sbornik zadach po neorganicheskoj chimii

Dhfie_dkguc bhg \ \h^ghf jZkl\hj_ g_ h[eZ^Z_l Z[khexlghc mk lhcqb\hklvx Eb]Zg^u _]h dhhj^bgZpbhgghc kn_ju fh]ml aZf_sZlvky fhe_dmeZfb \h^u dhlhjZy lZd`_ y\ey_lky eb]Zg^hf Lhqgh lZd `_ ijb \aZbfh^_ckl\bb Zd\Zdhfie_dkZ k ^jm]bfb eb]Zg^Zfb \ jZkl\hj_ fh `_l ijhbkoh^blv ihkl_i_ggh_ aZf_s_gb_ fhe_dme \h^u dhhj^bgZpb hgghc kn_ju Zd\Zdhfie_dkZ gZ wlb eb]Zg^u LZdhc ijhp_kk \ obfbb dhfie_dkh\ gZau\Z_lky eb]Zg^guf h[f_ghf.

JZkkfhljbf \aZbfh^_ckl\b_ ]Zahh[jZagh]h ZffbZdZ k \h^guf jZkl\hjhf kheb gbd_ey < \h^ghf jZkl\hj_ dZlbhg1L2+ kms_kl\m_l \ \b^_ dhfie_dkgh]h bhgZ>1L +2O)6]2+ <aZbfh^_ckl\b_ wlh]h Zd\Zdhf ie_dkZ k ZffbZdhf ijhbkoh^bl \ r_klv klZ^bc dZ`^Zy ba dhlhjuo ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc h[jZlbfmx j_Zdpbx b oZjZdl_jbam_lky kh[kl\_g ghc dhgklZglhc jZ\gh\_kby DhgklZglu jZ\gh\_kby dZ`^hc ba klZ^bc h[jZah\Zgby dhfie_dkghc qZklbpu gZau\Zxlky qZklgufb dhgklZg lZfb mklhcqb\hklb.

GZ dZ`^hc klZ^bb f_klh h^ghc fhe_dmeu \h^u \h \gmlj_gg_c kn_j_ aZgbfZ_l h^gZ fhe_dmeZ ZffbZdZ

[Ni(H2O)6]2+ j + NH j <>NiNH3(H2O)5]2+(j + H2O `

H[uqgh ^ey ijhklhlu aZibkb nhjfmeu fhe_dme \h^u \ mjZ\g_ gbyo ih^h[guo j_Zdpbc himkdZxl

Ni2+ j + NH j <>Ni(NH3)]2+ j

b qZklgZy dhgklZglZ mklhcqb\hklb dhgklZglZ jZ\gh\_kby ^ey i_j\hc klmi_gb h[jZah\Zgby dhfie_dkgh]h bhgZ aZibku\Z_lky lZd

J_Zdpby h[jZlgZy j_Zdpbb dhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zgby ^bkkhpbZpby dhfie_dkZ y\ey_lky j_Zdpb_c eb]Zg^gh]h h[f_gZ \ dhlhjhc eb]Zg^u dhfie_dkgh]h bhgZ aZf_sZxlky fhe_dmeZfb jZkl\hjbl_ey

[Ni(NH3)6]2+ j + H2O ` <>Ni(NH3)5(H2O)]2+ j + NH j beb

[Ni(NH3)6]2+ j <>Ni(NH3)5]2+ j + NH j

>ey j_Zdpbb ^bkkhpbZpbb dhfie_dkgh]h bhgZ dhgklZglm jZ\gh\_

kby gZau\Zxl dhgklZglhc g_klhcdhklb Dg_kl. ih dZ`^hc klZ^bb

K1g_kl = c(Ni(NH3 )5 ]2+ ) c2(+NH3 ) ijbq_f K1 > K2 > ... > Ki. c([Ni(NH3 )6 ] )

111

Ijhba\_^_gb_ qZklguo dhgklZgl g_klhcdhklb ^Z_l h[smx dhg klZglm g_klhcdhklb Kg_kl = K1 · K2 · ... · Ki DhgklZglu mklhcqb\hklb b g_klhcdhklb – wlh \aZbfgh h[jZlgu_ \_ebqbgu

DhgklZglu mklhcqb\hklb b g_klhcdhklb \gmlj_gg_c kn_ju keZ[h aZ\bkyl hl l_fi_jZlmju

Ijbf_j GZibrbl_ dhhj^bgZpbhggmx nhjfmem mdZ`bl_ dhhj ^bgZpbhggh_ qbkeh b aZjy^ dhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zl_ey aZjy^ \gmlj_gg_c kn_ju b \ujZ`_gb_ dhgklZglu g_klhcdhklb ke_^mxs_]h dhfie_dkgh ]h kh_^bg_gby ]_dkZgbljblhdh[ZevlZl,,,dZevpby

J_r_gb_

< mkeh\bb ijb\_^_gh gZa\Zgb_ Zgbhggh]h dhfie_dkgh]h kh_^bg_ gby Eb]Zg^hf y\ey_lky gbljbl-bhg Z p_gljZevguf bhghf – Kh3+. <gmlj_ggyy kn_jZ – [Co(NO2)6]3- ke_^h\Zl_evgh nhjfmeZ dhfie_dk

MjZ\g_gb_ i_j\bqghc ^bkkhpbZpbb dZd kbevguc we_dljhebl

KZ3[Co(NO2)6]2 : KZ2+ + 2[Co(NO2)6]3–.

H[s__ mjZ\g_gb_ \lhjbqghc ^bkkhpbZpbb keZ[uc we_dljhebl

[Co(NO2)6]3– < Kh3+ + 6NO −2 .

<ujZ`_gb_ h[s_c dhgklZglu g_klhcdhklb dhgklZglZ jZ\gh\_kby

Ijbf_j . Fh`gh eb jZajmrblv dhfie_dkguc bhg>Ag(NH3)2]+ k _]h fheyjghc dhgp_gljZpb_c \ jZkl\hj_ fhev e ^h[Z\e_gb_f jZ\ gh]h h[t_fZ jZkl\hjZ .&O k lZdhc `_ dhgp_gljZpb_c ijb gZebqbb \ dhg_qghf jZkl\hj_ ba[uldZ ZffbZdZ k _]h fheyjghc dhgp_gljZpb_c

fhev e"

J_r_gb_

JZkkqblZ_f fheyjgmx dhgp_gljZpbx bhgh\>Ag(NH3)2]+ \ jZk l\hj_ ihke_ ^h[Z\e_gby jZ\gh]h h[t_fZ jZkl\hjZ KCl Ihkdhevdm h[t _f bkoh^gh]h jZkl\hjZ m\_ebqbeky \ jZaZ lh fheyjgZy dhgp_gljZpby bhgh\>Ag(NH3)2]+ mf_gvrbeZkv \ jZaZ b khklZ\ey_l fhev e

112

JZkkqblZ_f fheyjgmx dhgp_gljZpbx bhgh\ Ag+ \ ihemq_gghf jZkl\hj_ Ihkdhevdm dhgp_gljZpb_c ZffbZdZ h[jZah\Z\r_]hky ijb ^bkkhpbZpbb dhfie_dkgh]h bhgZ fh`gh ij_g_[j_qv ^himkdZ_f qlh dhgp_gljZpby ZffbZdZ \ ihemq_gghf jZkl\hj_ jZ\gZ _]h ba[ulhqghc dhgp_gljZpbb b khklZ\ey_l fhev e Bkdhfmx dhgp_gljZpbx bhgh\ Ag+ h[hagZqbf q_j_a o:

AgZq_gby dhgp_gljZpbc bhgh\ ih^klZ\bf \ \ujZ`_gb_ dhgklZglu g_klhcdhklb dhfie_dkgh]h bhgZ

Hlkx^Z o = 5·10–12 fhev e

JZkkqblZ_f agZq_gb_ ID bhgh\ Ag+ b Cl– \ ihemq_gghf jZkl\hj_ ID k Ag+) Ü c(Cl–) =5 10–12 · 10–1 = 5·10–13.

Ihkdhevdm agZq_gb_ ID f_gvr_ agZq_gby IJ(AgCl) jZ\gh]h 10–10 lh hkZ^hd AgCl g_ \uiZ^Z_l b dhfie_dk>Ag(NH3)2]+ \ wlbo mkeh

\byo bhgZfb&OØg_ jZajmrZ_lky Ijbf_j . ;m^_l eb jZajmrZlvky dhfie_dkguc bhg>Ag(NH3)2]+ \

mkeh\byo ijbf_jZ ijb aZf_g_.&OgZ.,"

J_r_gb_:

AZibr_f mjZ\g_gb_ j_Zdpbb \aZbfh^_ckl\by dhfie_dkgh]h bhgZ k bh^b^-ZgbhgZfb

[Ag(NH3)2]+ + IØ< AgI + 2NH3.

IJ $J, · 10–16 LZd dZd Ü 10–13 > 1 Ü 10–16 lh hkZ^hd AgI \u iZ^Z_l b ke_^h\Zl_evgh dhfie_dkguc bhg>$J 1+3)2]+ \ l_o `_ mkeh \byo bhgZfb,ØjZajmrZ_lky

<hijhku ^ey kZfhklhyl_evghc ih^]hlh\db

1.Knhjfmebjmcl_ hkgh\gu_ iheh`_gby dhhj^bgZpbhgghc l_hjbb : <_jg_jZ b ijhbeexkljbjmcl_ bo gZ ijbf_jZo

2.DZdh\h kljh_gb_ dhfie_dkguo kh_^bg_gbc"

3.DZd hij_^_eblv aZjy^ dhfie_dkgh]h bhgZ b aZjy^ dhfie_dkhh[jZ ah\Zl_ey"

4.DZdh\Z ijbjh^Z obfbq_kdhc k\yab \ dhfie_dkguo kh_^bg_gbyo"

5.Q_f h[tykgy_lky hkh[Zy kdehgghklv d-we_f_glh\ h[jZah\u\Zlv dhfie_dkgu_ kh_^bg_gby"

113

6.GZ q_f hkgh\Zgu kihkh[u deZkkbnbdZpbb dhfie_dkguo kh_^bg_ gbc"

7.Ijb\_^bl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc dhlhjufb fh`gh ih^l\_j^blv gZ oh`^_gb_ bhgh\ ClØ b SO 24− \h \gmlj_gg_c beb \g_rg_c kn_jZo dhfie_dkh\

8.GZah\bl_ lbiu bahf_jbb b ijb\_^bl_ ijbf_ju bahf_jh\ \ dhf ie_dkguo kh_^bg_gbyo

9.Hl q_]h aZ\bkbl \_ebqbgZ dhhj^bgZpbhggh]h qbkeZ dhfie_dkhh[ jZah\Zl_ey"

10.Q_f h[mkeh\e_gZ ^_glZlghklv eb]Zg^h\"

11.GZ hkgh\Zgbb f_lh^Z \Ze_glguo k\ya_c h[tykgbl_ khklZ\ b kljh_ gb_ ZffbZdZlZ pbgdZ djbheblZ dZj[hgbeZ gbd_ey

12.Bah[jZabl_ kljh_gb_ hdkZeZlgh]h b pbljZlgh]h dhfie_dkh\ Fe3+ b

Zn2+.

13.< q_f aZdexqZ_lky jZaebqb_ f_`^m dhfie_dkgufb kh_^bg_gbyfb b ^\hcgufb kheyfb"

14.DZdb_ nZdlhju \ebyxl gZ mklhcqb\hklv dhfie_dkguo kh_^bg_gbc \ jZkl\hjZo"

15.Qlh gZau\Z_lky o_eZlguf wnn_dlhf b q_f hg h[mkeh\e_g"

16.DZd fh`gh h[tykgblv \ukhdmx lhdkbqghklv khe_c ly`_euo f_ lZeeh\"

17.DZdb_ k\hckl\Z dhfie_dkh\ bkihevamxl ijb ih^[hj_ e_dZjkl\ ^ey e_q_gby ijb hljZ\e_gbyo"Qlh lZdh_ Zglb^hl?

18.Ihq_fm fh`gh hkeZ[blv k ihfhsvx dhfie_dkhgh\ lhdkbq_kdh_ ^_ckl\b_ bhgh\ ly`_euo f_lZeeh\ gZ hj]Zgbaf q_eh\_dZ"

19.Qlh kh[hc ij_^klZ\ey_l ]_f djh\b"Ihq_fm ]_fh]eh[bg jZ\ghp_g gh \aZbfh^_ckl\m_l dZd k dbkehjh^hf lZd b k m]Zjguf ]Zahf"

AZ^Zqb ^ey j_r_gby

234.Ba jZkl\hjZ kheb khklZ\Z 3W&O4 · 6NH3 gbljZl k_j_[jZ hkZ`^Z_l \_kv oehj \ \b^_ oehjb^Z k_j_[jZ Z ba jZkl\hjZ kheb PtCl4 · 3NH3 – lhevdh qZklv \oh^ys_]h \ __ khklZ\ oehjZ GZ ibkZlv dhhj^bgZpbhggu_ nhjfmeu b ^Zlv gZa\Zgby wlbo khe_c hij_^_eblv dhhj^bgZpbhggh_ qbkeh ieZlbgu \ dZ`^hc ba gbo DZd [m^ml ^bkkhpbbjh\Zlv wlb \_s_kl\Z \ jZkl\hj_"

235.>\Z dhhj^bgZpbhgguo kh_^bg_gby dh[ZevlZ k h^bgZdh\hc wfib jbq_kdhc nhjfmehc&R%U624·5NH3 JZaebqby f_`^m gbfb ijhy\ eyxlky \ j_Zdpbyo bo \aZbfh^_ckl\by \ jZkl\hjZo k %D&O2 b AgNO3 H^gZ khev ^Z_l hkZ^hd lhevdh k oehjb^hf [Zjby Z \lh

114

jZy – lhevdh k gbljZlhf k_j_[jZ GZibrbl_ dhhj^bgZpbhggu_ nhjfmeu ^Zcl_ gZa\Zgby h[_bo khe_c b mjZ\g_gby bo we_dljh- eblbq_kdhc ^bkkhpbZpbb

236.D jZkl\hjm kh^_j`Zs_fm ] Z^^mdlZ&R&O2 · 4NH3 ^h[Z\b- eb \ ^hklZlhqghf dhebq_kl\_ jZkl\hj $J123 FZkkZ hkZ^dZ khklZ- \beZ ] Hij_^_ebl_ dhhj^bgZpbhggmx nhjfmem dhfie_dkZ b gZah\bl_ _]h

237.GZibrbl_ \ fhe_dmeyjghc b bhggh-fhe_dmeyjghc nhjfZo mjZ\ g_gby h[f_gguo j_Zdpbc ijhbkoh^ysbo f_`^m Z.4[Fe(CN)6@b

CuSO4 [1D3[Co(CN)6@b)H624 \ .3[Fe(CN)6@b $J123 bf_y \ \b^m qlh h[jZamxsb_ky dhhj^bgZpbhggu_ kheb g_jZkl\hjbfu \ \h^_ Ijb\_^bl_ bo gZa\Zgby

238.GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc h[jZah\Zgby dhfie_dkguo dbkehl b hkgh\Zgbc ijb \aZbfh^_ckl\bb3W&O4 b+&O$J&Ob+&O 3E&O2 b HCl; SiF4 b +) )H &12 b +&1 %)3 b +) &XOH)2 b 1+3; Ni(OH)2 b1+3 Ijb\_^bl_ mjZ\g_gby we_dljheblbq_kdhc ^bkkh pbZpbb ihemq_gguo kh_^bg_gbc

239.GZibrbl_ dhhj^bgZpbhggu_ nhjfmeu ke_^mxsbo dhfie_dkguo kh_^bg_gbc Z ]_dkZgbljblhdh[ZevlZl ,,, dZeby [ Zffbggbl jhl_ljZoehjhdh[ZevlZl ,,, Zffhgby \ ljbnlhjh]b^jhdkh[_ jbeeZl ]Zeeby ,,, ^ l_ljZlbhpbZgh^bZffbgojhfZl ,,, Zffh gby MdZ`bl_ dhhj^bgZpbhggh_ qbkeh dhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zl_ey b aZjy^ \gmlj_gg_c kn_ju dZ`^h]h dhfie_dkZ

240.>Zcl_ gZa\Zgby ke_^mxsbo kh_^bg_gbc>3G 1+3)3Cl]Cl; K4[Fe(CN)6]; [Pd(H2O)2NH3Cl]Cl; [Co(H2O)(NH3)4CN]Br2; [Co(NH3)5SO4]NO3; (NH4)2[Rh(NH3)Cl5]; Na2[PdI4@ >&X 1G3)4](NO3)2; K2[Co(NH3)2(NO2)4].

GZibrbl_ \ujZ`_gby dhgklZgl g_klhcdhklb dhfie_dkh\ b mdZ`b- l_ dhhj^bgZpbhggu_ qbkeZ dhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zl_e_c

241.DZd h[tykgblv qlh dhfie_dkguc bhg >$J 1+3)2]+ jZajmrZ_lky m`_ ijb ih^dbke_gbb jZkl\hjZ Z ZgZeh]bqguc bhg >3W 1+3)4]2+ khojZgy_lky ^Z`_ ijb ^_ckl\bb dhgp_gljbjh\Zgghc kheyghc db kehlu"

242.Ihq_fm ijb h^ghf b lhf `_ fheyjghf ba[uld_ j_Z]_glZ Z hkZ ^hd $J&O g_ jZkl\hjy_lky \ kheyghc dbkehl_ gh jZkl\hjy_lky \ jZkl\hj_ ZffbZdZ [ hkZ^hd $J,g_ jZkl\hjy_lky \ jZkl\hj_ Zf fbZdZ gh jZkl\hjy_lky \ jZkl\hj_ pbZgb^Z gZljby"

243.Q_f hij_^_ey_lky \hafh`ghklv aZf_gu h^gbo eb]Zg^h\ \ dhhj ^bgZpbhgghf kh_^bg_gbb gZ ^jm]b_" Hij_^_ebl_ gZijZ\e_gb_ j_Zdpbc \ jZkl\hjZo

115

Z) [Ag(CN)2]Ø 122Ø<>$J 122)2]Ø &1 Ø [) [Ag(NO2)2]Ø &1 Ø<>$J &12]Ø 122Ø

244.Fh`gh eb ba ZffbZqgh]h dhfie_dkZ k_j_[jZ ^_ckl\b_f khhl\_l kl\mxsbo eb]Zg^h\ ihemqblv >$J 122)2]Ø b >$J &12]Ø" Hl\_l fhlb\bjmcl_

245.H[tykgbl_ ijhp_kk jZkl\hj_gby hkZ^dh\ Zfnhl_jguo ]b^jhdkb ^h\ \ dbkehlZo b s_ehqZo dZd ij_\jZs_gb_ h^gbo dhfie_dkh\ \

^jm]b_ >hibrbl_ mjZ\g_gby

246.>hibrbl_ ijb\_^_ggu_ gb`_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc MdZ`bl_ d dZ dhfm lbim hlghkblky dZ`^Zy ba gbo b q_f hij_^_ey_lky __ gZ ijZ\e_gghklv"

247. GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc oZjZdl_jbamxsb_ ij_\jZs_gby

Ag+ :>Ag(NH3)2]+ : AgI :>Ag(CN)2]Ø: Ag2S.

DZd h[tykgblv \hafh`ghklv dZ`^h]h ba gbo"

116

J-WE?F?GLU9,,=JMIIU

1.IjhZgZebabjh\Zlv aZdhghf_jghklb \ baf_g_gbb jZ^bmkh\ Zlhfh\ bhgbaZpbhgguo ihl_gpbZeh\ kjh^kl\Z d we_dljhgm we_dljhhljb pZl_evghklb Zlhfh\ Z lZd`_ wg_j]bb obfbq_kdhc k\yab b l_jfb q_kdhc mklhcqb\hklb fhe_dme \ jy^m ]Zeh]_gh\

2.DZdb_ kl_i_gb hdbke_gby ijhy\eyxl ]Zeh]_gu \ k\hbo kh_^bg_gb yo"DZdh\u hkh[_gghklb \Ze_glguo khklhygbc nlhjZ"

3.Ijhbeexkljbjh\Zlv j_Zdpbyfb ijhfure_ggu_ b eZ[hjZlhjgu_ kihkh[u ihemq_gby ]Zeh]_gh\

4.>Zlv kjZ\gbl_evgmx oZjZdl_jbklbdm hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\b- l_evguo k\hckl\ ]Zeh]_gh\ gZ ijbf_jZo jZaebqguo j_Zdpbc

5.GZibkZlv mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc ihemq_gby \k_o ]Zeh]_gh\h^hjh^h\ DZdh\u hkh[_gghklb wlbo ijhp_kkh\"

6.DZd baf_gyxlky hkgh\gu_ nbabq_kdb_ k\hckl\Z b ijhqghklv fh e_dme \ jy^m+)– HI?

7.IjhZgZebabjmcl_ oZjZdl_j baf_g_gby hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\b- l_evguo b dbkehlguo k\hckl\ \ jy^m ]Zeh]_gh\h^hjh^h\

8.GZibkZlv mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc \aZbfh^_ckl\by ]Zeh]_gh\ k \h^hc b jZkl\hjZfb s_ehq_c oheh^gufb b ]hjyqbfb

9.DZd b^_l jZaeh`_gb_ oehjgh\Zlbklhc dbkehlu ih^ ^_ckl\b_f k\_ lZ ijb gZ]j_\Zgbb \ ijbkmlkl\bb \h^hhlgbfZxs_]h \_s_kl\Z"

10.DZdb_ j_Zdpbb bkihevamxlky h[uqgh ^ey ihemq_gby oehjZlh\ b i_joehjZlh\"

11.>_ckl\b_f dZdbo ]Zeh]_gh\ fh`gh \u^_eblv k\h[h^guc [jhf ba jZkl\hjh\ Z [jhfb^Z dZeby [ [jhfZlZ dZeby"H[hkgh\Zlv ^Zg gufb h klZg^Zjlguo we_dljh^guo ihl_gpbZeZo b ijhbeexkljbjh \Zlv j_Zdpbyfb

12.DZd baf_gyxlky kbeZ dbkehl b hdbkebl_evgu_ k\hckl\Z \ jy^Zo

HClO – HClO2 – HClO3 – HClO4 b+&O2– HBrO –+,2"Ihq_fm"

13.Qlh lZdh_ oehjgZy ba\_klv `Z\_e_\Zy \h^Z"Ijhbeexkljbjh\Zlv j_Zdpbyfb bo k\hckl\Z

14.KjZ\gblv ]b^jhebam_fhklv khe_c \ jy^Zo

1)KClO – KClO2 – KClO3 – KClO4;

2)KClO – KBrO – KIO?

15.H[hkgh\Zlv g_\hafh`ghklv ihemq_gby hdkb^h\ ]Zeh]_gh\ bo ijy fuf \aZbfh^_ckl\b_f k dbkehjh^hf

16.DZdmx ]_hf_ljbq_kdmx dhgnb]mjZpbx bf_xl bhgu &O2-, ClO2-, ClO3-, ClO4-?

17.DZdb_ g_hj]Zgbq_kdb_ kh_^bg_gby oehjZ nlhjZ [jhfZ b bh^Z ijbf_gyxlky \ f_^bpbg_"

118

18.G_ba\_klguc ]Zeh]_gh\h^hjh^ ijhimklbeb \ jZkl\hj s_ehqb fZk khc ] k fZkkh\hc ^he_c DHG < h[jZah\Z\r_fky g_c ljZevghf jZkl\hj_ fZkkh\Zy ^hey kheb jZ\gZ Hij_^_eblv ]Zeh]_gh\h^hjh^

19.JZkkqblZlv h[t_f oehjZ g m b h[t_f jZkl\hjZ ]b^jhdkb^Z dZeby k _]h fZkkh\hc ^he_c b iehlghklvx ] fe g_h[oh^bfuo ^ey ihemq_gby [_jlhe_lh\hc kheb fZkkhc ] _keb __ fZkkh\Zy ^hey \uoh^Z jZ\gZ

20.GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc ijb ihfhsb dhlhjuo fh`gh hkm s_kl\blv ij_\jZs_gby

Z) PbBr2 → HBr → Br2 → KBrO3 → HBrO3→ FeBr3; [) Cl2 → HCl → KCl → Cl2 → BaCl2 → HCl;

\) Cl2 → KClO3 → KClO4 → HClO4 → ClO2 → HClO3.

21.GZibkZlv mjZ\g_gby ke_^mxsbo j_Zdpbc Z.2Cr2O7+&Odhgp →

[) KI + H2SO4 (dhgp.) → \) HBrO3 + I2 →

] I2 + HNO3 dhgp →

^) HClO3 + HCl →

_) K2Cr2O7 + KI + H2SO4 (jZa[.) → `) I2 + H2S (j-j) →

a) KI + H2O2 + H2SO4 → b) Cl2 + I2 + Ba(OH)2 → d&O2 + KI + KOH → e) HClO4 + P2O5 →

f) CaOCl2 + HCl → g+&O 3E22 → h%U2 + F2 + H2O → i) HClO3 + P + H2O →

J-WE?F?GLU9,=JMIIU

1.JZkkfhljbl_ kljh_gb_ Zlhfh\ b \Ze_glgu_ khklhygby we_f_glh\ ]eZ\ghc ih^]jmiiu9,]jmiiu

2.DZd baf_gyxlky jZ^bmku bhgbaZpbhggu_ ihl_gpbZeu kjh^kl\h d we_dljhgm b we_dljhhljbpZl_evghklv \ jy^m dbkehjh^ – ihehgbc"

3.DZd b ihq_fm baf_gy_lky Z]j_]Zlgh_ khklhygb_ b khklZ\ ijhkluo \_s_kl\ \ jy^m2– Po?

4.Ijhbeexkljbjmcl_ khhl\_lkl\mxsbfb j_Zdpbyfb oZjZdl_j baf_ g_gby hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evguo k\hckl\ \ jy^m dbkeh- jh^ – ihehgbc

119

5.DZd baf_gyxlky l_fi_jZlmju ieZ\e_gby dbi_gby b l_jfbq_kdZy mklhcqb\hklv \ jy^m+2O – H2Po?

6.>Zlv kjZ\gbl_evgmx oZjZdl_jbklbdm baf_g_gby dbkehlgh-hkgh\- guo b hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evguo k\hckl\ \h^hjh^guo kh _^bg_gbc we_f_glh\9,]jmiiu

7.JZkkfhljbl_ jZkl\hjbfhklv b ]b^jhebam_fhklv kmevnb^h\ jZa ebqguo f_lZeeh\

8.JZkkfhljbl_ kihkh[u ihemq_gby hdkb^h\ k_ju DZd baf_gyxlky hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_ k\hckl\Z m wlbo kh_^bg_gbc"

9.K_jgbklZy dbkehlZ b __ kheb Kljh_gb_ hdbkebl_evgh- \hkklZgh\bl_evgu_ k\hckl\Z ijbf_g_gb_

10.DZd baf_gy_lky mklhcqb\hklv dbkehlgu_ k\hckl\Z b hdbkebl_ev gh-\hkklZgh\bl_evgZy kihkh[ghklv \ jy^m+2SO3 – H2TeO3?

11.DZdmx j_Zdpbx kj_^u bf_xl jZkl\hju Na2SO3 b NaHSO3" <u qbkebl_ D] ^ey kmevnbl- b ]b^jhkmevnbl-bhgh\ ihevamykv agZq_ gb_f dhgklZgl ^bkkhpbZpbb k_jgbklhc dbkehlu

12.K_jgZy dbkehlZ ?_ kljh_gb_ ihemq_gb_ dbkehlgu_ b hdbkeb l_evgu_ k\hckl\Z OZjZdl_j \aZbfh^_ckl\by k f_lZeeZfb b g_f_ lZeeZfb Ijhbeexkljbjh\Zlv j_Zdpbyfb

13.DZdh\ oZjZdl_j baf_g_gby dbkehlguo b hdbkebl_evguo k\hckl\ \ jy^m k_jgZy – l_eemjh\Zy dbkehlu"

14.Qlh lZdh_ he_mf"DZdh\Z _]h obfbq_kdZy ijbjh^Z"Qlh lZdh_ ih ebk_jgu_ dbkehlu"GZjbkh\Zlv kljmdlmjm ^bk_jghc dbkehlu

15.>Zlv oZjZdl_jbklbdm iheblbhgh\uf dbkehlZf b bo kheyf

16.Lbhk_jgZy dbkehlZ ?_ kljh_gb_ b hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_ev- gu_ k\hckl\Z lbhkmevnZl-bhgZ

17.Qlh lZdh_ i_jhdkh^bk_jgZy dbkehlZ" Kihkh[u __ ihemq_gby k\hckl\Z b ijbf_g_gb_

18.Kf_kv [_jlhe_lh\hc kheb k dZlZebaZlhjhf MnO2 h[s_c fZkkhc

] gZ]j_eb b ihemqbeb kf_kv l\_j^uo \_s_kl\ \ dhlhjhc fZk kh\Zy ^hey dZlZebaZlhjZ jZ\gZ <uqbkeblv h[t_f ]ZaZ g m

\u^_eb\r_]hky ijb ijhdZeb\Zgbb bkoh^ghc kf_kb _keb fZkkh\Zy ^hey MnO2 \ g_c jZ\gZ

19.GZibkZlv mjZ\g_gby ke_^mxsbo j_Zdpbc

Z)H62 + O2 →

[) S + NaOH →

\) H2S + SO2 →

]) Na2S + S →

^) NaBr + H2SO4 (dhgp.)→

_+2SO4 dhgp jZa[ + Fe, Al, Cu, Zn →

120