Eighteenth century
In the early years of the industrial revolution entrepreneurs began to resist the demands imposed system of apprenticeship Statute of Artificers and Apprentices.
In 1757 Robert Raikes, the owner of the "Gloucester Journal” started the propaganda movement for Sunday school. He promoted Sunday schools through the newspapers in the first years.
Most schools in the eighteenth century were focused on learning grammar, which focused at the time on the study of Latin and ancient Greek. In many schools, the entire training course consisted only of these languages and other subjects were not taught.
In the second half of the XVIII century in England rapidly increased the number of primary schools and there acute shortage of teachers. This situation has led to the emergence of schools of mutual instruction, which during the XVIII century became in England as the massive type of primary school.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge founded many charity schools for poor students in the 7 to 11 age group. These schools were the basis for the development of modern concepts of primary and secondary education. The Society also was an early provider of teacher education.
Nineteenth century.
In the XVIII - XIX centuries there occurred two very important processes – the transformation of Britain into a leading colonial power and the growing worldwide industrial revolution. The main manufactories were concentrated in the Northern regions of the country, and there could be found the majority of civilian universities.( В XVIII - XIX веках происходили два очень важных процесса – превращение Великобритании в ведущую колониальную державу и нараставшая по всему миру промышленная революция. Основные производства были сосредоточены в северных областях страны, и там же расположено большинство гражданских университетов.)
Until the nineteenth century schools there were not enough, as existed were controlled by the Church, which emphasized theological education.
In 1818, John Pounds set up a school and began teaching poor children reading, writing, and arithmetic without charging fees. He would scour the streets of Portsmouth looking for children who were poor and homeless, taking them into his small workshop and teaching them. This small workshop was often host to as many as 40 children at any one time.
In august 1833, the UK started to vote sums of money each year for the construction of schools for poor children, the first time state had become involved with education in England and Wales, whereas the programme of universal education in Scotland began in 1561
The first government department with specific responsibility for education was established during this period. The Committee of the Privy Council on Education Dr (later Sir) James Kay-Shuttleworth was created at the 10 April 1839.
In 1839 government grants for the construction and maintenance of schools were switched to voluntary bodies, and became conditional on a satisfactory inspection.
In 1840 the Grammar School Act expanded the Grammar School Curriculum and included in it science and literature.
Before 1870, education was largely a private affair, with wealthy parents sending their children to fee-paying schools, and others using whatever local teaching which was available.
Under the Educational Act 1880, education became compulsory from the ages of 5 to 10.
The Elementary Education Act 1893 raised the school leaving age to 11 and later to 13. The Elementary Education Act of the same year extended compulsory education to blind and deaf children, and made provision for the creation of special schools.