- •U n I t 2
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •2. Read the following words. Mind the difference in pronunciation.
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •II. Give the corresponding nouns to the following verbs:
- •VII. Give the characteristic of Ukraine’s economy today
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •2. Name the word-building elements (suffixes, prefixes) and
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •II. Substitute the words in bold type by their synonyms:
- •III. Complete the following sentences:
- •IV. Say whether these statements are true or false and if they are
- •V. Match each term in Column a with its definition in Column b:
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •VIII. Match each branch of industry with its production:
- •IX. Give the characteristic of Ukraine’s industry using
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Define the parts of speech of the following words:
- •II. Give the Ukrainian equivalents for the following words and
- •V. Memorize the meanings of the word «agriculture» and its derivatives. Translate the sentences paying attention
- •VI. Complete the following sentences:
- •Communicative situations
- •Grammar exercises The Present Indefinite Tense
- •I. Put the following sentences into the singular:
- •IV. Use always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely and never
- •XIII. Replace the Infinitives in brackets by the Present Indefinite.
- •The Pronoun: Personal and Possessive
- •XIV. Choose the correct pronouns in italics:
- •XVI. Choose the correct pronouns in italics:
- •XVII. Paraphrase the following sentences:
- •XVIII. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •Exercises for individual work
- •I. Insert the auxiliary verbs:
- •II. Ask questions indicated in brackets:
- •III. Translate the pronouns in brackets into English:
- •IV. Replace the italicized nouns by the personal pronouns:
- •V. Insert possessive pronouns:
VII. Give the characteristic of Ukraine’s economy today
using the following words and word-combinations:
to declare the formation of the Independent Ukrainian State; aggregate national economic system; nation-wide referendum; co-operated links; applied technologies; to predetermine; inherited dependence; united management; gross domestic product; closed productive cycle; emergence of political and economic borders; national monetary-credit and financial systems; traditional economic links; economic development; rates of decrease of production are slown down; power carriers; the way out of the crisis; to reorganize the economy; to carry out privatization; to restore stimuli to a highly effective work.
Reading drills
1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
a) stress the first syllable:
namely, market, complicate, quickly, favourable, natural, term, structure, structural, balance, payment, gradual, solve, period, legislative, regulate, basis, cost, trade, budget, practice, change, price, energy, food, communal, service;
b) stress the second syllable:
assertion, prerequisite, accomplishment, considerable, potential, develop, explain, condition, convenient, position, exchange, reform, attainment, account, create, creation, attraction, investment, succeed, conduct, taxation, essentially;
c) stress the third syllable:
transformation, proclamation, integration, independence, international, geographical, correspond;
d) stress the fourth syllable:
interrelate, characteristic.
Text B
Two interrelated processes are characteristic of Ukraine’s economy today, namely its assertion1 as that of an independent state, and its transformation from planned-centralized to market-controlled. These processes are rather complicated, but there are all prerequisites2 for their effective accomplishment.
Present-day independent Ukraine has a considerable potential to quickly develop its economy — and this is explained not only by the favourable natural conditions, but also by the convenient geographical position in terms of3 international trade exchanges.
Reforms, started in the national economy after the proclamation of independence, are aimed at the establishment of an open, effective market type economy.
The main directions of the programme of economic reforms are as follows:
1. The programme of structural reorganization.
2. Attainment of balanced payments account.
3. Creation of conditions for gradual integration of Ukraine with the world economy.
These and other problems must be solved at the cost of a wide attraction of foreign investments. In a short period of time the Verkhovna Rada and government of Ukraine have succeeded in creation a legislative and regulating basis for conducting economic reforms. Taxation and budget systems4 corresponding in their structure to the world practice are created essentially anew. The change over to a free price formation in the economy is carried out. The government regulation of price level is applied only in establishing prices for main energy carriers, some most important food, communal and transportation services.
Much attention is given to the change of the structure of property. Legislative basis is created for privatization of state-owned enterprises5, implementation of reforms of the banking and financial systems.