- •1 Scope
- •1.1 General
- •2 Conformance
- •2.1 General
- •2.2 Process Modeling Conformance
- •2.2.1 BPMN Process Types
- •2.2.2 BPMN Process Elements
- •Descriptive Conformance Sub-Class
- •Analytic Conformance Sub-Class
- •Common Executable Conformance Sub-Class
- •2.2.3 Visual Appearance
- •2.2.4 Structural Conformance
- •2.2.5 Process Semantics
- •2.2.6 Attributes and Model Associations
- •2.2.7 Extended and Optional Elements
- •2.2.8 Visual Interchange
- •2.3 Process Execution Conformance
- •2.3.1 Execution Semantics
- •2.3.2 Import of Process Diagrams
- •2.4 BPEL Process Execution Conformance
- •2.5 Choreography Modeling Conformance
- •2.5.1 BPMN Choreography Types
- •2.5.2 BPMN Choreography Elements
- •2.5.3 Visual Appearance
- •2.5.4 Choreography Semantics
- •2.5.5 Visual Interchange
- •2.6 Summary of BPMN Conformance Types
- •3 Normative References
- •3.1 General
- •3.2 Normative
- •3.3 Non-Normative
- •Activity Service
- •BPEL4People
- •Business Process Definition Metamodel
- •Business Process Modeling
- •Business Transaction Protocol
- •Dublin Core Meta Data
- •ebXML BPSS
- •Open Nested Transactions
- •SOAP 1.2
- •UDDI
- •WfMC Glossary
- •Web Services Transaction
- •Workflow Patterns
- •WSBPEL
- •WS-Coordination
- •WSDL
- •WS-HumanTask
- •XML 1.0 (Second Edition)
- •XML-Namespaces
- •XML-Schema
- •XPath
- •XPDL
- •4 Terms and Definitions
- •5 Symbols
- •6 Additional Information
- •6.1 Conventions
- •6.1.1 Typographical and Linguistic Conventions and Style
- •6.1.2 Abbreviations
- •6.2 Structure of this Document
- •6.3 Acknowledgments
- •Submitting Organizations
- •Supporting Organizations
- •Special Acknowledgments
- •7 Overview
- •7.1 General
- •7.2 BPMN Scope
- •7.2.1 Uses of BPMN
- •Private (Internal) Business Processes
- •Public Processes
- •Collaborations
- •Choreographies
- •Conversations
- •Diagram Point of View
- •Understanding the Behavior of Diagrams
- •7.3 BPMN Elements
- •7.3.1 Basic BPMN Modeling Elements
- •7.3.2 Extended BPMN Modeling Elements
- •7.4 BPMN Diagram Types
- •7.5 Use of Text, Color, Size, and Lines in a Diagram
- •7.6 Flow Object Connection Rules
- •7.6.1 Sequence Flow Connections Rules
- •7.6.2 Message Flow Connection Rules
- •7.7 BPMN Extensibility
- •7.8 BPMN Example
- •8 BPMN Core Structure
- •8.1 General
- •8.2 Infrastructure
- •8.2.1 Definitions
- •8.2.2 Import
- •8.2.3 Infrastructure Package XML Schemas
- •8.3 Foundation
- •8.3.1 Base Element
- •8.3.2 Documentation
- •8.3.3 Extensibility
- •Extension
- •ExtensionDefinition
- •ExtensionAttributeDefinition
- •ExtensionAttributeValue
- •Extensibility XML Schemas
- •XML Example
- •8.3.4 External Relationships
- •8.3.5 Root Element
- •8.3.6 Foundation Package XML Schemas
- •8.4 Common Elements
- •8.4.1 Artifacts
- •Common Artifact Definitions
- •Artifact Sequence Flow Connections
- •Artifact Message Flow Connections
- •Association
- •Group
- •Category
- •Text Annotation
- •XML Schema for Artifacts
- •8.4.2 Correlation
- •CorrelationKey
- •Key-based Correlation
- •Context-based Correlation
- •XML Schema for Correlation
- •8.4.3 Error
- •8.4.4 Escalation
- •8.4.5 Events
- •8.4.6 Expressions
- •Expression
- •Formal Expression
- •8.4.7 Flow Element
- •8.4.8 Flow Elements Container
- •8.4.9 Gateways
- •8.4.10 Item Definition
- •8.4.11 Message
- •8.4.12 Resources
- •8.4.13 Sequence Flow
- •Flow Node
- •8.4.14 Common Package XML Schemas
- •8.5 Services
- •8.5.1 Interface
- •8.5.2 EndPoint
- •8.5.3 Operation
- •8.5.4 Service Package XML Schemas
- •9 Collaboration
- •9.1 General
- •9.2 Basic Collaboration Concepts
- •9.2.1 Use of BPMN Common Elements
- •9.3 Pool and Participant
- •9.3.1 Participants
- •PartnerEntity
- •PartnerRole
- •Participant Multiplicity
- •ParticipantAssociation
- •9.3.2 Lanes
- •9.4 Message Flow
- •9.4.1 Interaction Node
- •9.4.2 Message Flow Associations
- •9.5 Conversations
- •9.5.1 Conversation Node
- •9.5.2 Conversation
- •9.5.3 Sub-Conversation
- •9.5.4 Call Conversation
- •9.5.5 Global Conversation
- •9.5.6 Conversation Link
- •9.5.7 Conversation Association
- •9.5.8 Correlations
- •9.6 Process within Collaboration
- •9.7 Choreography within Collaboration
- •9.8 Collaboration Package XML Schemas
- •10 Process
- •10.1 General
- •10.2 Basic Process Concepts
- •10.2.1 Types of BPMN Processes
- •10.2.2 Use of BPMN Common Elements
- •10.3 Activities
- •Sequence Flow Connections
- •Message Flow Connections
- •10.3.1 Resource Assignment
- •Resource Role
- •Expression Assignment
- •Parameterized Resource Assignment
- •10.3.2 Performer
- •10.3.3 Tasks
- •Service Task
- •Send Task
- •Receive Task
- •User Task
- •Manual Task
- •Business Rule
- •Script Task
- •10.3.4 Human Interactions
- •Notation
- •Manual Task
- •User Task
- •Rendering of User Tasks
- •Human Performers
- •Potential Owners
- •XML Schema for Human Interactions
- •Examples
- •10.3.5 Sub-Processes
- •Embedded Sub-Process (Sub-Process)
- •Reusable Sub-Process (Call Activity)
- •Event Sub-Process
- •Transaction
- •Ad-Hoc Sub-Process
- •10.3.6 Call Activity
- •Callable Element
- •10.3.7 Global Task
- •Types of Global Task
- •10.3.8 Loop Characteristics
- •Standard Loop Characteristics
- •Multi-Instance Characteristics
- •Complex Behavior Definition
- •10.3.9 XML Schema for Activities
- •10.4 Items and Data
- •10.4.1 Data Modeling
- •Item-Aware Elements
- •Data Objects
- •DataObject
- •States
- •Data Objects representing a Collection of Data
- •Visual representations of Data Objects
- •Lifecycle and Accessibility
- •Data Stores
- •Properties
- •Lifecycle and Accessibility
- •Data Inputs and Outputs
- •Data Input
- •States
- •Data Output
- •States
- •Service Task Mapping
- •Send Task Mapping
- •Receive Task Mapping
- •User Task Mapping
- •Call Activity Mapping
- •Script Task Mapping
- •Events
- •InputSet
- •OutputSet
- •Data Associations
- •DataAssociation
- •Assignment
- •DataInputAssociation
- •DataOutputAssociation
- •Data Objects associated with a Sequence Flow
- •10.4.2 Execution Semantics for Data
- •Execution Semantics for DataAssociation
- •10.4.3 Usage of Data in XPath Expressions
- •Access to BPMN Data Objects
- •Access to BPMN Data Input and Data Output
- •Access to BPMN Properties
- •For BPMN Instance Attributes
- •10.4.4 XML Schema for Data
- •10.5 Events
- •10.5.1 Concepts
- •Data Modeling and Events
- •Common Event attributes
- •Common Catch Event attributes
- •Common Throw Event Attributes
- •Implicit Throw Event
- •10.5.2 Start Event
- •Start Event Triggers
- •Start Events for Top-level Processes
- •Start Events for Sub-Processes
- •Start Events for Event Sub-Processes
- •Attributes for Start Events
- •Sequence Flow Connections
- •Message Flow Connections
- •10.5.3 End Event
- •End Event Results
- •Sequence Flow Connections
- •Message Flow Connections
- •10.5.4 Intermediate Event
- •Intermediate Event Triggers
- •Intermediate Events in Normal Flow
- •Intermediate Events Attached to an Activity Boundary
- •Attributes for Boundary Events
- •Activity Boundary Connections
- •Sequence Flow Connections
- •Message Flow Connections
- •10.5.5 Event Definitions
- •Event Definition Metamodel
- •Cancel Event
- •Compensation Event
- •Conditional Event
- •Error Event
- •Escalation Event Definition
- •Link Event Definition
- •Message Event Definition
- •Multiple Event
- •None Event
- •Parallel Multiple Event
- •Signal Event
- •Terminate Event
- •Timer Event
- •10.5.6 Handling Events
- •Handling Start Events
- •Handling Events within normal Sequence Flow (Intermediate Events)
- •Handling Events attached to an Activity (Intermediate boundary Events and Event Sub-Processes)
- •Interrupting Event Handlers (Error, Escalation, Message, Signal, Timer, Conditional, Multiple, and Parallel Multiple)
- •Non-interrupting Event Handlers (Escalation, Message, Signal, Timer, Conditional, Multiple, and Parallel Multiple)
- •Handling End Events
- •10.5.7 Scopes
- •10.5.8 Events Package XML Schemas
- •10.6 Gateways
- •10.6.1 Sequence Flow Considerations
- •10.6.2 Exclusive Gateway
- •10.6.3 Inclusive Gateway
- •10.6.4 Parallel Gateway
- •10.6.5 Complex Gateway
- •10.6.6 Event-Based Gateway
- •10.6.7 Gateway Package XML Schemas
- •10.7 Compensation
- •10.7.1 Compensation Handler
- •10.7.2 Compensation Triggering
- •10.7.3 Relationship between Error Handling and Compensation
- •10.8 Lanes
- •10.9 Process Instances, Unmodeled Activities, and Public Processes
- •10.10 Auditing
- •10.11 Monitoring
- •10.12 Process Package XML Schemas
- •11 Choreography
- •11.1 General
- •11.2 Basic Choreography Concepts
- •11.3 Data
- •11.4 Use of BPMN Common Elements
- •11.4.1 Sequence Flow
- •11.4.2 Artifacts
- •11.5 Choreography Activities
- •11.5.1 Choreography Task
- •11.5.2 Sub-Choreography
- •The Parent Sub-Choreography (Expanded)
- •11.5.3 Call Choreography
- •11.5.4 Global Choreography Task
- •11.5.5 Looping Activities
- •11.5.6 The Sequencing of Activities
- •11.6 Events
- •11.6.1 Start Events
- •11.6.2 Intermediate Events
- •11.6.3 End Events
- •11.7 Gateways
- •11.7.1 Exclusive Gateway
- •11.7.2 Event-Based Gateway
- •11.7.3 Inclusive Gateway
- •11.7.4 Parallel Gateway
- •11.7.5 Complex Gateway
- •11.7.6 Chaining Gateways
- •11.8 Choreography within Collaboration
- •11.8.1 Participants
- •11.8.2 Swimlanes
- •Choreography Task in Combined View
- •Sub-Choreography in Combined View
- •11.9 XML Schema for Choreography
- •12 BPMN Notation and Diagrams
- •12.1 BPMN Diagram Interchange (BPMN DI)
- •12.1.1 Scope
- •12.1.2 Diagram Definition and Interchange
- •12.1.3 How to Read this Clause
- •12.2 BPMN Diagram Interchange (DI) Meta-model
- •12.2.1 Overview
- •12.2.2 Abstract Syntax
- •12.2.3 Classifier Descriptions
- •12.2.4 Complete BPMN DI XML Schema
- •12.3 Notational Depiction Library and Abstract Element Resolutions
- •12.3.1 Labels
- •12.3.2 BPMNShape
- •Markers for Activities
- •Tasks [BPMNShape]
- •Collapsed Sub-Processes [BPMNShape]
- •Expanded Sub-Processes [BPMNShape]
- •Collapsed Ad Hoc Sub-Processes [BPMNShape]
- •Expanded Ad Hoc Sub-Processes [BPMNShape]
- •Collapsed Transactions [BPMNShape]
- •Expanded Transactions [BPMNShape]
- •Collapsed Event Sub-Processes [BPMNShape]
- •Expanded Event Sub-Processes [BPMNShape]
- •Call Activities (Calling a Global Task) [BPMNShape]
- •Collapsed Call Activities (Calling a Process) [BPMNShape]
- •Expanded Call Activities (Calling a Process) [BPMNShape]
- •Data [BPMNShape]
- •Events [BPMNShape]
- •Gateways [BPMNShape]
- •Artifacts [BPMNShape]
- •Lanes [BPMNShape]
- •Pools [BPMNShape]
- •Choreography Tasks [BPMNShape]
- •Collapsed Sub-Choreographies [BPMNShape]
- •Expanded Sub-Choreographies [BPMNShape]
- •Call Choreographies (Calling a Global Choreography Task) [BPMNShape]
- •Collapsed Call Choreographies (Calling a Choreography) [BPMNShape]
- •Expanded Call Choreographies (Calling a Choreography) [BPMNShape]
- •Choreography Participant Bands [BPMNShape]
- •Conversations [BPMNShape]
- •12.3.3 BPMNEdge
- •Connecting Objects [BPMNEdge]
- •12.4 Example(s)
- •12.4.1 Depicting Content in a Sub-Process
- •Expanded Sub-Process
- •Expanded Sub-Process with Start and End Events on Border
- •Collapsed Sub-Process
- •12.4.2 Multiple Lanes and Nested Lanes
- •12.4.3 Vertical Collaboration
- •12.4.4 Conversation
- •12.4.5 Choreography
- •13 BPMN Execution Semantics
- •13.1 General
- •13.2 Process Instantiation and Termination
- •13.3 Activities
- •13.3.1 Sequence Flow Considerations
- •13.3.2 Activity
- •13.3.3 Task
- •13.3.4 Sub-Process/Call Activity
- •13.3.5 Ad-Hoc Sub-Process
- •Operational semantics
- •13.3.6 Loop Activity
- •13.3.7 Multiple Instances Activity
- •13.4 Gateways
- •13.4.1 Parallel Gateway (Fork and Join)
- •13.4.2 Exclusive Gateway (Exclusive Decision (data-based) and Exclusive Merge)
- •13.4.3 Inclusive Gateway (Inclusive Decision and Inclusive Merge)
- •13.4.4 Event-based Gateway (Exclusive Decision (event-based))
- •13.4.5 Complex Gateway (related to Complex Condition and Complex Merge)
- •13.5 Events
- •13.5.1 Start Events
- •13.5.2 Intermediate Events
- •13.5.3 Intermediate Boundary Events
- •13.5.4 Event Sub-Processes
- •Operational semantics
- •13.5.5 Compensation
- •Compensation Handler
- •Compensation Triggering
- •Relationship between Error Handling and Compensation
- •Operational Semantics
- •13.5.6 End Events
- •Process level end events
- •Sub-process level end events
- •14 Mapping BPMN Models to WS-BPEL
- •14.1 General
- •14.2 Basic BPMN-BPEL Mapping
- •14.2.1 Process
- •14.2.2 Activities
- •Common Activity Mappings
- •Task Mappings
- •Service Task
- •Receive Task
- •Send Task
- •Abstract Task
- •Service Package
- •Message
- •Interface and Operation
- •Conversations and Correlation
- •Sub-Process Mappings
- •Mapping of Event Sub-Processes
- •Activity Loop Mapping
- •Standard Loops
- •Dealing with LoopMaximum
- •Multi-Instance Activities
- •14.2.3 Events
- •Start Event Mappings
- •Message Start Events
- •Error Start Events
- •Compensation Start Events
- •Intermediate Event Mappings (Non-boundary)
- •Message Intermediate Events (Non-boundary)
- •Timer Intermediate Events (Non-boundary)
- •Compensation Intermediate Events (Non-boundary)
- •End Event Mappings
- •None End Events
- •Message End Events
- •Error End Events
- •Compensation End Events
- •Terminate End Events
- •Boundary Intermediate Events
- •Message Boundary Events
- •Error Boundary Events
- •Compensation Boundary Events
- •Multiple Boundary Events, and Boundary Events with Loops
- •14.2.4 Gateways and Sequence Flows
- •Exclusive (Data-based) Decision Pattern
- •Exclusive (Event-based) Decision Pattern
- •Inclusive Decision Pattern
- •Parallel Pattern
- •Sequence Pattern
- •Structured Loop Patterns
- •Handling Loops in Sequence Flows
- •14.2.5 Handling Data
- •Data Objects
- •Properties
- •Input and Output Sets
- •Data Associations
- •Expressions
- •Assignments
- •14.3 Extended BPMN-BPEL Mapping
- •14.3.1 End Events
- •14.3.2 Loop/Switch Combinations From a Gateway
- •14.3.3 Interleaved Loops
- •14.3.4 Infinite Loops
- •14.3.5 BPMN Elements that Span Multiple WSBPEL Sub-Elements
- •15 Exchange Formats
- •15.1 Interchanging Incomplete Models
- •15.2 Machine Readable Files
- •15.3.1 Document Structure
- •15.3.2 References within the BPMN XSD
- •15.5 XSLT Transformation between XSD and XMI
- •B.1 Scope
- •B.2 Architecture
- •B.3 Diagram Common
- •B.3.1 Overview
- •B.3.2 Abstract Syntax
- •B.3.3 Classifier Descriptions
- •B.4 Diagram Interchange
- •B.4.1 Overview
- •B.4.2 Abstract Syntax
- •B.4.3 Classifier Descriptions
Configure Product |
Test Product |
Pass Test? |
Yes |
Package Product |
No
Reconfigure |
Reconfigure |
Figure 10.87 – Link Events Used for looping
The LinkEventDefinition element inherits the attributes and model associations of BaseElement (see Table 8.5) through its relationship to the EventDefinition element (see page 259). Table 10.98 presents the additional attributes of the LinkEventDefinition element.
Table 10.98 – LinkEventDefinition attributes
Attribute Name |
Description/Usage |
|
|
name: string |
If the trigger is a Link, then the name MUST be entered. |
|
|
sources: |
Used to reference the corresponding 'catch' or 'target' LinkEventDefinition, when |
LinkEventDefinition [1..*] |
this LinkEventDefinition represents a 'throw' or 'source' LinkEventDefinition. |
|
|
|
|
target: LinkEventDefinition |
Used to reference the corresponding 'throw' or 'source' LinkEventDefinition, |
[1] |
when this LinkEventDefinition represents a 'catch' or 'target' LinkEventDefinition. |
|
|
|
|
Message Event Definition
Figure 10.88 shows the variations of Message Events.
Figure 10.88 – Message Events
Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), v2.0.2 |
269 |
Figure 10.89 displays the class diagram for the MessageEventDefinition.
Figure 10.89 – MessageEventDefinition Class Diagram
The MessageEventDefinition element inherits the attributes and model associations of BaseElement (see Table 8.5) through its relationship to the EventDefinition element (see page 259). Table 10.99 presents the additional model associations of the MessageEventDefinition element.
Table 10.99 – MessageEventDefinition model associations
Attribute Name |
Description/Usage |
|
|
messageRef: Message [0..1] |
The Message MUST be supplied (if the isExecutable attribute of the |
|
Process is set to true). |
operationRef: Operation [0..1] |
This attribute specifies the Operation that is used by the Message Event. |
|
It MUST be specified for executable Processes. |
Multiple Event |
|
For a Start Event: |
|
If the trigger is Multiple, there are multiple ways of starting the Process. Only one of them is necessary to trigger the start of the Process. The EventDefinition subclasses will define which triggers apply
For an End Event:
If the Result is Multiple, there are multiple consequences of ending the Process. All of them will occur. The EventDefinition subclasses will define which Results apply.
For an Intermediate Event within normal flow:
If the trigger is Multiple, only one EventDefinition is REQUIRED to catch the trigger. When used to throw, all of the EventDefinitions are considered and the subclasses will define which Results apply.
270 |
Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), v2.0.2 |
For an Intermediate Event attached to the boundary of an Activity:
If the trigger is Multiple, only one EventDefinition is REQUIRED to “catch” the trigger.
Figure 10.90 shows the variations of Multiple Events.
Figure 10.90 – Multiple Events
None Event
None Events are Events that do not have a defined EventDefinition. There are three (3) variations of None Events: a Start Event, a catch Intermediate Event, and an End Event (see Figure 10.91).
The None Start Event MAY be used for a top-level Process or any type of Sub-Process (except an
Event Sub-Process).
The None Start Event MAY NOT be used for an Event Sub-Process.
The catch None Intermediate Event MUST only be used in normal flow and, thus, MAY NOT be attached to the boundary of an Activity.
The None End Event MAY be used within any Sub-Process or Process.
Figure 10.91 shows the variations of None Events.
Figure 10.91 – None Events
Parallel Multiple Event
For a Start Event:
•If the trigger is Multiple, there are multiple triggers REQUIRED to start the Process. All of them are necessary to trigger the start of the Process. The EventDefinition subclasses will define which triggers apply. In addition, the parallelMultiple attribute of the Start Event MUST be set to true.
For an Intermediate Event within normal flow:
•If the trigger is Multiple, all of the defined EventDefinitions are REQUIRED to trigger the Event. In addition, the parallelMultiple attribute of the Intermediate Event MUST be set to true.
For an Intermediate Event attached to the boundary of an Activity:
•If the trigger is Multiple, all of the defined EventDefinitions are REQUIRED to trigger the Event. In addition, the parallelMultiple attribute of the Intermediate Event MUST be set to true.
Figure 10.92 shows the variations of Parallel Multiple Events.
Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), v2.0.2 |
271 |
Figure 10.92 – Multiple Events
Signal Event
Figure 10.93 – SignalEventDefinition Class Diagram
Figure 10.94 shows the variations of Signal Events.
Figure 10.94 – Signal Events
The SignalEventDefinition element inherits the attributes and model associations of BaseElement (see Table 8.5) through its relationship to the EventDefinition element (see page 259). Table 10.100 presents the additional model associations of the ConditionalSignalDefinition element.
Table 10.100 – SignalEventDefinition model associations
Attribute Name |
Description/Usage |
|
|
signalRef: Signal [0..1] |
If the trigger is a Signal, then a Signal is provided. |
|
Terminate Event
Figure 10.95 shows the Terminate Event.
272 |
Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), v2.0.2 |