3. Изучите повестку в суд по гражданскому делу. Сравните ее с повесткой по уголовному делу. На английском языке расскажите о сходствах и различиях.

UNITEDSTATESDISTRICTCOURT

for the

__________ District of __________

__________________

Plaintiff

v.

__________________

Defendant

Civil Action No.

SUMMONS IN A CIVIL ACTION

To: (Defendant’s name and address)

A lawsuit has been filed against you.

Within 21 days after service of this summons on you (not counting the day you received it) — or 60 days if you are the United States or a United States agency, or an officer or employee of the United States described in Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 (a)(2) or (3) — you must serve on the plaintiff an answer to the attached complaint or a motion under Rule 12 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The answer or motion must be served on the plaintiff or plaintiff’s attorney, whose name and address are:

If you fail to respond, judgment by default will be entered against you for the relief demanded in the complaint. You also must file your answer or motion with the court.

CLERK OF COURT

Date: ______________________ ____________________

Signature of Clerk or Deputy Clerk

4. Самостоятельная работа. Используя различные источники (Интернет, Гражданский процессуальный кодекс), найдите образцы повесток в суд в России и ответьте на вопросы.

1. Who usually receives summons?

2. How are summons delivered to the participants of the trial?

3. What information does the summons include?

4. What happens if somebody refuses to accept a summons?

5. Compare American and Russian summons. What does it have in common? What is different?

LANGUAGE IN USE

1. Причастие в функции определения (Present Participle Active, Present Participle Passive, Past Participle Passive):

The judge presiding over the trial was totally impartial.

The witness being questioned by the prosecutor is giving false testimony.

The judgments made by the court should always be fair.

2. Причастие в функции обстоятельства (any Participle forms):

While hearing the case, the judge dealt with different evidence.

Being interested in this court trial, I follow all news.

Having given evidence, the witness left the witness box.

3. Объектный падеж с причастием после глаголов физического восприятия (to hear, to see etc.), глаголов, выражающих приказание, мнение, предположение.

The public watched the trial being broadcast.

The defendant heard his sentence pronounced by the judge.

The victim saw the defendant coming into the courtroom.

Самостоятельным причастным оборотом называется такая конструкция, в которой причастие имеет свое собственное подлежащие, выраженное существительным (в общем падеже) или местоимением (в именительном падеже) и стоящее непосредственно перед причастием. Таким образом, в подобных предложения существуют два подлежащих: одно – в основном предложении, а второе – в виде одного из компонентов в причастном обороте.

Самостоятельный причастный оборот всегда отделяется запятой. Самостоятельный причастный оборот переводится с помощью придаточных предложений причины, времени и условия, а также с помощью союзов причем, при этом, поскольку, а, и в то время как.

EXAMPLES

The defendant being ill, the judge had to delay the trial. The trial being over, everybody left the courtroom.

Так как обвиняемый был болен, судья отложил судебное разбирательство. Поскольку судебное разбирательство закончилось, все вышли из зала суда.

1. Переведите предложения с причастием на русский язык.

1. The lawyer received a brief written by his assistant.

2. The defendant heard his sentence pronounced by the judge.

3. The defendant felt the victim watching him.

4. Trying the case this judge was very attentive.

5. The Patents Court of the Chancery Division deals with cases concerning intellectual property, copyright, patents and trademarks, including passing off.

6. Military courts consider disputes involving military personnel.

2. Переведите предложения с самостоятельным причастным оборотом на русский язык.

1. Russia being composed of over eighty subjects, the system of courts is divided into two levels.

2. The qualifying judicial board receiving complain about a judge's activity, the judge could be subject a disciplinary penalty.

3. The Constitutional court has jurisdiction to decide whether a federal law is consistent with the country’s Constitution, Constitutional Courts of the Subjects of the Russian Federation interpreting Regional Constitutions and Charters.

4. Appeals against decisions of justices of the peace go to district courts, the decisions of which being final.

5. The court being the mechanism of justice, any citizen should have the free access to the justice.

6. With the judicial reform having been carried out, Russian system of justice changed.

7. The system of courts of general jurisdiction has four-tiered structure, with the Supreme Court being on top.

8. The Supreme Court has jurisdiction to supervise over the courts of lower level, Courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation supervising over subordinate district courts.

9. The Regulation of the Supreme Court being passed, all courts become legally binding to follow it.

10. The ten Federal District Arbitration Courts act as court of cassation only, the Appellate Courts considering appeals as a re-hearing with new evidence.