POSIBNIK_1_KURS

2.(you / eat) anythingbefore you went to the theatre? - Had you eaten before you went to the theatre?- Yes, I had. No, I hadn’t.

3.(he / live) in London before he moved to Glasgow? 4.(she / find) a new job by that time?

5.(they / book) a room before they went to Dublin?

6.(how often / you / ring) the bell before he answered the door? 7.(why / they / have) dinner before they came to the party? 8.(Carly / wash) the dishes when her Mum came home?

9.(you / read) the contract before you signed it? 10.(who / live) in the house before we moved in?

Ex.5. Work in pairs. Make up short dialogues. Present one event as prior to another event, moment or situation.

Example: - Fred had cooked dinner by the time his family gathered at home.

-And Fiona?(to polish the floor)

-Fiona had polished the floor by the time her family gathered at home.

-And you?(to bake an onion pie)

-I had baked an onion pie by the time my family gathered at home.

-What had all you done by the time your family gatherd at home?

-We had cooked dinner, baked an onion pie and polished the floor by the time our family gathered at home.

1.The girl had made a new dress for her birthday party. (to buy flowers, to lay the table)

2.She had accompanied the injured girl home before the doctor arrived. (to wash the wound, to bandage the wound)

3.Patricia had watered the flowers before I went into the yard. (to sweep the yard, to trim the bushes)

4.He had changed the wheel on a car before the trip. (pack the suitcase, book the hotel room)

Ex.6. Match two parts of the sentences in the box using the Past Perfect. Remember what was first and what was next. Use time expressions when, by the time, after. There may be several variants.

Model:I had finished my work on the report (first) by the time he returned (next).

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Ex.7. Read an extract about Richard Branson’s career and complete the sentences. Use the Past Perfect.

Sir Richard Branson (born 18 July 1950) is an English business magnate, best known for his Virgin Group of more than 400 companies.

His first business venture was a magazine called Student at the age of 16. In 1970, he set up an audio-record mail-order business. In 1972, he opened a chain of record stores, Virgin Records, later known as Virgin Megastores. Branson’s

Virgin brand grew rapidly during the 1980s, as he set up Virgin Atlantic Airways and expanded the Virgin Records music label.

Branson is the 4th richest citizen of the United Kingdom, according to the Forbes 2011 list of billionaires, with an estimated net worth of US $4.2 billion.

1.Before he set up an audio-record mail-order company, he ________ .

2.Before he opened a chain of record stores, he _______.

3.Before his brand Virgin grew up rapidly, _______.

4.Before he set up Virgin Atlantic Airways, _______.

Ex.8. Open the brackets. Pay attention to the use of the Past Simple and the Past Perfect.

1.He already _______(go) by the time I _______(come) to the party.

2.Mother _______(cook) dinner by the time he______ (come).

3.When I _______(arrive) home, I realized that I _______(lose) the key.

4.The shop _______(close) by the time I _______(get ) there.

5.The scientists _______(carry) out many experiments before they ________

(achieve) satisfactory results.

6. When I _______(arrive), he was staying in the same hotel where we first

_______(meet).

7.By the end of the last year he _______ (finish) research.

8.He told me that he _______(not see) much of her since she ______(move ) to another town.

9.When I _______(enter), he already _______(come) and was sitting near the fireplace looking through a newspaper.

10.She said that they _______(meet) in 1996 for the first time.

Ex.9. Make up sentences according to the pattern.

Hardly had he come when it started raining hard.=He had hardly come when it started raining hard.

No sooner they had received the task than the meeting was over. = They had no sooner received the task than the meeting was over.

1.She (to open) the drawer, she (to find) the photo which she thought she had lost long ago.

2.He (to touch) the pillow, he (to fall asleep).

3.They (to meet) each other, they (to make) good friends.

4.We (to arrive) at the station, the train (to leave).

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5.Sara (to hear) his voice, she (to understand) what had happened.

6.Gemma (to slip) the letter into her pocket, Martini (to enter) the room.

7.Gemma (to read) the letter, she (to understand) she (to lose) Arthur forever.

8.The passenger (to find) the compartment, he (to unpack) his suitcase.

9.The plane (to take off), the steward (to start) safety training.

10.The thief (to steal) the picture, the police (to catch) him.

Ex.10. Using the words in brackets, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.

I can't believe I _______ (get) that apartment. I _______ (submit) my application last week, but I didn't think I had a chance of actually getting it. When I _______ (show) up to take a look around, there were at least twenty other people who _______ (arrive) before me. Most of them _______ (fill, already) out their applications and were already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did.

I _______ (try) to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They _______ (want) me to include references, but I didn't want to list my previous landlord because I _______ (have) some problems with him in the past and I knew he wouldn't recommend me. I _______ (end) up listing my father as a reference.

It was total luck that he _______ (decide) to give me the apartment. It turns out that the landlord and my father _______ (go) to high school together. He decided that I could have the apartment before he _______ (look) at my credit report. I really lucked out!

Ex. 11. Correct the mistakes if there are any.

1.He had hardly come when the lecture had begun.

2.Mummy cooked an exclusive cake before the wedding.

3.Marion had booked a hotel room, bought the tickets and started packing her suitcase.

4.They had make a phone call by the time the manager came.

5.Mr. Johnson retired and went to live in a village.

6.I was very happy as I passed my driving test rather successfully.

7.The Dean finished speaking and had made a few practical suggestions.

8.My group mates have finished the report on the subject when the bell rang.

9.When the director had entered the office, the secretary just finished typing the contract.

10.I asked her twice before she had told me her name.

Ex. 12. Translate into English.

1.Не встиг я вийти з офісу, як пішов дощ.

2.Мері увійшла в кабінет, як раптом згадала, що забула ключі від сейфу вдома.

3.Він хвалився, що зустрічався з цією кінозіркою під час фестивалю.

4.Тед почувався втомленим. Вчора вночі він закінчив писати реферат.

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5.До того, як Тео переїхав в будинок в передмісті, він жив в маленькій квартирі в центрі міста.

6.Як тільки ми закінчили переговори, як делегація поїхала в аеропорт.

7.Я знала його. Ми жили в дитинстві на одній вулиці.

8.Гаррі запізнився. Лекція вже почалась.

9.Ми отримали листа від батьків про те, що вони вже переїхали.

10.На жаль, коли ми прибули на станцію, було вже пізно.Потяг вже пішов.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Ex.13. Read the sentences and define the tense forms. Translate them into Ukrainian.

1.We had been sleeping for 12 hours when he woke us up.

2.They had been waiting at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived.

3.We had been looking for her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom.

4.I had not been walking for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain.

5.How long had she been learning English before she went to London?

6.Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he had been singing in the rain too long.

7.He had been driving less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.

8.They were very tired in the evening because they had been helping on the farm all day.

9.I had not been working all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night.

10.They had been cycling all day so their legs were sore in the evening.

Ex. 14. Complete the sentences, putting the verbs in brackets into the Past Perfect Continuous.

1.The room was empty, but the television was still on. Someone_____(watch) it.

2.They _______(wait) long before the taxi arrived.

3.We_______ (try) to open the door for five minutes when Jane found her key.

4.It ________(rain) hard for several hours and the streets were very wet.

5.Her friends had been _____(think) of calling the police when she walked in.

6.They_____ (wait) at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived.

7.Не looked very tired when I came to his place for he______(prepare) for his exams for several days.

8.They ______________ (shout) for a few hours before their parents arrived.

9.John was in a detention because he_______(misbehave).

10.I had to go on a diet because I ________(eat) too much sugar.

11.Jessica got sunburnt because she had been _____(lie) in the sun too long.

12.The boys ________(quarrel) for half an hour when we arrived home.

13.I ______(date) Angelina for 3 years before we got married.

Ex.15. Ask questions using the questioning words in brackets.

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1.They had been working on this project for 5 years before they finished it. (How long?)

2.My Mum had been working for this company for 15 years before she retired. (Who?)

3.I had been thinking of moving since September and then I got a promotion. (Since when?)

4.My friend had been trying hard to improve the situation but eventually she failed. (What?)

5.By seven o'clock last night she had already been typing for ten hours, so I told her to rest for a while. (By what time?)

Ex.16.In pairs, ask and answer questions.

1. They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived. – Had they been writing the report before Tony arrived? –No, they hadn’t. They had been talking. How long had they been talking? – They had been talking for over an hour.

1.She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.

2.You had been waiting to get on the bus for 40 minutes.

3.Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.

4.James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he leftfor Asia.

5.Jason was tired because he had been writing the course paper.

6.Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.

7.Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending classes.

8.He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.

Ex.17. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box using the Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

consider, drive, quarrel, practice, work, burn, hope, rain, write, try

1.He _______the car for many hours before he came to the crossroads.

2.The pianist _______ the passage hour after hour till he mastered it.

3.When I met her, her eyes were red. She and Mike _______ .

4.When I came, they ______ this question for more than an hour.

5.It was evening and he was tired because he _______ since dawn.

6.He ______ to get her on the phone for 15 minutes before he heard her voice.

7.By 12 o’clock they _______ a composition for hours.

8.The fire _______ for some time before a fire brigade came.

9.I ______ to meet her for ages when I bumped into her by chance.

10.When I left home, it was raining, and as it _______ since morning, the streets were muddy.

Ex.18. Complete the sentences with the Past Perfect Continuous to explain the reason.

Example: Mary got burnt. (Lie in the sun)- Mary got burnt because she had been lying in the sun.

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1.Mum looked upset. (Read and cry over a sad story.)

2.Tom ran out of fuel. (Drive for 8 hours.)

3.Bob’s trainers were dirty. (Play football all afternoon.)

4.They looked angry. (Discuss the problem with the board of directors.)

5.Fiona was exhausted. (Pack her suitcase.)

6.Melanie’s eyes were red. (Work at the computer all day long.)

7.She looked stunning. (Go shopping at the weekend.)

8.They were sad to move the house. ( Live at the same place for 20 years.)

9.At last they put up the tent. (Walk in the forest for 3 hours.)

10.Tom and Anna got married. ( Date for three years.)

11.He was happy. He got a position at TNT. (Look for a job as an IT manager.)

Ex.19.Correct the mistakes if there are any.

1. I was tired. I have been writing the composition the whole evening.

2.They were been travelling for a week when they reached the point of destination. 3.We were exhausted. We had been sightseeing in the town all day long.

4.He passed his English exam easily. He had been studying very hard before.

5.Katherine and Josh looked very angry. They had argued since morning..

6.Tracy had been preparing for the presentation until she met a deadline.

7.The kitchen smelled of vanilla. Mum was preparing for the big event for 5 hours.

8.They trained hard for the whole year. It was their big success.

9.Dave was happy. He and Maria had been doing their best until they won the contest.

10.I wasn’t surprised Pete had failed his exam. He wasn’t working hard during the semester.

Ex.20. TranslateintoEnglish.

1.Вона жила в Києві вже два роки , але так і не знала свій район.

2.Вона сказала, що вона вчила англійську з дитинства.

3.Коли я приїхала у відпустку на море, мої друзі були там уже два тижні.

4.У Люсі очі були червоні. Вона плакала весь ранок.

5.Джесіка та Джері будували будинок вже рік, коли розпочалась економічна криза.

6.Майкл був надто втомлений. Збори тривали з ранку.

7.Наша секретарка друкувала папери вже пів години, коли прийшов шеф і сказав, що вже не потрібно.

8.Сніг йшов всю ніч. Вранці всі будинки були вкриті снігом.

9.Вона промокла наскрізь. Всю дорогу до станції вона йшла без парасольки. 10.Анастасія була найкраща репортерка. Вона працювала в нашій газеті з самого початку.

Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous?

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Ex.21. Complete the situations as in the example. Present events as prior to other events or situations. Use them in a broader context to justify your choice of the verb forms.

Example: Dexter was studying economics when I met him. (for 4 years) – Dexter had been studying economics for 4 years when I met him. He was glad to work as an accountant.

1.Sophie was working as a lecturer when I joined the staff. (for 10 years)

2.Margaret was wandering from room to room when I returned. (for a long time)

3.He was working in a fast food restaurant when he found another job. (for half a year)

4.The artist was sitting in the gallery when Maria found him at last. (for 5 hours)

5.George was working as a reporter when I first met him. (since 2002)

Past Simple, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous?

Ex.22. Replace the infinitives by the Past Perfect, the Past Perfect Continuous or the Past Simple as required.

1.He told me he _______ (not to see) much of her since he _______ (to move) to another place.

2.When I _______ (to arrive) he _______ (to stay) at the same hotel where we first _______ (to meet). He _______ (to tell) me he _______ (to wait) for me for some time already.

3.He _______ (to consult) his watch nervously several times before he _______

(to see) her at the end of the platform.

4.He _______ (to write) and _______ (to tear) up more than one letter when at last he _______ (to find) the necessary form of address.

5.At the end of the week the fishermen _______ (to think) they _______ (to sail) long enough to reach the shore, and as there _______ (to be) no land in sight, they _______ (to understand) that they _______ (to lose) their course and

_______ (to follow) the wrong route.

6.It _______ (not to rain) for more than two months, and the fruits _______ (to fall) before they _______ (to become) ripe, when one August night the people

_______ (to be roused) by the sound of heavy drops beating against the roofs and window-panes. With the rain there _______ (to come) hope.

Ex.23. Choose the verb in the box and complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb. (Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous or Past Simple)

understand, call, have, receive, slip, refuse, miss, finish, lose, enter, be ready

1.I ______ to give a definite answer before I ______ a letter from him.

2.We ______ to stay at the station for the night because we _____ the last train.

3.When Emma _____ reading the letter she _____ that she _____Arthur forever.

4.She hardly _____ the letter into her pocket when Martini _______ the room.

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5. Their friends ______ them before they ______ .

carry, drop, bring, drive, achieve, keep, come, practice, expect, master

6.They _______ the car for many hours before they _______ to the crossroad.

7.The scientists ______ out a dozen experiments before they _____satisfactory results.

8.The pianist ______ the passage hour after hour until he ______ it.

9.My watch ______ good time before I _______ it.

10.At last the postman ______ a letter which I _______ several weeks.

Ex.24. Open the brackets and use the proper tense (Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous).

1.When he ______ (arrive), I ______ (live) in London for a week.

2.We ______ (read) while he ______ (eat).

3.When Jack ______ (phone) me, I ______ (write) a letter.

4.When my friend ______ (come), I ______ (do) an exercise for an hour.

5.The library ______ (close) by the time I ______ (get) there .

6.I ______ (drive) home when I ______ (hear) the news on the radio.

7.They always ______ (have) loud parties which ______ (go on ) till the early hours.

8.We ______ (walk) for some hours before we ______ (realize) that we ______

(lose) our way.

9.No sooner I ______ (complain) that I ______ (not hear) from them for a long time than the letter ______ (come).

10.The concert was a great success. When the pianist ______ (finish) his part, the audience ______ (applaud) the orchestra for some minutes.

11.It was the poorest room he ever ______ (see).

12.No sooner she ______ (come) to the station than a fast train from Glasgow______ (arrive).

13.I ______ (drive) home when I ______ (hear) the news on the radio.

14.I ______ (finish) my work by afternoon and ______ (sit) quietly in my study thinking of the days that ______ (pass) by.

15.The storm already ______ (die) away , but very far off the thunder still ______

(mutter).

Ex.25. Correct the mistakes if there are any.

1.I already had gone to bed and had fallen asleep when my brother knocked at the door and asked me to get up.

2.By the time the guests were coming, she was not ready.

3.I had not been listening, so I missed what she had said.

4.By 9 o’clock he finished work. He went outside. The rain had stopped but it was rather cool.

5.They had been studying all morning, so they were tired.

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6.She broke the glass when she washed it.

7.They were looking for the money since morning but they couldn’t find it anywhere.

8.The shop has closed by the time I got there.

9.At last I bought a piece of furniture which I expected for a month.

10.All the staff were working very long hours all week long.

Ex.26. TranslateintoEnglish.

1.Студенти закінчили підготовку до конференції до 30 жовтня.

2.Вони були друзями вже 10 років, перш ніж я познайомився з ними.

3.Секретарка віддала листа лише після того, як я сповістив своє ім’я.

4.Вона прийшла на роботу і згадала, що забув вдома гаманця.

5.Мої сусіди сказали, що провели відпустку в Альпах.

6.Ми думаємо, що він прийняв правильне рішення.

7.Вони вирішили залишитись вдома, тому що були втомлені.

8.Ми подивились фільм перш ніж обговорили його.

9.Я була в Лондоні минулого року. Раніше я там ніколи не була.

10.Я прочекала на зупинці 20 хвилин перш ніж прийшов трамвай.

PAST TENSES REVIEW

Ex.27. Identify the tenses, then match the sentences on the left with their functions on the right.

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while they were writing the test.

11. They locked the door, gave the keys to the guard and went home.

12.The company’s funds had run out by the end of the year.

Ex.28. Final test. Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, or Past Perfect Continuous? Choose the right answer.

4.She fell asleep while she _________ TV.

a.watched b. was watching c. had watched d. had been watching

5.She probably lost her keys while she ________ in the park.

a.walked b. was walking c. had walked d. had been walking

6.He _________ at four o'clock yesterday.

a. slept b. was sleeping c. had slept d. had been sleeping

7. First he ________ as a salesman, then as a night clerk, and after that he quit his job and became a writer.

a. worked b. was working c. had worked d. had been working 8. Christopher Columbus ________ America in 1492.

a. discovered b. was discovering c. had discovered d. had been discovering 9. By the time I came back, Mike and Jane______, so I couldn't tell them about it.

a. took b. was taking c. had taken d. had been taking

11.Their car was stolen while they________ lunch at a cafe. a. ate b. were eating c. had eaten d. had been eating

12.When he lived in Mexico, he ________ in a bank.

a. worked b. was working c. had worked d. had been working

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