FdJF<?=>;( d(aJFd?//` – , J H ,K H, T F , K G , , .
F<_F+/JF\F<" \J:<" +^\^X;Fj XJFXFa:@?j K H H ’ K G ,, AS H, K , G R.
F<_F+/JF\F<:b X(J?FZ – , T H G, K, T .
FZ";" <"J/?+/> – K R R , T .
F+\F;"=" \F;\^J(;@?` – , : 1) G GG ; 2)H . K H K F G .
F[?Z – , , F F K G, T G( J ).
612
.
F[?Z <?Z _J";:);F_F XJFZ^\/^ H G JK J J . ; J , J.
F[FZ: <?Z aJF+/";;` <"J/F+/? "\/:<?< –, , J . ; J ( ) H R K R KR .
^FXF=?` – , H G ( ).
\F;F](/J:\" – G , T H , T R R G ’ .
\F;F]?\" ZFdJFd^/^ – J ,K , T H “ G ” “ G ”.
\F;F]?\" XJFXFa:@?j – , T H, R G RJ J .
\F;F]?);" J(;/" – , TT R G G ,.
\F;F]?);" +:+/(]" – J , G H, T J.
\F;F]?);( d="_F – , T K ,R G. H , J ,.
\F;F]?);( aJF+/";;` – GF. ( J RH G T GF G /) .
\F;F]?);? "_(;/: – , T H G , J H F ( , H , K J , ).
\F;F]?);? XF/J(d: – K , K G F K .
'
613
\+XFJ/ – , T R G J R G F J. / R H R ( , F ) ().
\+/(;+:<;( ad?=>k(;;` \"X?/"=^ – GF G , T RH ; F KR R F H G .
="+/:);?+/> – , F H G J , T R H F .
;ZF_(;;( aJF+/";;` – F G,G F , K R R .
;ZF_(;;? ? (\aF_(;;? a]?;;? – RR G; , , R G , T R, R G.
m(\/ ZF[FZ^ – H, T K H T HG J K . ; J RH T.
m(\/ a"]?o(;;` <;"+=?ZF\ a]?;: @?;: – K K GF , J H; , K G F H G , JH. ( T G.
m(\/ ]"+k/"d^ – GF F
, T HJ .
m(\/ XJFXFa:@?j _JFk(b – ’ , , R G R F J, RHF K H .
m(\/:<;:b <"=f/;:b \^J+ – , T H G K
G R T G.
m(\/:<;?+/> – G ,H G K J G.
m(\/:<;?+/> J:;\^ – G, R K R G R R , T K .
614
.
s
s<JFX(b+>\" <"=f/;" +:+/(]" – K ,1979 . i J G : G R.
s<JFX(b+>\( (dJ:/";+>\() ):+=(;;` – R : H J G H G G G F G, T R R ; G H G GF G, T G G R.
" ?;k:[ FZ;"\F<:[ ^]F< – 1) H, T J , J K H G , RH G , F F R G .
"_"=>;" J?<;F<"_" – K ,H , TR G .
"_"=>;:b (\<?<"=(;/ – , RR G F . "\F; J(k(]" – K J & XVI .,
J R K : “ F F R G T ”. ? F H J F J , J G F J R G – , , TR G , RR G . / , T F K R K H F R, R G F.
"\F; Fd](g(;F+/? J(+^J+?< – GF G J, R G , R G J G (). K , G G K KG ( ) R , F .
"\F; ^\(;" – G, T G J /) H G 2 % T J , GF H G 1 %. , T /) 100 % J K H G 98 %, H 1 %, , 6 %7 %.
'
615
"\F; (` – , D. . : H G, TG J J . " : J : , T G K G RH , TK . "K. %. ' J J, T K J J ’ ( G G K ’ RH ).
"\F; +X"Z;F_F XFX:/^ – J G, TK H G , K R G GF GF .
"\F; +X"Z;Fj <?ZZ")? – , J G, T JGFF H G , F F R G .
"\F; +X"Z;Fj _J";:);Fj \FJ:+;F+/? – , J G, TK H G GF , J G H.
"\F;;:b X="/?g;:b a"+?d – F , J G K F . / GF H K ,H .
"\F;;:b X="/?g;:b a"+?d – F , T J R G K .
"]?;;:\: – , T R G , H .
"Fo"Zg(;;` – KJ K . ,
K H G .
"X"+ – , T R G
J J G .
"[FZ: +/"d?=?a"@?b;Fj XF=?/:\: – , T, .
d"=";+F<";( aJF+/";;` H , K F F R G
, , F . d"=";+F<";:b dfZg(/ – R K ,
RH K G ( R R G- K).
616
.
<:)"b;" "\@?` – J , T G RH. & H G G, R G . : , T , H G G R R; R G J K J.
<FJF/;" XF\^X\" – , R -K H J , R K R R .
(]=` – J J J G ( R). ; J R H R, H G G G G , K.
](;k(;;` dFJ_^ – FK .
]?;" XFX:/^ ? a]?;" <(=:):;: XFX:/^ – G, T G , G-,, H R . ) HT .
]?;" XJFXFa:@?j ? a]?;" <(=:):;: XJFXFa:@?j – G H R K, .
]?;;" <(=:):;" – , K . / K R R G , , . .
]?;;" m?\+"@?` \^J+^ <"=f/: – R R, T H K G RK K K ( K , 0,25 % K ).
]?k";" (\F;F]?\" –
,
W H G
’
.
J
H
K
, T .
;(@?;(;;` (<"=f/;:b \^J+) – K R , T. / H, T GF G G R , T R R .
;(@?;(;;` <"=f/: – R RH G ,R F H. ) , T R J
'
617
H 6 4 H , RH G . K RR H , H , R H.
;Fk(;;` (\"X?/"=^) – K G F .
F<;?k;? XFd?);? (m(\/: – G G, T H FR G G. FR G, RR G G .
F=F/:b +/";Z"J/ – F , G RR G . " F J G R ( J ). =F : 1) ,F F J ; 2) J K F, , G; 3) G H G R ( H R F ); 4) G J H F . F J JJ : ( , , -K ) , F –. ) G R GG , , & – 1 700 . J G F :@&. / ) G R ,R , . / 30XX J JF .
J?<;f<";;` XFZ"/\?< – T , T R G R K , G .
JF+/";;` \"X?/"=FFadJFl;F+/? – , G JH F F , K . ; H, T F / H.
JF+/";;` XJFZ^\/:<;F+/? – GFJ . ) , T 2007 . – 100 2008 . – 101,7 %, G 1,7 %.
618
.
]XFJ/ – , T F .
;<(+/:@?j – . /-RR G G , R R F F ; R G R .
;Z(\+ +XFg:<):[ @?; – J F JK . " J J HF K J ( , ).
;Z(\+ @?; – , T H GJ .
;Z(\+"@?` –F , R G H G, T GJ .
;Z:<?Z^"=>;" <="+;?+/> – H , T H RH G .
;(J@?b;" ?;m=`@?` – , T RH G. J H G R R G .
;;F<"@?` – , RH G "K. @ , J F J . # H: 1) K; 2) ; 3).
;Fa(];" <"=f/" – F F , T R G K G J F G F J .
;/(J<(;@?j ;" <"=f/;:[ J:;\"[ – K R G R , T J RH G R F-R R.
;/(J<(;@?` – G G K H R, T J H R .
;m=`@?b;:b XFZ"/F\ – G K , H . # K H G G G , K , K F T , F R G J G ’ G.
'
619
;m=`@?` – G G , J RH G K (#:;). # R R G : 1) ; 2) R ; 3) R.H , G J G H 10 % ; R – 20 – 100 %, 200 % G GF ; – 1000 %, GJ , GF .
;m=`@?` <:/J"/ (XJFXFa:@?j) – , H. , J , K H G TAS. , R R R G HR .
;m=`@?` XFX:/^ – J , T R , J T H R.
;m=`@?`, oF a^]F<=(;" a"JX="/Ff – T J G .
;mFJ]"@?b;" "+:](/J?` – , H F R, K F ( F ) J .
]F<?J;?+/> – ’H K . 0 ( G) H, T K , 1 ( ) – T .J G, T , RH 1 / 2 GF .
"X?/"= – , J J F , , , .
"X?/"= (\"X?/"=>;? /F<"J:, \"X?/"=>;( ^+/"/\^<";;`) –H , . ' H G G , R G G J .
"X?/"=, <\="Z(;:b < ?;mJ"+/J^\/^J^ – G ,K G J , , , F. . # R G R.
"X?/"=?a"@?` "\/:<?< – FF ( ) J G , J G .
620
.
"X?/"=?a] –
, J GF
( ) K G . + JK H, R G , T ’ “V ?”, “* ?” “" ?”. / G J J H G J G J , T W H G JJ J , R G .
"X?/"=F<\="Z(;;` (?;<(+/:@?j) – 1) G G,G J G . # G: ) G ; ) K ; ) GF - G J. , RR GJ G. / R- R G . 2) GF –, J.
"X?/"=F]?+/\?+/> – F/) .
"X?/"=>;? J(+^J+: (\"X?/"=>;? d="_") – , R G , F .
"J/(=> – ’H J RK , T J . / R G G F H ,, . . ' HR G .
<F/" – , R K H G( , , T ) . ' H K R .
(b;+?";+/<F – , R KF G GJ . ' J K R G, T JH H , , G RH
,
T
.
(b;+?";+>\" /(FJ?` –
J , J
J "K % J ' J (1883 – 1946 .) J J F J “ G J , F J”. ; G "K. %. ' J H K , T
