Вариант 3

Задание 1. Времена глагола в действительном залоге. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму. Переведите предложения.

1. He (pass) his exams well, and now he (rest).

2. Many students (graduate) from the university last year.

3. Recently scientists and engineers (find) an increasing number of ways in which electronic conduction can be guided and controlled for useful purposes.

4. The development of science and technology (open up) infinite possibilities for conquering the forces of nature.

5. The students (read up) for examinations.

Задание 2. Страдательный залог. Переведите предложения, учитывая, что глагол-сказуемое стоит в пассивном залоге.

1. Some pressing problems will be discussed at the symposium.

2. Any deduction is usually preceded by a number of experiments and observations.

3. These reactions can be classified into three groups.

4. The results were affected by the presence of impurities.

5. Experimental data were presented in some detail and discussed as thoroughly as possible.

6. We have been given little information on this subject.

Задание 3. Модальные глаголы. Найдите и подчеркните в каждом предложении модальный глагол. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы.

1. You are allowed to use this computer for calculations which are necessary to you.

2. You will have to come here again.

3. Firms may prefer internationally agreed standards in meeting customer expectations.

4. More formal training modules for field-based staff are to be developed.

5. All the heat must be transferred through the heating surfaces to reach water.

6. On Monday he has to get up very early as his lectures begin at 8 o'clock.

Задание 4. Глаголы to be и to have. Переведите предложения, учитывая разные функции и перевод глаголов to be и to have.

1. If the source of cooling water is a lake or a river, there is no need for water conservation.

2. They must be controlled separately if the best results are to be obtained.

3. The waste paper received at the mill had to be sorted.

4. All these methods have their advantages and their drawbacks.

5. The system was not closed and further improvements had to be made.

Задание 5. Многофункциональные слова one, that, those, it. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода многофункциональных слов one, that, those, it.

1. To measure the temperature one uses the thermometer.

2. The problem was a very difficult one.

3. The sun's mass is 750 times that of all the planets together.

4. Carbon dioxide cannot support life; its properties are different from those of the oxygen which it contains.

5. It is our students that work at this power plant.

6. It is known that some hypotheses were put forward in the last decade.

Задание 6. Неличные формы глагола: причастие Participle I и Participle II, герундий и инфинитив. Найдите и подчеркните в каждом предложении неличную форму глагола. Переведите предложения, учитывая разные функции и соответствующий перевод причастий, герундия и инфиитива.

1. New equipment required to achieve a 5 % increase in production included the following.

2. The results of this new test are described and discussed in the presented sections.

3. The purpose of the system is to maximize production.

4. One method to get better understanding is to combine theoretical knowledge with practical testing and mathematical models.

5. Newton made his most important discoveries before reaching the age of thirty.

6. We know of silver and copper being good conductors of electricity.

7. The firm has succeeded in combining both good strength characteristics and low energy costs into the same process.

Задание 7. Определите часть речи подчеркнутых слов. Помните, что одинаково написанные слова могут принадлежать к разным частям речи. Объясните, как вы определили, к какой части речи относится выделенное слово.

1. This leads to a decrease in speed.

2. The population of the country did not decrease.

3. You should understand how the economy functions.

4. What is the function of this device?

5. These fibres function as support.

6. He works as he has to support his family.

Задание 8. Переведите однокоренные слова, учитывая значения суффиксов, префиксов и другие признаки частей речи.

1. apply – misapply – application – applicable – unapplied – misapplication

2. information – misinformation – inform – misinform – informed – informative

3. read – reader – reading – readable – unreadable - misread

4. vary – variation – various – variety – variable – invariable – invariably – invariability

Задание 9. Прочитайте текст и выполните письменный перевод 1, 4, 7 абзацев.

SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY

1. Today, more than ever, science is a vital source of educational, intellectual and cultural enrichment. When we talk of knowledge societies and knowledge economies, we are in practice pointing out that they are science-based. Science leads to technological advances and economic benefits that offer unique opportunities to meet basic human needs, reduce poverty, protect the environment and improve the quality of life.

2. The essential function of the basic sciences is to carry out a thorough inquiry, leading to new scientific knowledge that enhances our understanding of natural phenomena. Increasingly, however, the "disinterested" model of scientific endeavour does not correspond to a reality in which there are strong expectations that science should lead to technological advances and improve people's lives.

3. When talking about "challenges for science in the twenty-first century" one must recognize that, by its very nature, science is a cooperative endeavour and an activity without national borders. It has a remarkable capacity to mobilize intellectual effort on both theoretical and practical problems. By sharing scientific knowledge and joining together in making advances in science and technology, scientists are utilizing powerful means to promote international cooperation.

4. Scientific knowledge has led to remarkable innovations that have been of great benefit to humankind. Life expectancy has increased strikingly, and cures have been discovered for many diseases. Agricultural output has risen significantly in many parts of the world to meet growing population needs. Technological developments and the use of new energy sources have created the opportunity to free humankind from arduous labour. They have also enabled the generation of an expanding and complex range of industrial products and processes. Technologies based on new methods of communication, information handling and computation have brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges for the scientific endeavour as well as for society at large. Steadily improving scientific knowledge on the origin, functions and evolution of the universe and of life provides humankind with conceptual and practical approaches that profoundly influence its conduct and prospects.

5. At the same time, science itself is undergoing rapid change, with an "explosive" development of new fields, concepts, methodologies and potential applications. It is often difficult to see the long-term consequences of scientific advance and its applications, and this heightens our sense of vulnerability. But it has also raised important moral, social, legal and cultural challenges.

6. The convergence of the information and life sciences has led to considerable progress in genetics and biotechnology. Human life, even the concept of life itself, is now challenged by advances in the biosciences and by the development of biomedical and genetic techniques.

7. Today, whilst unprecedented advances in the sciences are foreseen, there is a need for a vigorous and informed democratic debate on the production and use of scientific knowledge. Greater interdisciplinary efforts, involving both natural and social sciences, are a prerequisite for dealing with ethical, social, cultural, environmental, gender, economic and health issues.

8. One of the operational issues to address as a priority is the involvement of industrialists in the common action supporting science for development. It is also essential to involve industry in their deliberations and debates, especially on development issues. The improvement of science-industry cooperation is not always easy but, if successful, it opens up important possibilities for all concerned.

9. The problems the human society is facing today are numerous and diverse. They can be solved with greater success and no doubt in a shorter time if we manage to unite our efforts and promote cooperation worldwide.

Задание 10. Подберите к английским словам и выражениям их русские эквиваленты.

knowledge societies	дискуссия
knowledge economу	общества знаний
thorough	прорыв
to utilize	применение
arduous labour	использовать
computation	экономика знаний
an application	научно-промышленное сотрудничество
considerable	добиться прогресса
cooperation	тщательный
to foresee	предвидеть
science-industry cooperation	вычисление
a deliberation	стремление
a sense of vulnerability	значительный
an explosive development	тяжелый труд
an endeavour	чувство уязвимости
to make advances	сотрудничество

Задание 11. Подберите к словам из первой группы слова с синонимичным значением из второй.

to manage	to enlarge
vital source	to educate
an activity	to be able to
an inquiry	global collaboration
to improve	gradually
strikingly	advancement
to meet needs	key origin
steadily	financial profits
advances	efforts
economic benefits	to satisfy
endeavours	favourable circumstances
a remarkable capacity	an action
to enhance	improvements
international cooperation	an impressive ability
to share knowledge	remarkably
enrichment	a search
opportunities	to upgrade

Задание 12. Подберите к словам из первой группы слова с антонимичным значением из второй.

theoretical	a tradition
to correspond	practical
output	minor
remarkable	short-term causes
a prospect	partially
long-term consequences	an option
essential	similar
profoundly	to differ
vigorous	input
diverse	an impossibility
a prerequisite	indifferent
an innovation	narrow
expanding	ordinary

Задание 13. Соедините термин с его определением.

	Chairman		The person in charge, who decides when each person is allowed to speak
	Deductive research		Someone who takes part in a conference
	Investigation		Note, direction, etc. telling where certain information may be found
	Participant		A careful study of something
	Qualitative research		An answer to a problem
	Reference		A type of study that is more subjective in nature and involves reflecting on the less tangible aspects of a research subject: values, attitudes, perceptions
	Solution		A statement or theory (to be) put forward and supported by arguments, submitted (as part of the requirements) for a university degree
	Thesis		A type of study that moves from general ideas to specific situations