Вопрос 8 London dialect.

The history of the London dialect reveals the sources of the

literary language in Late ME and also the main source and basis of the Literary Standard, both in its written and spoken forms. The history of London extends back to the Roman period. Even

in OE times London was by far the biggest town in Britain, although the capital of Wessex — the main OE kingdom — was Winchester. The capital was transferred to London a few years before the Norman Conquest.

The Early ME records made in London —beginning with the PROCLAMATION of 1258 — show that the dialect of London was fundamentally East Saxon; in terms of the ME division, it belonged to the Southwestern dialect group. Later records indicate that the speech of London was becoming more mixed, with East Midland features gradually prevailing over the Southern features. In the middle of the 14th c. London was practically depopulated during the "Black Death" (1348). About one third of the population of Britain died in the epidemics. Most of the new arrivals came from the East Midlands. As a result the speech of Londoners was brought much closer to the East Midland dialect.

The flourishing of literature, which marks the second half of the 14th c. This period of literary florescence is known as the "age of Chaucer", the greatest name in English literature before Shakespeare. Его произведения «Canter­bury Tales», «A Legend of Good Women». Of greatest linguistic consequence was the activity of John Wyclif

(1324—1384), the forerunner of the English Reformation. His most important contribution to English prose was his translation of the BIBLE completed in 1384. Лондонский диалект начала XIV в. представлен стихотворениями Адама Дэви; вторая половина произведениями Джеффри Чосера, Джона Гауэра и Джона Уиклифа.

Вопрос 11 oe word-stock.

Word stock include 30~100.000 words, don’t represent the total number of words. 2 group of word: 1.Native and 2.Borrowings. Native –are not Homogeneous in their origin. Common IE words, Common Germanic Specifically OE words. (most encient part of vocab. This is word of natural phenomena, anomals, human body.) 2.Common Germanic(wide layer-слой) formed independent lex. Group. 3.Scpecificall OE words:(don’t occur in other lang.) Compound wifman or wimman(woman) consist of 2 roots which occurred in a separate words in other OG lang.

Borrowings- from other lang.(very small portions of word-stock~600). Major borrow. Were adopted after contact of people in everyday life. Latin borrow. – it was well known because of historical events. (Roman conquer, introduction of Christianity and other). Latin borrow divided into several layers: 1.when West Germanic tribes settled in Britanie, Anglo-Saxon invasion. OE borrow from Latin indicate new things (trade, agriculture, building, home life). Through Celts (were some place-names:e.g: camp) Christianity: 1.word pertaining to religion. 2.word connected with learning. E.g” clericos.

One more impact is called “translations” – word and phrases created on the partten of Latin words as their literal translations. Celtic borrow – is very small vocab. Germ. tribes assimilated with celtic tribes. Among celtic words: cumb-small valey, Avon- river.