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4&% *1&&' 4 '*+&% % !2# ! “ ” -! 4%=# 1& 2!*+&%/ !4# (8.03.1917 – 30.04.1918) 4=( !*% ' &! % &% !&% *1&&' &1-!*16&% (:2!/& +:%/ 4126! #. &% # )2#&,#)!;#, &! ':#$ F%2;( !*! ' # 1;! % # :2!/, !*# 4*' )%5! :% %/ D:%*# // +: " $!2!: 12, -!A!*+& +, %=% ’'-:% + ! =1-)*! & +; 4*' 1;#2 5&%/ D:%*# – -!A!*+&%4% ()& +; 4*' # 1;# % # &!, %&!*+$ ;1&D#& – 2 &%)2! & +; 4*' )2# ! $ &! 5!*+$ -!:*!4 – )2! % &! %2A!&-!, G &! 5!&&' ! 2 &%)2! &1 &( !&&' - 4126! # D:%*!;#.

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> % *-J- (30.04.1918 . – 15.12.1918 .)

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2.)# !&+ 2(: (2( !&&' % #: )%D#21&&' ;1216 )2# ! $ &! 5!*+$ -!:*!4 ; %2A!&-!, ' &! 5!*+$ -!:*!4 A ;&!-"&%A% #)( - (:2!/& +:%G ;% %G #:*!4!&&'; 4&% *1&&' 4 '*+&% #/ +:%A% (& 12 # 1 (.

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> / (15.12.1918 . – 5.02.1919 .)

%&% *1&&' :2!/& +:%/ !2%4&%/ 1 )(=* :# -=121A*% & 12 % % # ': % &% &( ()2! * & +:( %4#,G. '*+& + &% %A% ; & 2! % # !&! A L&:! $!2!: 12#-(G + &! ()& D*'$# 21F%2;( !&&' % &+%/ A!*(-: )% 12&1&&' 41,1& 2!*-!, "$ )2%,1 ; 2%-2%=:! )2%A2!;# L4#&%/ (:2!/& +:%/ D:%*# (-! ':%G # 1;! % # :*!4!*! ' - 2+%$ % &% $ 1 !) : ;%*%4D! D:%*! (4 2%:#); !2D! % &% &! D:%*! (4 2%:#); :%*1A ' (4 2%:#); -! 12461&&' &% %A% )2! %)# ( (:2!/& +:%/ ;% #; )2#"&' ' ( 5& 1919 2. -!:%&( “ 2% 4126! &( (:2!/& +:( ;% (”; ) 2%= , % - 1(:2!/& +:%G 5# 1*+ +:%G ) *:%G ( )2! ) 4A% % :# :!42 ! ;! 12 !*+&%A% -!=1-)151&&' 5# 1*+ !.

2. .

! % 0 (1856–1940) &!2%4#*! ' ( . *1D&' &! 12& A C#& . 1861 2. )2%6# !*! ( #L , -!: &5#*! A ;&!-G. 15 2%: %F ' % 2#;!*! 4%-* &! 4:2# ' 4# '5%A% !4:! &! 20 #$% !&, . ! 4':# -&!"%; ( - ;’LG !2#,+:#$ . ( % ! !*! )!*:%G )2#$#*+,1G (:2!/& +:%/ :(*+ (2#, )%-&!"%;#*! ' - . (=#& +:#;, . # 1&:%;, . 2!A%;!&% #;, . 5 *:%G, .J# 1,+:#;.

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4 '*+& + )2! #*! #2 D!*+" )*# &! F%2;( !&&' )14!A%A 5$ )%A*'4 . ( % %/. 1906 2. %&! &!)# !*! #4!*! “/- : >” ( &! % &% 2%-2%=%:

. % 1=& ), 1911 2. – “B < =” ! =2%D(2( “ -B-- ”.

2#&,#)% %G % &% %G -; ( &! 5!*+&%-#$% &%A% )2%,1 ( ( 4%D: *+$ &! 5!*+$ -!:*!4!$ ! D:%*!$ . ( % ! !6!*! 2 4&( ;% (, &!, %&!*+& ' ! ! %=2'4#, $2# #'& +: , &&% (:2!/& +:%A% &!2%4(. (4(5# 214!: %2%; :#/ +:%A% 6(2&!*( “ ” (1910–1914), ( 5# *1&$ ! '$ %=b2(& % ( !*! 2%-# !*! %/ )%A*'4# &! %2A!&-!, G (:2!/& +:%A% D: *+, !. %=*# 1 ; ,1 // &!(:% %- )14!A%A 5$ 4% * 461&&'$ -!";!L )2%=*1;! 4%D: *+&%/ ! )%-!D: *+&%/ % #. %D: *+&! % ! ! #$% !&&', &! 4(;:( . ( % %/, )% #&& =!-( ! # ' &! 5 : "-!L;%4 / - &!2%4&%G )14!A%A :%G )2% %4# # ' *+:# 2 4&%G ;% %G. %-!D: *+&! % ! ;!L =!-( ! # ' &! # 1; 15 2&$ D: * : *+:%$ #) : &14 *+& D:%*#, D:%*#

144

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:2!/. 12 !G5# + 4% 1)%$# (:2!/& +:%A% 42%461&&' ( V – V .), 51" -2%=# # &% %: )2% :(*+ (2&%-% &L )% 1214, % :2!/ ; 6 !$%4%;$%4%; ! )2% 21A1&12!, G (:2!/& +:%/ &!(:% %/ 4(;:# ( % :% +: " 4126! .

1918–192022. . A L&:% :12( ! & 12 %; % # 2% )% 4!&+ :2!/& +:%/ 1 )(=* :# ! !;’'&1,+-%4 *+ +:#; 4126! (:2!/& +:#; (& 12 # 1 %;. ! 4%2(51&&'; (2'4( #21: %2 / & #4! &!:!- )2% )121$4 &! (:2!/& +:( ;% ( #:*!4!&&' D:%*!$ ($ #) ; %2# :%; G - %)2!,G !&&' (:2!/& +:%A% )2! %)# (; #4! )% !&% ( )2% -!)2% !461&&' %=% ’'-:% %A% =1-:%D % &%A% &! 5!&&' 4 1" D: *+&%A% :(.

%*% ( 2%-# :( 4($% &% (:2!/& +:%/ ;%*%4 . A L&:% !6! $2# #'& +:( 4%=2%51 & +, )2! 14*# + )2!,+% # +. 2# # ;%6*# % #$% ! #, &! 4(;:( 51&%A%, *#D1 &! % &% 2 4&%;% &%A% #$% !&&' *+:# 2%4#& . !:#; 5#&%;, )2#&,#)% #;# 2# !;# )14!A%A 5$ )%A*'4 . A L&:! ;%6&! !6! #: 2-&%;% & +, 2%4#&& +, -!*(51&&' $2# #'& +:#$ 41!* .

A 4&% - ,#;, % &% # -! 4!&&';# % &+%-#$% &%A% )2%,1 ( &! 5!*+$ -!:*!4!$ :2!/ )% #&& =( #: (:2!/&-!, ' $ #) &! 5!*+$ -!:*!4 ; 4% ()& + L4& + &! 5!&&'; %21&&' # 1;# ) 4A% % :# &!, %&!*+$ )14!A%A 5$ :!42 .

4. , A20-'!

& ( /- / ; B-/ - / > ) (1919–1921).

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!:#; 5#&%;, !2%4" %; !2 ! # -!)2%)%&( ! " D*'$ 2%-=(4% # D: *+, ! 4*' &!"D#2D#$ ;! &! 1*1&&' :2!/. 2# ,+%;( :%6&! - &!, %&!*+$ ;1&D#&, C% &! 1*'*# :2!/&(, !:%6 ;%A*! -! &( ! # %/ &! 5!*+& -!:*!4# - #:*!4!&&'; 2 4&%G ;% %G. %5! %: 20-$ 2%: ! )12 %4%; %21&&'

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> ! (1921 – 1926 .)

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