Tillman, D.A. et. al. 1998b. Cofiring Urban Wood Waste with Powder River Basin Coal at the Michigan City Generating Station. Proc. 23rd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems. ASME-FACT, USDOE, and CSTA. Clearwater, FL. March 9-13. pp. 35-46.
Tillman, D., J. Battista, and E. Hughes. 1998. Cofiring Wood Waste with Coal at the Seward Generating Station. Proc. 23rd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems. ASME-FACT, USDOE, and CSTA. Clearwater, FL. March 9-13. pp. 371-384.
Tillman, D.A. et. al. 1997. Cofiring Woody Biofuel at the Michigan City Generating Station of Northern Indiana Public Service Company: Results and Analysis. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA.
Tillman, D.A., R. Stahl, and K. Therkelsen. 1997. Results of Cofiring Wood Waste with Coal at the Colbert Fossil Plant, 1997. Prepared for the Electric Power Research Institute and the U.S. Department of Energy Federal Energy Technology Center. Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation, Sacramento, CA.
Tillman, D., M. Rollins, L. Reardon, and E. Hughes. 1997. Cofiring Wood Waste for NOx Control in Cyclone Boilers: Identifying the Mechanisms. Proc. Third Biomass Conference of the Americas. Montreal, Que. Aug 24-29. Elsevier Science. pp. 777 – 786.
Tillman, David A. 1997. Biomass Cofiring Guidelines. Electric Power Research Institute Report TR108952. Palo Alto, CA.
Tillman, D.A., L.D. Reardon, and M.L. Rollins. 1996. Cofiring Alternate Fuels in Coal-Fired Cyclone Boilers. Proc. American Flame Research Committee International Symposium: Combustion in Industry – Status and Needs into the 21st Century. Baltimore, MD. September 30 – October 2.
Tillman, D.A., et. al. 1996a. Fuel Blending and Switching for NOx Control Using Biofuels With Coal in Cyclone Boilers. Proc. Biomass Usage for Utility and Industrial Power. Engineering Foundation Conference. Snowbird, UT. April 28 – May 3.
Tillman, D.A. et. al. 1996b. Tri-Firing Wood Waste and Tire-Derived Fuel with Coal in a Cyclone Boiler. Proc. Bioenergy ’96. Nashville, TN. September 15 – 20. pp. 129 – 134.
Tillman, D.A. et. al. 1995. Cofiring Wood Waste and Coal in Cyclone Boilers: Test Results and Prospectus. Proc. Second Biomass Conference of the Americas. Portland, OR. August 21 – 24. pp. 3821 – 389.
Tillman, D.A. 1994. Trace Metals in Combustion Systems. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
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Tillman, D.A. 1991. The Combustion of Solid Fuels and Wastes. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
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Tillman, David A. 1978. Wood as an Energy Resource. Academic Press. New York.
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|
APPENDIX A. SELECTED ACRONYMS |
|
|
Acronym |
Definition |
A |
Pre-exponential constant in Arrhenius equation |
CCCT |
Combined cycle combustion turbine |
CO |
Carbon monoxide |
CO2 |
Carbon dioxide |
CTMP |
Chemi-Thermomechanical Pulping |
E |
Activation energy in Arrhenius equation |
EE-RE |
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, USDOE |
EJ |
Exajoule (1018 J) |
EO2 |
Excess O2 in gaseous combustion products |
EPRI |
Electric Power Research Institute |
FEGT |
Furnace exit gas temperature |
FETC |
Federal Energy Technology Center, now NETL |
FN |
Fuel nitrogen |
GJ |
Gigajoule |
Hg |
Mercury |
HGI |
Hardgrove Grindability index |
Kpph |
Thousand pounds per hour (typically of main steam) |
kWh |
Kilowatt-hour |
LOI |
Loss on ignition (treated as approximately equal to unburned carbon) in |
|
flyash |
MG&E |
Madison Gas & Electric |
MJ |
Megajoule |
MWe |
Megawatt electric |
MWth |
Megawatt thermal |
MWh |
Megawatt-hour |
NETL |
National Energy Technology Laboratory, USDOE |
NIPSCO |
Northern Indiana Public Service Company (Part of NiSource) |
NOx |
Oxides of Nitrogen (including NO, NO2, N2O) |
NYSEG |
New York State Electric and Gas |
NYSERDA |
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority |
PC |
Pulverized Coal |
|
|
Paper-derived fuel |
|
|
|
PRB |
Powder River Basin |
|
|
RDF |
Refuse-derived fuel |
ROW |
Right-of-way (applies to trimmings from right-of-way maintenance) |
SO2 |
Sulfur dioxide |
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SO3 |
Sulfur trioxide |
SOFA |
Separated overfire air system |
SRWC |
Short Rotation Woody Crop |
TDF |
Tire-derived fuel |
THC |
Total hydrocarbon emissions |
TMP |
Thermomechanical Pulping |
TVA |
Tennessee Valley Authority |
UBC |
Unburned carbon (typically in flyash; see LOI) |
UDI |
Utility Data Institute |
USDOE |
U.S. Department of Energy |
V/FC |
Ratio of volatile matter to fixed carbon from the proximate analysis |
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