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1./ , T F ?

2.) G ) G J GF R F J, T J G ?

(]: J(m(J"/?<

1.: J J .

2.: , T R G .

3.! .

4./ F F J .

5./ H ’ .

6.+ .

% T ’ GG K : 9; 11; 17; 30; 34; 38; 40; 42, R G J .

5.

"<)"=>;? @?=?

1.+ G F J .

2.’ F .

3./ , T J RR G

F .

4. , F J H K .

+;F<;? /(FJ(/:);? X?Z[FZ:

J:;\F] _JFk(b H G GK G R R, T RH G K – F , “ R”, T ’ H . " “ ” K G ’H , .

JFk? – G J . JFkF<" +:+/(]" – F ,

K J .

JFkF<:b Fd?_ – J F J, R GK , K R G.

=(](;/"]: _JFkF<Fj +:+/(]: H: F ; F ; J ; F J; F ; R J .

<F=f@?` _JFk(b:

1.' – , G R R ’ J G G .

2.– , R G F J ( F K G G R F J ).

3.? – , G G T H G T.

4.– F , T R G KJ K , T

( ) , G, G K G T .

F H. / R G R G F RR G G F (%): – %S = (% / !)S, – MD = (% / !)D. ' , K F H F J,.

? F H G F .K ’H R G RF .

JFkF<? "_J(_"/: – H, H GF . R H G K G( K )

G F R G ) H , T, K R G -F .

“ F J ” G H G T . J ( , ,) K G R G F , R G G J J F J, R G G, R G R G F J. : G G H G , , G K .

, F R G :

1.@ 0 – F G R R ( F , T R G ).

2.@ 1 – ,

.

3.@ 2 – , ,. ; G F .

4. @ 3 – J , T H R G F F , G . / H G G R R, F, , F H.

) K G , F G K R , F R , G R R , R .

? F K G K R ) G . J F H G .

: F R HR H F J , J H G: F ( J J ) – %D1 F ( J ) – %D2.

F H K .J K G G .

H F : %D1 = k · Y,

k – H F , J H, G F G RH G F J F R.

K , F K K G . J G H

. J R G , T G , R G G G.

" F G J G,R G . / H, , G J,F – F J

J. / H G R R F J.

, T , GFF J, F J F GF J – . ; G , T FH J K .G H ’H . ; H R F

R R:

%D2 = – h · n,

h – H F, J H, G F G RH G F J.

, J – G F ,’H . R J , R F

K :

%D = L (Y, n) = k · Y – h · n.

F H G R: f%D = k · fY – h · fn.

: R G F F , K G F( . 5.1).

! . 5.1. % G F

) . 5.1 %D – F . B G H , T TG G ( . ). T

K H F , J K G. G MD H K G F J . / G M1S –

F . MD M1S1 G F K 1.

* T , T ) G J GF F R, G K MS2 .F H G : MS2 > MD. & K H . % :

1.T H F F J, R G J.

2.) F F GF R G , T T H.

3.H K , T H :

/ J o i 100% ,

;

J H R R.H. ) . 5.1F G n2, T GF G F J FK G F J .

d";\?<+>\Fj +:+/(]: (TR), R G

G G K JH G G μd. /H J K H GR:

d 1 , rr

rr ( G ), H G R: rr = (LR + ER) / D. G F ER = 0,RH ’ : rr = lr = 20 %. ; H, T J G RH 5 : (1 / 20)·100.K :

fD = D d , fD = 100 · 5 = 500 .

rr = lr. R T HK GF . GGF H G rr = lr + er, er – F(er = ER / D). + G J GF H G . , T er = 5 %. rr GF G 25 %, J G F G 4 / (1 / 25) · 100.400 . (100 · 4).

GF H F R. ’ K K . * T GH G F () G K J K), F GF H G GF R

– . + GGF R G J R R (fD = D ·μd).F ( F ) F

, G R: fMS = fD · (μd – 1). " T G F ,

H G F G , MS = D. ) F , G , R H K

:

MS = CU + D,

CU – F .

G F H G T F . / K H K G F J, T G J : 1) GF ; 2)F , .

F RH G F J : fMS = fH · μm,

) – F ( F T ). / H G F J G G : H = CU + TR; μm – F J G , J H G R:

cr – H , J K H F

) G J R . R R H G ,K G G : M · V = P · Q.

G R HR, F G F J

(V) H G R, K K .K , RR F (%), KG J // ,