998 by Her Majesty The Queen, these are, from left to right:
St. Maximilian Kolbe
Manche Masemola
Janani Luwum
Grand Duchess Elizabeth of Russia
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Óscar Romero
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Esther John
Lucian Tapiedi
Wang Zhiming
Transport
Transport is one of the four areas of policy administered by the Mayor of London, but the mayor's financial control is limited. The public transport network, administered by Transport for London (TfL), is one of the most extensive in the world, but faces congestion and reliability issues, which a large investment programme is attempting to address, including £7 billion (€10 billion) of improvements planned for the Olympics.
The centrepiece of the public transport network is the London Underground, the oldest metro system in the world, dating from 1863. The Metro system was home to the world's first underground electric line, the City & South London Railway, which began service in 1890. Nearly 1 billion journeys are made each year on the London Underground system. The Underground serves the central area and most suburbs to the north of the Thames, whilst those to the south are served by an extensive suburban rail network. Commuter and intercity railways generally do not cross the city, instead running into fourteen terminal stations scattered around its historic centre. The London bus network caters for most local journeys and carries even more passengers than the Underground.
Although the vast majority of journeys involving central London are made by public transport, travel in outer London is car-dominated. The inner ring road (around the city centre), the North and South Circular roads (in the suburbs) and an orbital motorway (the M25, outside the built-up area) circuit the city and are intersected by a number of busy radial routes — but very few motorways penetrate into inner London. A plan for a comprehensive network of motorways throughout the city (the Ringways Plan) was prepared in the 1960s but was mostly cancelled in the early 1970s due to vociferous objections from the population and the huge costs. In 2003, the congestion charge was introduced to reduce traffic volumes in the city centre. With a few exceptions, motorists are required to pay £8 per day to drive within a defined zone encompassing much of central London. Motorists who are residents in the defined zone can also buy a season pass which is renewed monthly.
London is an international transport hub, with five sizeable airports and a cross-channel rail service. Heathrow is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic; such traffic is also handled at Gatwick, whilst Stansted and Luton cater mostly for low-cost short-haul flights. London City, the smallest and most central airport, is focused on business travellers. Eurostar trains link London Waterloo station with Lille and Paris in France, and Brussels in Belgium.
On a small note, Biggin Hill is counted as London's sixth airport. However, this is not an international airport and handles mainly chartered aircraft.