! 13.
' G G F J RH 70 . . @ GF J G 3 / .
! G J .
! 14.
+ G F 20 %, F J – 5 %.
* G G J // , T F GF J F R?
! 15.
, T C F : Š = Š1 – 0,6 (u – u*), H 6 %.
/ :
1.) G F G G J /)
R K 6 , T HRH 2,5?
2.! J H G HR.
(]: J(m(J"/?<
1.# : G .
2.) .
3.% R .
4.: G- .
5.’ . ' C .
% T ’ GG K : 5; 6; 10; 21; 22; 26; 27; 32; 40, R G J .
8. ,
"<)"=>;? @?=?
1. H K G K , K T K .
2. ’ R G KJ .
3.! “ K ” “ T K ” ’ , ’ R.
4.’ J G G G K G G T K .
5./ , R G K T K .
6./ J , R G J J.
7./ , R G FJ G J .
+;F<;? /(FJ(/:);? X?Z[FZ:
G J GH . + R , K G H J , G H J .
, K ’
XFg:<";;` H HR R , R G K .
C , D !$ & , H: ; ;G ; , ,G T ; G ;G ; .
+ K R G . , J #. C F K J K , K K , R GK K .HR C F K K G G , J H G , K R GG K , K ’H K G F T K . ' K J J KH HR T , ’. , GF G F K , T K G GF K J G . + ,
’H K G F , |
R G |
K K . |
K T J . |
|
+ F J K C. % G , T H G |
R #. C F , R G |
, T |
R G G K : T K G K R . + J%. C J H G
: |
J |
|
|
. |
: K |
K G J . |
|
|
: , |
|
K G |
|
K , |
H |
". + K |
H G ( ) H .K G . G J H K ,. G H G F KH .
+Fd:+/:b ;"`<;:b ZF[?Z – , F H G G ( ) : J J = // – – J .
"`<;:b ZF[?Z X?ZXJ:l]+/< –, F H G :
" = ' – " = & + ) ,
" – J H ; ' – J J ; " – ; & – ; ) – J .
* T J H , J R, // . J H G K , F – T K . ; H :
DI = Y = C + S,
DI – J ; S – T K ; : – K .
+ J G J , J , T H K , H G J J (YD = Y – + R). # GF H K’H . , K G J K . F K H J :
:= : + %!: (Y – + R),
: – K ; : – K ,
K G , T R G ’H ; %!: – G G K ; Y – ; – ; R – .
H
K . , , T |
K H G , |
H |
a"Fo"Zg(;;`: S = DI – C. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ |
T K G |
R G |
|
|
. |
, |
|
J G J |
T K |
– |
|
, |
T |
F H G K . + T K R G . / F ("K. : ) T K H HR R , ’H F R G J G K R G . + G T K – J , H K : T K K . + T K G ’H , T K ,K J G (%. & c H ), ’H .
F T K G H J : S = – : + MPS (Y – + R),
S – T K ; : – K ; MPS – G G T K ; Y – ; – ; R – .
K , K T K K GJ J . K G K T K K( . 8.1 8.2).
: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T K |
|
|
:2 |
|
|
: |
|
:1 |
|
:3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45° |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
DI1 |
DI2 |
DI3 |
DI |
! 8.1. : K
) . 8.1 K G K . ) G – K , G, T G H G F K . & K J F , G GF J . ; K H :. * T :3 < DI3, R G T K , T :1 > DI1, G , T K J RH G ( T K ).
S
S
S3
S2
DI1
S1
! . 8.2 RH . 8.1 J , J HK G T K G . T K S2 H K :2 , :2 = D#2, S = 0. T K S1 H K :1 , C1 > D#1, S1 < 0, T K S3 H K :3 , :3 < D#3, S3 > 0.
/ R K K T KJ RH G R H G K (:) T K (S). + R G H G G K T K , R G :
+ R G H G K T K , R G :
: K G: HG G K RH , MPC + MPS = 1. ; , T G- K H G K R R T K G, .
' , K T K R G F . " K : , , , K G, . : K ,K G , RH G F , R G (: ).K K T H G J . ; H R K :
C = : + MPC · DI.
K K R: fC = f: + MPC · fDI.
+ R GR GF K .
;<(+/:@?j – J F . / K G- G ’H . * , J R G R, R J J
. + J K , T J K, , T R G J. / R G J:( F , ); -G ( , ); K .
J K G :; G ; G ;; ;; ; , F .
F J H K GK G :
#= # – d · R + ¦ · Y,
# – J; # – , T K G
G R G F (- , . .); d – HJ ; R – G
; ¦ |
– |
G G |
; |
Y – J . |
|
|
|
G R G |
|
’H , |
GF R G |
|
, J |
R G GF . , KH J ’ .
? G G –G- :
¦= šI / šY.
+J J J H G.
% J J H J , J R G . / R R J G H . , J F J
, ’ R |
|
J F . |
K |
R R: |
|
NP = (Ii – I · r) · (1 – t), |
|
NP – J J ; # – , J H GJ ; r – G , RH G K G R R R ( ) R HR (Š) R: r = – Š; I · r – J F ; t – ; (Ii – I · r) – J.
H F , NP > 0. , T J J , GF J J J . ; H, TJ J R G , K G J .
: J J GF H. G J H GK J ( G ).
?Z+F/\F<" +/"<\" – |
( G) J. |
F H G G K J |
. ; |
H G G |
J |
, T F H . , T |
|
, |
F |
G G J |
|
H |
K J J J , . K , K
’H .
' J J JR G F . : K :J ; G ;( ), R ; G ; .
# , R G F (), H , , T R G , – J. +J J T R GJ J . HJ :
I = # – b · r,
# – ; b – H JG ; r – G .
/ H G F G RR G. * T , , r = 12 %, rn – 1 = 10 %, .
: R G J R, KJ R:
/ |
|
šI = # – b · šr. |
|
|
|
K |
R G , K G // : |
|
|
|
Y = AE = C + I. |
|
|
G |
J K H K |
HR |
(AD = AS), |
J |
|
|
|
(C + I = AD), // – |
J |
(Y = AS). & |
K |
// |
|
|
H J ’ .
: K RH G K , J
T J |
|
RH |
, |
// : |
šC = MPC · šY. # |
// |
|
K G |
. |
/ , |
|
|
K G |
, |
;"a:<"f/>+` "</F;F];:]: ( ). + J
, J, T G |
K (: ). |
+ F |
|
G K |
K J |
: |
|
AE = : + I + G + NE.// H G R:
šY = šAE + MPC · šY. ! ’ F , H :
Y 1 AE.
1 MPC
% K 1 / (1 – %!:) H G G . / H, RH G // ( ) GFR:
% G , , GF J R, G MPC < 1. 1 . H GF GF , K 1 .
G GF H // . ;, T F H. & G GF H R . , , GFšAE RH F
šAE. ) |
, GF J , G |
J K R G R K , |
|
K MPC · šAE. |
/ K , GF J
MPC·šAE, R , GF G H K
MPC2·šAE . .
) J R G ,H G
, J |
K |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F H G |
G , G MPC > MPC2 > MPC3 |
. . * T |
F |
|
, J : |
fY = fAE + MPC · fAE + MPC2 · fAE + … + MPCn · fAE. |
|
|
|
G |
// |
G R R: |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Y |
|
AE. |
|
|
|
1 MPC |
|
K , GF . / G H GGF K , GF : fY = fAE + MPC · fY.
G ™e F J :
) G, T G HJ K G K . * T MPC = 0,5, ™e = 2; T MPC = 0,75, ™e = 4 . . K , GF GK , GF J J J . G 1 – MPC = MPS, HK , T G G K G K G G T K G. , GF H G T K , F J H G K. ; H, T GH J K G T K G:
e 1 . MPS
% G , J H F T K G – XJF+/:b ]^=>/:X=?\"/FJ. : J G H G ( T K , , ).